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Image
Published: 01 November 1995
Fig. 19 Wavelength dependence of refractive indexes of selected optical glasses. (a) 881 410. (b) 691 547. (c) 613 443. (d) 471 673
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in Material Aspects of Additively Manufactured Medical Devices
> Additive Manufacturing in Biomedical Applications
Published: 12 September 2022
Fig. 3 Mesoporous bioactive glass/silk fibroin scaffolds; (a) optical and (b) scanning electron microscopy images. Source: Ref 27. Creative Commons License (CC BY-ND 4.0), https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/4.0/
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Published: 01 June 2024
Fig. 13 Glass fracture surface showing Wallner lines and twist hackle. Optical microscope; reflected light
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Image
Published: 01 November 1995
Fig. 21 Map of optical and ophthalmic glasses in the { n d , v d }-plane. The solid line {2.1, 50} to {1.6, 50} to {1.6, 55} to {1.4, 55} separates optical crowns from flints. Ophthalmic crowns and flints do not follow the same distinction. The relationship of fused silica and photochromic
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Book Chapter
Series: ASM Desk Editions
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 November 1995
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.emde.a0003067
EISBN: 978-1-62708-200-6
... applications, lighting, information display, electronic processing and electronic devices, optical and ophthalmic products, and communications equipment. architectural glass biomedical glass dental glass glass fibers lamp glass optical glass specialty glasses traditional glasses GLASS in its...
Abstract
This article reviews the applications of traditional glasses in architecture, transportation, construction, houseware, containers, and fibers. It also describes uses of specialty glasses for aerospace and military applications, biomedical and dental applications, chemical-resistant applications, lighting, information display, electronic processing and electronic devices, optical and ophthalmic products, and communications equipment.
Book Chapter
Series: ASM Desk Editions
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 November 1995
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.emde.a0003065
EISBN: 978-1-62708-200-6
... gives a detailed account of production, properties and application of fiberglass, optical fibers, glass spheres and ceramic glasses, and describes the forms, classification, compositions and properties of glass/metal and glass-ceramic/metal seals. fiberglass forming glass melting glass spheres...
Abstract
The large majority of the commercially important glasses are processed from a carefully calculated batch of raw materials that is then melted in special furnaces. Providing an introduction to melting practices of glass production, this article focuses on various finishing methods of glass products, including forming, grinding and polishing, and explores the advantages, disadvantages and steps involved in sol-gel process. It also discusses the types, processes and properties of annealed, laminated, and tempered glass, and presents the steps involved in glass decoration. The article gives a detailed account of production, properties and application of fiberglass, optical fibers, glass spheres and ceramic glasses, and describes the forms, classification, compositions and properties of glass/metal and glass-ceramic/metal seals.
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 4C
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 09 June 2014
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v04c.a0005912
EISBN: 978-1-62708-167-2
... Abstract The optical fiber preform is a long cylinder of glass that contains core and cladding glasses. This article describes the relationship between the peak furnace temperature, fiber draw tension, and fiber draw speed. It focuses on temperature requirements such as product viscosity, hot...
Abstract
The optical fiber preform is a long cylinder of glass that contains core and cladding glasses. This article describes the relationship between the peak furnace temperature, fiber draw tension, and fiber draw speed. It focuses on temperature requirements such as product viscosity, hot zone length, temperature profile, and heating cycle to draw the glass. The article provides information on process gases in the draw induction furnace, insulation package for induction heating operations, and furnace design and scalability. It reviews the key factors for the selection of susceptor materials, namely, cost, temperature cycling, and the impact on the product.
Book Chapter
Series: ASM Desk Editions
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 November 1995
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.emde.a0003066
EISBN: 978-1-62708-200-6
... Abstract This article describes the chemical composition, physical properties, thermal properties, mechanical properties, electrical properties, optical properties, magnetic properties, and chemical properties of glasses, glass-matrix composites, and glass-ceramics. chemical properties...
Abstract
This article describes the chemical composition, physical properties, thermal properties, mechanical properties, electrical properties, optical properties, magnetic properties, and chemical properties of glasses, glass-matrix composites, and glass-ceramics.
