This article describes the features, benefits and limitations of petrolatum and microcrystalline wax. It provides a detailed discussion on the steps to be followed before applying the various forms of the wax-based coatings. The wax-based coating forms include petrolatum and microcrystalline tapes, marine petrolatum-based pile systems; cold-applied petrolatum-based paste coating systems; hot-applied microcrystalline wax flood coating systems; wax-based dips, brushons, and sprays; and wax-impregnated fabrics and wax-coated papers. The article also discusses the applications and limitations of these wax-based coatings. It concludes by highlighting the steps involved in the installation of wax-based casing fillers.

Rust-preventive compounds are removable coatings used for the protection of the surfaces of iron, steel, coated or galvanized products, and other alloys. This article describes the basic parts of rust-preventive compounds, namely, carrier, film former, polar materials, and specialty additives. It explains types of rust-preventive compounds, including dry films and water-based dry films. The article also discusses the methods of application of various compounds, such as petrolatum compounds and emulsion compounds. It contains tables that provide information on the characteristics, applications, and physical properties of rust-preventive materials covered by military specifications. Finally, the article describes the various considerations and parameters for selecting rust-preventive materials.

There are various coating techniques in practice to prevent the deterioration of steels. This article focuses on dip, barrier, and chemical conversion coatings and describes hot-dip processes for coating carbon steels with zinc, aluminum, lead-tin, and other alloys. It describes continuous electrodeposition for steel strip and babbitting and discusses phosphate and chromate conversion coatings as well. It also addresses painting, discussing types and selection, surface preparation, and application methods. In addition, the article describes rust-preventive compounds and their application. It also provides information on weld-overlay and thermal spray coating, porcelain enameling, and the preparation of enamel frits for steels. The article closes by describing methods and materials for ceramic coating.

Maintenance coating is an important part of any meaningful asset-preservation strategy in facilities producing pulp and paper and other chemicals. This article discusses maintenance coating for carbon steel structures and process equipment exposed to normal external pulp and paper mill atmospheric conditions. The important requirements and standards for surface preparation are emphasized and common issues encountered in maintenance coating projects are described.

This article describes the formability and surface contamination of the refractory metals such as niobium, tantalum, molybdenum, tungsten, and titanium-zirconium-molybdenum alloys. It reviews the factors that affect mechanical properties and formability during rolling and heat treatment. The effect of temperature on the formability of refractory metals is discussed. The article provides a description of the forming methods of sheet and preformed blanks using refractory metals. It also discusses the types of lubricants, including oils, soaps, waxes, silicones, graphite, and molybdenum disulphide, used in the forming of refractory metals.

Wipe solvents are used to remove contaminants from a workpiece before it undergoes manufacturing operations that require clean surfaces, such as bonding, sealing, painting, welding, plating, specialized surface treatment procedures, and others. This article describes the evaluation parameters for wipe solvent cleaners, including methyl ethyl ketone, methyl isobutyl ketone, trichloroethene, tetrachloroethylene, acetone, toluene, dichloromethane, benzene, xylene, and other alternate wipe solvent cleaners. It contains a table that lists the compositions and properties of wipe solvent cleaners.

Characteristics of stainless steel that affect its formability include yield strength, tensile strength, and ductility, in addition to the effect of work hardening on these properties. This article discusses the forming process of stainless steel, heat-resistant alloys and refractory metals, detailing the major aspects of forming, including formability, lubrication, and forming methods and tools. The effect of factors such as alloy condition, cold reduction, forming direction (in the case of heat-resistant alloys) and temperature (in the case of refractory metals) on formability is also discussed.

Implant debris is known to cause local inflammation, local osteolysis, and, in some cases, local and systemic hypersensitivity. The debris can be stainless steel, cobalt alloy, and titanium alloy, and soluble debris obtained due to wear from all orthopedic implants. This article addresses the biologic aspects of implant debris, both locally and systemically. It describes debris-induced local effects, particle-induced proinflammatory responses, and debris-induced systemic effects. The article concludes with a discussion on the four systemic effects of implant debris, namely, neuropathic effects, hypersensitivity effects, carcinogenicity, and general toxicity.

The major benefit of the implementation of the corrosion-control technologies at Army installations is the extension of the service life of buildings and other structures. This article reviews the exposure of military facilities and equipment to a wide variety of environmental conditions, including soils, waters, or atmospheres of varying corrosivity. It presents the case studies illustrating typical examples of the types of corrosion problems found on military installations. The article describes the various corrosion-control technologies used in military facilities. These include protective coatings and linings, cathodic protection, advanced materials selection and design, water treatment, equipment inspection and monitoring, and below-grade moisture mitigation.

This article describes the coating materials, surface-preparation requirements, and application techniques used to protect underground pipelines. It provides a valuable insight into the types of polymer-based coatings that are both cost-effective and widely accepted in the pipeline industry.