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Published: 15 January 2021
Fig. 1 Corrosion characteristics of an active-passive metal as a function of solution oxidizing power (electrode potential) More
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Published: 01 January 2002
Fig. 1 Corrosion characteristics of an active-passive metal as a function of solution oxidizing power (electrode potential) More
Series: ASM Handbook Archive
Volume: 11
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 2002
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v11.a0003549
EISBN: 978-1-62708-180-1
.... First, consider the behavior of what can be called an active metal, that is, a metal that does not show passivity effects. The lower part of the curve in Fig. 1 illustrates the behavior of such a metal. Assume that a metal is immersed in an air-free acid solution with an oxidizing power...
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 11
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 15 January 2021
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v11.a0006782
EISBN: 978-1-62708-295-2
... solution with an oxidizing power corresponding to point A and a corrosion rate corresponding to this point. If the oxidizing power of this solution is increased, say, by adding oxygen or ferric ions, the corrosion rate of the metal will increase rapidly. Note that for such a metal, the corrosion rate...
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 4C
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 09 June 2014
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v04c.a0005836
EISBN: 978-1-62708-167-2
... Abstract This article reviews the performance of power electronics components, namely, power rectifiers, insulated-gate bipolar transistors, metal-oxide semiconductor field-effect transistors, diodes, and silicon-controlled rectifiers. It provides information on induction heating power supplies...
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 4C
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 09 June 2014
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v04c.a0005838
EISBN: 978-1-62708-167-2
... switching devices, namely, silicon-controlled rectifiers, insulated-gate bipolar transistors, and metal-oxide semiconductor field-effect transistors. The article also provides information on frequency-multiplication harmonic-induction power supplies, namely, push-pull and half-bridge inverters and full...
Book Chapter

By David C. Silverman
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 13A
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 2003
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v13a.a0003605
EISBN: 978-1-62708-182-5
... or alloy and the environment. In this brief overview focusing on degradation of metals and alloys in aqueous systems, the environment variables shown as follows are addressed: pH (acidity) Oxidizing power (electrochemical potential) Temperature and heat transfer Velocity (fluid movement...
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 23
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 June 2012
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v23.a0005683
EISBN: 978-1-62708-198-6
...: temperature, identity, and concentration of aggressive and protective species; concentration of hydrogen ions (the pH value); and oxidation power. The rates of all electrochemical reactions are temperature-dependent. The internal temperature of the human body, however, is well controlled in a rather...
Book Chapter

By Prabhakar Singh, Zhenguo Yang
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 13C
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 2006
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v13c.a0004136
EISBN: 978-1-62708-184-9
... electrolyte allows for the transport of ions, electrons flow in the external circuit (load), producing electrical power. The fuel cell produces direct current electricity as long as fuel and oxidants are supplied. To build up a useful voltage, a series of cells are electrically connected and integrated...
Book Chapter

By Charles F. Windisch, Jr.
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 13A
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 2003
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v13a.a0003601
EISBN: 978-1-62708-182-5
... of Power Generation Batteries that use metals as anodes that oxidize or corrode during discharge according to the reactions in Eq 1 or 2 are plentiful. The reason for this is that metals are easily fabricated, often inexpensive, and usually, as pure elements, chemically very simple materials. Most...
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 2
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 1990
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v02.a0001114
EISBN: 978-1-62708-162-7
... of the high-critical-temperature oxides in magnets or power applications in high-current-carrying wire or tape with acceptable mechanical capability. This article discusses the powder techniques mainly based on the production of an oxide powder precursor, which is then subjected to various processing...
Book Chapter

By Robert Vassen, Georg Mauer
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 5A
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 August 2013
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v05a.a0005708
EISBN: 978-1-62708-171-9
... wind power, hydro power, biomass and biofuels, solar energy, and fuel cells. biomass fuels corrosion protection hydro power renewable energy solar energy solid oxide fuel cells thermal spray applications wind power IN RECENT YEARS, renewable energy has continued to grow strongly...
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 13C
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 2006
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v13c.a0004133
EISBN: 978-1-62708-184-9
.../105994901770345394 8. Sarver J. , Viswanathan R. , and Mohamed S. , “Boiler Materials for Ultrasupercritical Coal Power Plants—Task 3, Steamside Oxidation of Materials—A Review of Literature,” topical report, U.S. Department of Energy Grant DE-FG26-01NT41174 and Ohio Coal Development Office...
Book Chapter

By Chester M. Dacres
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 13C
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 2006
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v13c.a0004135
EISBN: 978-1-62708-184-9
... and an oxidant directly generates a flow of electric current when power is demanded of the cell by an external load. There is no intermediary stage where energy must be expended to produce heat before producing power, and there are no moving parts. Fuel cells are highly efficient, noiseless, and generate...
Image
Published: 01 January 2006
Fig. 4 Fuel cell system including auxiliary equipment. (a) Fuel cell power generation system incorporating fuel processor, fuel cell stack, and power conditioner. ATR, autothermal reforming; SMR, steam methane reforming; POX, partial oxidation; PEM, polymer electrolyte membrane; DFC, direct More
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 13B
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 2005
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v13b.a0003823
EISBN: 978-1-62708-183-2
.... Additional layers will form at much reduced and decreasing rates, resulting from the protective power of the first and additional layers. This also implies that zirconium can conveniently heal any damage done at the metal/oxide interface, provided that the damage is done in an oxygen-containing environment...
Image
Published: 09 June 2014
Fig. 5 Common power semiconductor types, with power ranges and switching frequencies. IGBT, insulated-gate bipolar transistor; MOSFET, metal-oxide semiconductor field-effect transistor More
Book Chapter

By J.L. Jorstad
Book: Casting
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 15
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 December 2008
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v15.a0005195
EISBN: 978-1-62708-187-0
... of acid melting practices using partial oxidation are: Rapid steel production Good refractory life due to lower iron oxide content in the slag Lower power input Lower electrode consumption No recarburization required The disadvantages include: Insufficient removal of gases...
Book Chapter

By Daryl E. Crawmer
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 5A
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 August 2013
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v05a.a0005718
EISBN: 978-1-62708-171-9
... of the practitioner will determine what can be accomplished with this versatile and powerful technology. Thermal Spray versus Other Coating Processes Thermal spray processes differ from other coating processes in that they do not deposit material onto surfaces as individual ions, atoms, or molecules. Instead...
Image
Published: 01 January 1990
Fig. 11 Typical rates of oxidation at 1175 °C (2150 °F) for two common heating alloys. In both continuous tests (a) and intermittent tests (b), cylindrically coiled strips 0.13 by 9.5 by 250 mm (0.005 by 3 8 by 10 in.) were heated in air. In the intermittent oxidizing tests, power More