Book Chapter
Book: Surface Engineering
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 5
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 1994
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v05.a0001316
EISBN: 978-1-62708-170-2
... Abstract This article focuses on the ceramic coatings for ceramic and glass substrates. It describes the role of oxides in glazes and discusses the optical and appearance properties of various types of glazes, such as leadless glazes, lead-containing glazes, opaque glazes, and satin and matte...
Abstract
This article focuses on the ceramic coatings for ceramic and glass substrates. It describes the role of oxides in glazes and discusses the optical and appearance properties of various types of glazes, such as leadless glazes, lead-containing glazes, opaque glazes, and satin and matte glazes. The article provides information on the classification of pigments and the applications of ceramic coatings for decorations on ceramic and glass surfaces.
Book: Fatigue and Fracture
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 19
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 1996
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v19.a0002419
EISBN: 978-1-62708-193-1
..., glasses subjected to cyclic loading will experience incremental crack growth each time the stress at the crack tip exceeds a critical value, and failure may occur, but the mechanism is stress corrosion, not cyclic fatigue. The development of glass fiber-optic cables for voice and data transmission...
Abstract
This article discusses the fracture behavior of silicate glasses, more specifically, soda-lime-silicate glass, borosilicate glass and vitreous silica. It analyzes the testing and calculation of dynamic fatigue and slow-crack-growth for lifetime prediction of glasses. The article illustrates the phenomenon of static fatigue and concludes with a discussion on the role of surface damage in strength and fatigue behavior.
Series: ASM Desk Editions
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 November 1995
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.emde.a0003049
EISBN: 978-1-62708-200-6
... ceramics include electronic ceramics, optical ceramics, magnetic ceramics, and structural ceramics. advanced ceramics advanced glasses glass-ceramics structural ceramics traditional ceramics traditional glasses CERAMICS AND GLASSES can be broadly defined as inorganic nonmetallic materials...
Abstract
This article provides an overview of the types, properties, and applications of traditional and advanced ceramics and glasses. Principal product areas for traditional ceramics include whitewares, glazes, porcelain enamels, structural clay products, cements, and refractories. Advanced ceramics include electronic ceramics, optical ceramics, magnetic ceramics, and structural ceramics.
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 4C
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 09 June 2014
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v04c.a0005920
EISBN: 978-1-62708-167-2
... distortions to it. It is difficult to put a quantitative value to cord, but some companies use ranges such as A to D. Optical glass is always considered cord free. Fining a glass melt, or removing bubbles, seeds, and blisters, is one of the more difficult challenges in a glass melting process. Continuous...
Abstract
Induction heating for glass melting is an alternative to resistance heating element furnaces. This article provides information on the basics of glass fabrication process. It focuses on crucible melt furnace for small-scale glass melting and the induction melting process. It also describes induction glass forming (forming from the melt) and glass forming by induction heating (post-melt). The article compares the benefits of using induction heating and refractory-lined resistance heating.
Image
Published: 15 June 2020
Fig. 14 Glass fabricated by the vat photopolymerization (VPP)-based printing process for optical purposes. (a) Silica-nanopowder-based material printed by the VPP-based printing process. (b) Three-dimensional (3D)-printed fused silica glass with microstructures. (c) Surface quality and optical
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Book Chapter
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 10
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 15 December 2019
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v10.a0006671
EISBN: 978-1-62708-213-6
... optical properties, such as color. In optical fibers, trace elements must be determined and controlled for species as common as water and iron to either minimize optical transmission losses or to produce an active fiber. Defects in glasses, such as seeds (small bubbles) and stones (small inclusions...
Abstract
The characterization, testing, and nondestructive evaluation of ceramics and glasses are vital to manufacturing control, property improvement, failure prevention, and quality assurance. This article provides a broad overview of characterization methods and their relationship to property control, both in the production and use of ceramics and glasses. Important aspects covered include the means for characterizing ceramics and glasses, the corresponding rationale behind them, and relationship of chemistry, phases, and microconstituents to engineering properties. The article also describes the effects that the structure of raw ceramic materials and green products and processing parameters have on the ultimate structure and properties of the processed piece. The effects that trace chemistry and processing parameters have on glass properties are discussed. The article describes mechanical tests and failure analysis techniques used for ceramics.
