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William C. Harrigan, Jr.
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Pradeep K. Rohatgi, Nikhil Gupta, Atef Daoud
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W.C. Harrigan, Jr.
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Thomas J. Lienert, Charles T. Lane, Jerry E. Gould
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Bruce Crawford
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Pradeep Rohatgi, Benjamin Schultz, Nikhil Gupta, Atef Daoud
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Carl Zweben
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A. Awadallah, J.J. Lewandowski
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William C. Harrigan, Jr.
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Book Chapter
Extrusion of Particle-Reinforced Aluminum Composites
Available to PurchaseBook: Composites
Series: ASM Handbook Archive
Volume: 21
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 2001
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v21.a0003429
EISBN: 978-1-62708-195-5
... Abstract This article discusses the dies, such as shear-face dies, conical-feed dies, and bridge dies, that are used in extrusion of particle-reinforced aluminum composites. It provides an overview of the effects of reinforcements on the properties of aluminum composites. shear-face dies...
Abstract
This article discusses the dies, such as shear-face dies, conical-feed dies, and bridge dies, that are used in extrusion of particle-reinforced aluminum composites. It provides an overview of the effects of reinforcements on the properties of aluminum composites.
Book Chapter
Synthesis and Processing of Cast Metal-Matrix Composites and Their Applications
Available to PurchaseBook: Casting
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 15
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 December 2008
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v15.a0005339
EISBN: 978-1-62708-187-0
.... It illustrates the three broad categories of MMCs depending on the aspect ratio of the reinforcing phase. The categories include continuous fiber-reinforced composites, discontinuous or short fiber-reinforced composites, and particle-reinforced composites. The article discusses the two main classes...
Abstract
Metal matrix composites (MMCs) can be synthesized by vapor phase, liquid phase, or solid phase processes. This article emphasizes the liquid phase processing where solid reinforcements are incorporated in the molten metal or alloy melt that is allowed to solidify to form a composite. It illustrates the three broad categories of MMCs depending on the aspect ratio of the reinforcing phase. The categories include continuous fiber-reinforced composites, discontinuous or short fiber-reinforced composites, and particle-reinforced composites. The article discusses the two main classes of solidification processing of composites, namely, stir casting and melt infiltration. It describes the effects of reinforcement present in the liquid alloy on solidification. The article examines the automotive, space, and electronic packaging applications of MMCs. It concludes with information on the development of select cast MMCs.
Book Chapter
Processing of Aluminum Metal-Matrix Composites
Available to PurchaseSeries: ASM Handbook
Volume: 2A
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 30 November 2018
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v02a.a0006488
EISBN: 978-1-62708-207-5
... Abstract In general, metal-matrix composites (MMCs) are classified into three broad categories: continuous fiber-reinforced composites, discontinuous or short fiber-reinforced composites, and particle-reinforced composites. This article focuses on stir casting and melt infiltration as the two...
Abstract
In general, metal-matrix composites (MMCs) are classified into three broad categories: continuous fiber-reinforced composites, discontinuous or short fiber-reinforced composites, and particle-reinforced composites. This article focuses on stir casting and melt infiltration as the two main methods of MMC solidification processing. It describes the MCC casting methods, such as sand and permanent mold casting, centrifugal casting, compocasting, and high-pressure die casting. The article discusses the MMC infiltration processes in terms of pressure infiltration casting and liquid metal infiltration. It reviews the powder metallurgy processing of aluminum MMCs and deformation processing of discontinuously reinforced aluminum composites. The article concludes with a discussion on the processing of fiber-reinforced aluminum.
Image
Published: 01 November 1995
Fig. 41 Properties of two sizes SiC-particle-reinforced Al 2 O 3 composite. (a) Strength vs. temperature, where strength was measured by the four-point bend test. (b) Toughness vs. temperature, where toughness was measured with a bend bar with a chevron notch. Courtesy of DuPont Lanxide
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Book Chapter
Metal-Matrix Composites
Available to PurchaseSeries: ASM Desk Editions
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 December 1998
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.mhde2.a0003163
EISBN: 978-1-62708-199-3
... on discontinuously reinforced (particle or whisker) aluminum MMCs because of their greater ease of manufacture, lower production costs, and relatively isotropic properties. As shown in Fig. 1 , however, higher performance composites are produced by more expensive, continuous fiber reinforcements. At the opposite...
