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Published: 01 January 2005
Fig. 16 Chloride allowable for Zr702 in sulfuric acid in the oxidizing condition More
Image
Published: 01 January 2006
Fig. 2 Temperature profile through the oxide layer in heat flow condition. Temperature decreasing from zirconium alloy to coolant More
Book Chapter

Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 13B
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 2005
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v13b.a0003825
EISBN: 978-1-62708-183-2
... Abstract Tantalum is one of the most versatile corrosion-resistant metals known. The outstanding corrosion resistance and inertness of tantalum are attributed to a very thin, impervious, protective oxide film that forms on exposure of the metal to slightly anodic or oxidizing conditions...
Book Chapter

Series: ASM Desk Editions
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 November 1995
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.emde.a0003004
EISBN: 978-1-62708-200-6
... Abstract This article is a comprehensive collection of engineering property data in tabulated form for ceramics and glasses. Data are provided for physical and mechanical properties of ceramic materials and color of ceramics fired under oxidizing and reducing conditions. The article also lists...
Image
Published: 01 January 2005
% SO 2 /SO 3 ) were to remain oxidizing at all times, with temperatures at 850 to 900 °C (1560 to 1650 °F). Upsets on the acid plant included poor process controls, inadequate air cooling, incomplete combustion, and unstable flames, with very many temperature cycles due to interruptions in power supply More
Image
Published: 01 January 2003
Fig. 1 Corrosion behavior of alloys from five nickel alloy groups compared to that of 316L stainless steel (SS). (a) In boiling 10% sulfuric acid, reducing conditions. (b) In 10% boiling nitric acid, oxidizing conditions. Source: Data from Ref 3 More
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 13A
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 2003
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v13a.a0003619
EISBN: 978-1-62708-182-5
... that the alloy experiences, and it is controlled by the cathodic reaction in the system. Thus, a reducing condition is generally controlled by the discharge of hydrogen from a reducing acid, such as hydrochloric acid. An oxidizing environment has a potential that is higher than the potential for hydrogen...
Book Chapter

By L.A. Scribner
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 13C
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 2006
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v13c.a0004180
EISBN: 978-1-62708-184-9
... hydrogen from acids. The 400-series stainless steels exhibit borderline passivity and thus are seldom selected, whereas the 300-series stainless steels are the materials of choice. The grades in the 300 series of stainless steels require oxidizing conditions to maintain their passivity, especially at high...
Book Chapter

By Russell D. Kane
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 13A
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 2003
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v13a.a0003611
EISBN: 978-1-62708-182-5
... protective oxide scale formed in sulfur-free oxidizing gas. (b) Sulfide-oxide scale formed in reducing conditions containing hydrogen sulfide. Courtesy of I.G. Wright, Battelle Columbus Division The latter circumstance can be assessed from the Pilling-Bedworth ratio, which is the ratio of the volumes...
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 13C
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 2006
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v13c.a0004148
EISBN: 978-1-62708-184-9
... in water and heat flow conditions that causes irradiation on the zirconium alloy assemblies. It discusses the effect of irradiation on the microstructure and morphology of cladded linings. The article describes the impact of metallurgical parameters on the oxidation resistance of zirconium alloys...
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 13B
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 2005
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v13b.a0003823
EISBN: 978-1-62708-183-2
... dry organic halides. Consequently, zirconium is not suitable for handling these media. In addition, zirconium is susceptible to localized corrosion, such as pitting and stress-corrosion cracking in chloride solutions under oxidizing conditions. However, zirconium is not susceptible to crevice...
Book Chapter

By D.M. Wilson, J.A. DiCarlo, H.M. Yun
Series: ASM Handbook Archive
Volume: 21
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 2001
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v21.a0003357
EISBN: 978-1-62708-195-5
... conditions that minimally expose the fibers to oxygen, and upper-use temperatures higher than possible with oxide/oxide CMC and state of the art metallic superalloys. Minimal oxygen exposure is typically achieved by incorporating the fibers in dense protective matrices of similar composition and thermal...
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 13B
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 2005
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v13b.a0003814
EISBN: 978-1-62708-183-2
... hydrofluoric acid. Commercially pure nickel is particularly resistant to caustic soda. On the high-temperature side, strong nickel alloys are available to resist oxidation, carburization, metal dusting, and sulfidizing-oxidizing conditions. Titanium Despite being the ninth most abundant element...
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 13C
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 2006
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v13c.a0004132
EISBN: 978-1-62708-184-9
... 2 O, heteroatoms are converted to inorganic compounds (usually acids, salts, or oxides in high-oxidation states). The formation of acids at elevated temperatures and pressures under very oxidizing conditions may result in severe corrosion. Thus, while SCWO is an effective process for the destruction...
Book Chapter

By David A. Shifler
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 13A
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 2003
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v13a.a0003671
EISBN: 978-1-62708-182-5
... kinetics. The diagrams are for equilibrium conditions. Equilibrium may be reached quickly in high- temperature oxidation, but if the metal or alloy is then cooled, equilibrium may not be reestablished. Microenvironments, such as gases in voids or cracks, may create conditions that differ considerably...
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 13A
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 2003
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v13a.a0003709
EISBN: 978-1-62708-182-5
... An anion is an ion that has a negative charge. An anion will move toward the anode in an electric field. Anode In an electrochemical cell, the anode is the electrode where oxidation takes place. See also the section “ Cell Types and Conditions for Commercial and Industrial Processes...
Book: Casting
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 15
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 December 2008
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v15.a0005285
EISBN: 978-1-62708-187-0
.... In addition to the growth of oxide films and dross on the melt surfaces that are induced by exposure to general atmospheric conditions, there are a number of factors encountered in industrial melters that can supplement and even alter the growth factors. These include turbulence induced by the mode of melting...
Series: ASM Handbook Archive
Volume: 11
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 2002
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v11.a0003546
EISBN: 978-1-62708-180-1
...-grained materials than to fine-grained ones since the spacing of slip bands will be greater and the stresses at the tip of the slip band will be higher. Thermomechanical Fatigue Life Model with Stable Precipitate Structure and Plasticity/Oxidation Conditions for this situation are assumed...
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 2A
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 30 November 2018
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v02a.a0006522
EISBN: 978-1-62708-207-5
... corrosion resistance and surface treatment. It describes the thermodynamics of equilibrium oxidation processes and non-equilibrium corrosion processes. The article provides a discussion on aluminum oxidation under atmospheric and dynamic conditions. It presents the potential/pH (Pourbaix) diagram...
Book Chapter

Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 1A
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 31 August 2017
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v01a.a0006349
EISBN: 978-1-62708-179-5
... in a Charpy testing machine. (d) Standard Charpy Up to 3% Si is normally present in all cast irons; in larger percentages, silicon is considered an alloying element. It promotes the formation of a strongly protective surface film under oxidizing conditions such as exposure to oxidizing acids...