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 9
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 December 2004
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v09.a0009076
EISBN: 978-1-62708-177-1
...” that is polished will become the surface bonded to a glass slide. It is essential that there are no artifacts created in the polished first face, or it will affect the optical light path on the final section. Flatness of the surface is also critical, not only on the section plane but also on the structure...
Abstract
This article describes the various aspects relating to the selection and preparation of ultrathin-section specimens of fiber-reinforced polymeric composites for examination by transmitted light microscopy. It provides information on the contrast-enhancement methods used by transmitted-light microscopy and optimization of microscope conditions. Examples of composite ultrathin sections analyzed using transmitted-light microscopy contrast methods are also presented.
Series: ASM Handbook Archive
Volume: 11
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 2002
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v11.a0003542
EISBN: 978-1-62708-180-1
... surface, to the left of the center of the image. Optical microscope; reflected light; picture width ∼1 mm Fig. 2 High-magnification view of the glass plate shown in Fig. 1 . There is a complex system of cracks created by mechanical contact of the glass surface with a sharp, hard object. SEM...
Abstract
Fractography is the means and methods for characterizing a fractured specimen or component. This includes the examination of fracture-exposed surfaces and the interpretation of the fracture markings as well as the examination and interpretation of crack patterns. This article describes the former of these two parts of fractography. It presents the techniques of fractography and explains fracture markings using glass and ceramic examples. The article also discusses the fracture modes in ceramics and provides examples of fracture origins.
Series: ASM Desk Editions
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 November 1995
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.emde.9781627082006
EISBN: 978-1-62708-200-6
Book: Fractography
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 12
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 June 2024
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v12.a0006880
EISBN: 978-1-62708-387-4
... of the origin details. As an example, Fig. 1 shows a low-magnification image, taken with an optical microscope, of the fracture surface of a glass plate. The location of the origin is shown by the fracture markings in Fig. 1 . The curved arcs (the Wallner lines) indicate that the origin is toward the top...
Abstract
Fractography is the means and methods for characterizing a fractured specimen or component. This includes the examination of fracture-exposed surfaces and the interpretation of the fracture markings, and the examination and interpretation of crack patterns. This article deals primarily with the first of these two parts of fractography. Techniques of fractography are presented, fracture markings are explained using glass and ceramic examples, fracture modes in ceramics are discussed, and examples of fracture origins are given.
Book Chapter
Series: ASM Desk Editions
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 November 1995
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.emde.a0003068
EISBN: 978-1-62708-200-6
... melting temperature, such as silica brick, used for AC. See acetal (AC) copolymers, acetal (AC) ho- metallurgical fumace linings. Compare with basic re- Abbe value. A number designating the dispersion of mopolymers, and acetal (AC) resins. fractories. light waves by an optical glass, expressed...
Abstract
This article is a compilation of definitions for terms related to engineering materials, including plastics, elastomers, polymer-matrix composites, adhesives and sealants, ceramics, ceramic-matrix composites, glasses, and carbon-carbon composites.
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 8
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 2000
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v08.a0003274
EISBN: 978-1-62708-176-4
... verifying that a correct heat treatment or surface treatment has been applied to a body. Hardness of ceramics is important for characterizing ceramic cutting tools, wear and abrasion resistant parts, prosthetic hip joint balls and sockets, optical lens glasses (for scratch resistance), ballistic armor...
Abstract
Hardness characterizes the resistance of the ceramic to deformation, densification, displacement, and fracture. It is usually measured with conventional microindentation hardness machines using the Knoop or the Vickers diamond indenters. This article discusses the metrology issues of the Knoop and the Vickers hardness in ceramics. It explicates how to estimate fracture toughness from Vickers indentation cracking. The article also provides information on instrumented hardness testing and the Meyer law.
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