Abstract
Metal-matrix composites (MMCs) are a class of materials with potential for a wide variety of structural and thermal applications. This article discusses the mechanical properties of MMCs, namely aluminum-matrix composites, titanium-matrix composites, magnesium-matrix composites, copper-matrix composites, superalloy-matrix composites, and intermetallic-matrix composites. It describes the processing methods of discontinuous aluminum MMCs which include casting processes, liquid-metal infiltration, spray deposition and powder metallurgy. The article provides useful information on aluminum MMC designation system and also describes the types of continuous fiber aluminum MMCs, including aluminum/boron MMC, aluminum/silicon carbide MMC, aluminum/graphite MMC, and aluminum/alumina MMC.
Book Chapter
Selection and Weldability of Aluminum Metal-Matrix Composites
Available to PurchaseSeries: ASM Handbook
Volume: 6
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 1993
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v06.a0001421
EISBN: 978-1-62708-173-3
... alloys, discontinuously reinforced aluminum composites require about double the applied force. This is because the reinforcement particles substantially increase the flow stress of the composite, even at high temperatures, preventing metal flow. Inertia friction welding studies on an A356/SiC/20 p...
Abstract
The effective integration of aluminum metal-matrix composites (Al-MMCs) into useful structures and devices often requires an understanding of the weldability of Al-MMCs that includes a thorough knowledge on the effects of various interactions between matrix and reinforcement. This article provides a detailed discussion on weldability and the effect of viscosity, chemical reactions, and solidification on weldability. It discusses different welding processes, namely, gas-tungsten arc welding, gas-metal arc welding, laser-beam welding, electron-beam welding, resistance welding, friction welding, transient liquid phase bonding, and capacitor discharge welding.
Book Chapter
Fatigue Properties and Quantitative Fractography of Metal-Matrix Composites
Available to PurchaseBook: Composites
Series: ASM Handbook Archive
Volume: 21
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 2001
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v21.a0003468
EISBN: 978-1-62708-195-5
... Abstract This article describes the fatigue properties of particle-reinforced metal-matrix composites (PR-MMCs) in terms of mechanisms of crack initiation, fatigue life, and fatigue crack growth. It reviews specimen preparation and microscopic procedures that are used in fatigue testing of MMCs...
Abstract
This article describes the fatigue properties of particle-reinforced metal-matrix composites (PR-MMCs) in terms of mechanisms of crack initiation, fatigue life, and fatigue crack growth. It reviews specimen preparation and microscopic procedures that are used in fatigue testing of MMCs. It also describes the evaluation of the long fatigue crack growth behavior of MMCs by using the test methods and specimens that are used for unreinforced metallic alloys. Fractography of MMCs under plane-strain conditions is also described with information on the observed features of MMC fatigue fracture surfaces and their observation methods.
Book Chapter
Processing of Metal-Matrix Composites
Available to PurchaseBook: Composites
Series: ASM Handbook Archive
Volume: 21
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 2001
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v21.a0003420
EISBN: 978-1-62708-195-5
...-Matrix Composites,” “Continuous Reinforcements for Metal-Matrix Composites,” and “Metallic Matrices.” Extrusion, considerations are discussed in the article “Extrusion of Particle- Reinforced Aluminum Composites.” Extensive property data are provided in the article “Properties of Metal-Matrix...
Abstract
Metal-matrix composites (MMCs) are a class of materials with a wide variety of structural, wear, and thermal management applications. This article discusses the primary processing methods used to manufacture discontinuous aluminum MMCs, namely, high-pressure die casting, pressure infiltration casting, liquid metal infiltration, spray deposition, and powder metallurgy methods. It describes the processing of continuous fiber-reinforced aluminum, discontinuously, reinforced titanium, and continuous fiber-reinforced titanium. The article concludes with information on work done to develop magnesium, copper, and superalloy MMCs.
Book Chapter
Discontinuous Reinforcements for Metal-Matrix Composites
Available to PurchaseBook: Composites
Series: ASM Handbook Archive
Volume: 21
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 2001
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v21.a0003358
EISBN: 978-1-62708-195-5
... Abstract This article focuses on the production of particulate reinforcements that are used in discontinuously reinforced metal-matrix composite (DRMMC) materials systems, their physical and materials properties, and the particle shape and overall morphology. The most common DRMMC materials...
Abstract
This article focuses on the production of particulate reinforcements that are used in discontinuously reinforced metal-matrix composite (DRMMC) materials systems, their physical and materials properties, and the particle shape and overall morphology. The most common DRMMC materials systems used for aerospace structural applications are silicon carbide and boron carbide particulate reinforcement in an aluminum alloy matrix. The article concludes with information on reinforcement chemistry for designing DRMMC materials systems.
Book Chapter
Solidification During Casting of Metal-Matrix Composites
Available to PurchaseBook: Casting
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 15
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 December 2008
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v15.a0005227
EISBN: 978-1-62708-187-0
... infiltration metal matrix composites nanocomposites computational modeling solidification reinforcement metal wettability stir mixing metal-ceramic systems particle interaction METAL-MATRIX COMPOSITES (MMCs) are engineered combinations of two or more materials in which reinforcing phases...
Abstract
This article discusses the solidification of a matrix alloy in cast metal matrix composites (MMCs). It begins with a discussion on the mixing techniques in reinforcement incorporation and wettability of reinforcement. It describes the solidification processes, such as stir mixing and melt infiltration, used in the synthesis of MMCs. The article also considers the fundamentals of the process and presents a computational modeling of particle/solidification front interactions in metal-ceramic systems. The article concludes with information on nanocomposites.
Book Chapter
Thermal Management and Electronic Packaging Applications
Available to PurchaseBook: Composites
Series: ASM Handbook Archive
Volume: 21
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 2001
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v21.a0003480
EISBN: 978-1-62708-195-5
...-matrix composites (PMCs) in the form of E-glass fiber-reinforced polymer (GFRP) PCBs are well-established packaging materials. Similarly, a variety of particles are added to polymers to reduce CTE and increase thermal conductivity, electrical conductivity, or both. These materials are particle-reinforced...
Abstract
This article presents an overview of advanced composites, namely, polymer matrix composites, metal-matrix composites, ceramic-matrix composites, and carbon-matrix composites. It also provides information on the properties and applications of the composites in thermal management and electronic packaging.
Book Chapter
Ceramic-Matrix Composites
Available to PurchaseSeries: ASM Desk Editions
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 November 1995
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.emde.a0003063
EISBN: 978-1-62708-200-6
..., and the distributed or reinforcement phase can be in the form of particles, platelets, whiskers or short fibers, continuous fibers, or sheet. Composites are generally classified by the matrix material: polymer, metal, or ceramic. CMCs can be further classified as discontinuously reinforced composites and continuous...
Abstract
Ceramic-matrix composites (CMCs) are being developed for a number of high-temperature and high-performance applications in industrial, aerospace, and energy conservation sectors. This article focuses on processing, fabrication, testing, and characterization methods of CMCs, namely, discontinuously reinforced composites and continuous-fiber-reinforced composites. Processing methods include cold pressing, sintering, hot pressing, reaction bonding, melt infiltration, directed metal oxidation, sol-gel and polymer pyrolysis, self-propagating high-temperature synthesis and joining. A table summarizes the properties of various ceramic reinforcements and industrial applications of these composites.
Image
Cross sections of typical fiber-reinforced MMCs. (a) Continuous-fiber-reinf...
Available to Purchase
in Metal-Matrix Composites
> Properties and Selection: Nonferrous Alloys and Special-Purpose Materials
Published: 01 January 1990
vol%) aluminum MMC. (f) A highly reinforced (81 vol%) MMC consisting of SiC particles in an aluminum alloy matrix. The black specks in the matrix are particles of an inorganic preform binder and do not indicate porosity. (a) and (b) Courtesy of DWA Composite Specialties, Inc. (c) and (d) Courtesy
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Book: Composites
Series: ASM Handbook Archive
Volume: 21
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 2001
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v21.a0003448
EISBN: 978-1-62708-195-5
...) are a diverse class of materials that consist of a metallic alloy matrix typically reinforced with a ceramic phase in the form of particles, platelets, whiskers, short fibers, and continuously aligned fibers (Ref 1 , 2 , and 3 ). Metal-matrix composites are used in structural applications...
Abstract
Metal-matrix composites (MMCs) are used in structural applications, and in applications requiring wear resistance, thermal management, and weight savings. This article summarizes the mechanical and thermal properties of discontinuously reinforced aluminum MMCs, laminated metallic composites, and continuously aligned fiber reinforced MMCs.
Book Chapter
Forging of Discontinuously Reinforced Aluminum Composites
Available to PurchaseSeries: ASM Handbook
Volume: 14A
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 2005
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v14a.a0004002
EISBN: 978-1-62708-185-6
... Abstract Discontinuously reinforced aluminum (DRA) alloy metal-matrix composites (MMCs) represent an advanced aluminum materials concept whereby ceramic particles, or whiskers, are added to aluminum-base alloys through the use of either ingot-melting or casting and/or powder-metallurgy (P/M...
Abstract
Discontinuously reinforced aluminum (DRA) alloy metal-matrix composites (MMCs) represent an advanced aluminum materials concept whereby ceramic particles, or whiskers, are added to aluminum-base alloys through the use of either ingot-melting or casting and/or powder-metallurgy (P/M) techniques. This article begins with a summary of general observations on the forging of discontinuously reinforced composites. It provides information on some of the specific experimental results obtained on various DRA systems, including 2xxx DRA alloys and cast DRA alloys. The article reviews the efforts on the modeling of behavior of specific alloy systems, with a comparison of experimental results to the modeling attempts. It concludes with information on the properties of deformation-processed DRA alloys.
Book Chapter
Quality Assurance of Metal-Matrix Composites
Available to PurchaseBook: Composites
Series: ASM Handbook Archive
Volume: 21
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 2001
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v21.a0003437
EISBN: 978-1-62708-195-5
.... Characterization Techniques For particle-reinforced aluminum composites, the reinforcements are characterized for chemical composition and particle size distribution. The matrix alloys are analyzed to ensure they are appropriate for the alloy and incoming form. Casting alloys are analyzed as ingots...
Abstract
This article describes the characterization techniques, mechanical tests, and nondestructive evaluation methods that are commonly used for metal-matrix composites. It also tabulates typical methods of particle size and size distribution measurement, as well as mechanical test specifications for aluminum-matrix composites.
Book Chapter
Fracture and Fatigue of DRA Composites
Available to PurchaseBook: Fatigue and Fracture
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 19
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 1996
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v19.a0002414
EISBN: 978-1-62708-193-1
... Abstract This article reviews the tensile properties and toughness characteristics of discontinuously reinforced aluminum (DRA) composites in terms of particle spacing, particle size, volume fraction, matrix alloy, and matrix microstructure. Both fracture toughness data and impact toughness...
Abstract
This article reviews the tensile properties and toughness characteristics of discontinuously reinforced aluminum (DRA) composites in terms of particle spacing, particle size, volume fraction, matrix alloy, and matrix microstructure. Both fracture toughness data and impact toughness data of the DRA composites are summarized. The article discusses the effects of confining pressure on the ductility of the DRA materials. It describes the fatigue behavior, such as stress-life behavior, strain-life behavior, and fatigue crack propagation, of the DRA.
Book: Composites
Series: ASM Handbook Archive
Volume: 21
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 2001
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v21.a0003472
EISBN: 978-1-62708-195-5
... be pulled from the segregated melt, which is then checked using spectrographic techniques. For the SiC reinforced composites, techniques have been developed ( Ref 3 ) to check both particle loading and elemental chemistry using optical emission spectroscopy with a spectrometer equipped with a carbon line...
Abstract
This article focuses on the techniques used in recycling of aluminum metal matrix composites (MMCs) such as discontinuous SiC reinforced aluminum MMCs and continuous reinforced aluminum MMCs. It provides a discussion on the properties of recycled aluminum MMCs and disposal of aluminum MMCs.
Book Chapter
Properties and Performance of Ceramic-Matrix and Carbon-Carbon Composites
Available to PurchaseBook: Composites
Series: ASM Handbook Archive
Volume: 21
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 2001
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v21.a0003449
EISBN: 978-1-62708-195-5
..., and/or volume fraction of the ceramic reinforcement phase. With ductile reinforcement, on the other hand, toughness generally increases with volume fraction up to 15 vol% metal; however, composites containing greater than 5 vol% metal particles typically experience some degradation in strength and hardness...
Abstract
This article discusses the mechanisms for enhancing the reliability of three types of ceramic-matrix composites: discontinuously reinforced ceramic-matrix composites, continuous fiber ceramic composites, and carbon-carbon composites. It also presents examples of their mechanical and physical properties. Examples that illustrate the properties of commercially available materials are also provided.
Book Chapter
Wear Failure of Reinforced Polymers
Available to PurchaseSeries: ASM Handbook
Volume: 11B
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 15 May 2022
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v11B.a0006869
EISBN: 978-1-62708-395-9
... composites is the synergistic effects of fillers that would superimpose onto each other. To obtain effective reinforcement of a polymeric matrix that is relatively soft, transformation of the stresses to fillers (fibers, particle filler, or combinations of both) is essential. This stress transformation...
Abstract
Reinforced polymers (RPs) are widely used in structural, industrial, automotive, and engineering applications due to their ecofriendly nature and the potential to manipulate their properties. This article addresses the technical synthesis of RPs, referring to their tribological behavior, to provide insights into the contribution and interaction of influential parameters on the wear behavior of polymers. It provides a brief discussion on the effects of significant parameters on RP tribology. The article describes abrasive and adhesive wear and provides a theoretical synthesis of the literature regarding the wear mechanisms of RPs. It also describes the synthesis of abrasive wear failure of different types of RPs and highlights the contribution of these influential parameters. The article addresses the synthesis of adhesive wear failure of different types of RPs.
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