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Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 20
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 1997
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v20.a0002444
EISBN: 978-1-62708-194-8
... to the CFD techniques for their solution. It introduces discretization techniques that are used by finite-difference, finite-volume, finite-element, spectral, and some particle methods. Associated concepts of numerical stability and accuracy are also reviewed. The article describes two approaches for grid...
Book Chapter

Series: ASM Desk Editions
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 December 1998
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.mhde2.a0003122
EISBN: 978-1-62708-199-3
... is the registrar under ANSI H35.1 with respect to the designation and composition of aluminum alloys and tempers registered in the United States. Wrought Aluminum and Aluminum Alloy Designation System A four-digit numerical designation system is used to identify wrought aluminum and aluminum alloys...
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Published: 01 January 2005
Fig. 21 Schematic of a three-section ring rolling program on a computer numerical controlled ring mill. In section 1, diameter growth rate increases linearly. In section 2, diameter growth rate is constant, compatible with ring stability and machine characteristics. In section 3, diameter More
Book Chapter

Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 22A
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 December 2009
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v22a.a0005426
EISBN: 978-1-62708-196-2
..., is represented by a finite set of data. This section introduces the discretization techniques used by finite-difference, finite-volume, finite-element, spectral, and some particle methods, and associated concepts of numerical stability and accuracy. The discrete equations of the finite-difference, olume...
Book Chapter

By Rohit Trivedi, Erin Sunseri
Book: Casting
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 15
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 December 2008
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v15.a0005210
EISBN: 978-1-62708-187-0
... to velocity. The parameter σ* is referred to as the dendrite tip selection parameter and is a function of the anisotropy parameter, ε 4 . A functional relationship between σ* and ε 4 has been obtained numerically by Karma and Rappel ( Ref 16 ). The Ivantsov solution, along with the stability condition...
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 4A
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 August 2013
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v04a.a0005789
EISBN: 978-1-62708-165-8
... the concrete workpiece. In this case, a more precise hardness prediction can be expected. Numerical Solution of the Inverse Heat-Conduction Problem This section includes discussion of the simplified 1-D temperature-distribution model, the calculation of the HTC, and the finite-volume method for the heat...
Book Chapter

By Don Gibbons
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 23
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 June 2012
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v23.a0005659
EISBN: 978-1-62708-198-6
... of fibrinogen to form fibrin. There are numerous pathways for this initiation. It happens directly by surface contact, through adsorption of various proteins from the blood and replacement with high-molecular-weight kininogen in a dynamic adsorption/desorption sequence. Indirect initiation may occur, via tissue...
Book Chapter

Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 5A
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 August 2013
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v05a.a0005749
EISBN: 978-1-62708-171-9
... Centre d'etude et de Recherche Materiaux cfh cubic feet per hour cfm cubic feet per minute C(g) carbon in graphitic form CGA Compressed Gas Association ChamPro chamber processes CIP cold isostatic pressing cm centimeter CNC computer numerical control...
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 4C
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 09 June 2014
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v04c.a0005876
EISBN: 978-1-62708-167-2
... on the solution of Maxwell's equations (MEs) and provides some basic information regarding the heat transfer and fluid equations, because these physical phenomena usually are strongly coupled to magnetic and electric fields. The solutions are usually obtained by using specific numerical methods such as finite...
Series: ASM Handbook Archive
Volume: 21
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 2001
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v21.a0003376
EISBN: 978-1-62708-195-5
... analysis is the next level beyond laminate analysis. It addresses loadings and geometries that occur when the composite laminates are used in functional structure. The structural analysis topics discussed in this Volume include: Bolted and bonded joints Stability Damage tolerance Out...
Book Chapter

By Frank Wardle
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 18
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 31 December 2017
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v18.a0006362
EISBN: 978-1-62708-192-4
... as negative damping. Reference 4 determines a damping factor by numerically simulating the bearing response to an impulse when it is part of a dynamic system. Design of Orifice-Compensated Journal Bearings This section discusses load capacity and stiffness, friction and power loss, and stability...
Book Chapter

By Michael N. Grimshaw
Series: ASM Handbook Archive
Volume: 21
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 2001
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v21.a0003411
EISBN: 978-1-62708-195-5
... suppliers. Machine configurations ranged from hand-assisted tabletop prototypes to the first full computer numerically controlled (CNC) gantry- style tape layer, which was developed under U.S. Air Force contract by General Dynamics and the Conrac Corporation. This machine was used to make composite parts...
Book Chapter

Book: Casting
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 15
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 December 2008
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v15.a0005348
EISBN: 978-1-62708-187-0
... casting of FG ake graphic km kilometer Fig. gure kPa kilopascal vacuum-melted alloys ksi kips (1000 lb) per square inch CMM coordinate measuring machine(s) kV kilovolt CNC computerized numerical control cpm cycles per minute cps cycles per second Abbreviations and Symbols / 1223 L liter Ref reference...
Book Chapter

By Jean W. Chevalier
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 5
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 1994
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v05.a0001266
EISBN: 978-1-62708-170-2
.... electroless gold plating plated deposits THE DEPOSITION of a metal on a given substrate can be achieved by numerous conventional methods. Electrodeposition is extensively used because it is technically convenient to operate and is cost efficient. Other techniques, such as chemical vapor deposition...
Book Chapter

By E. Protopopoff, P. Marcus
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 13A
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 2003
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v13a.a0003580
EISBN: 978-1-62708-182-5
... ratio of activities of two dissolved species of the element give E -pH lines. The representation of the equilibrium pHs for acid-base reactions (independent of the potential) gives vertical lines. All those lines delimit E -pH domains of stability for the various species of the element, metal, ions...
Book Chapter

By Wilfried Kurz
Book: Casting
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 15
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 December 2008
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v15.a0005209
EISBN: 978-1-62708-187-0
... build-up at the solid-liquid interface forming transients and steady state, the morphological stability/instability and perturbation theory, and rapid solidification effects, including solute trapping and oscillatory instabilities. The article presents a microstructural selection map that presents...
Book Chapter

By Gerald Flanagan, Carol Meyers
Series: ASM Handbook Archive
Volume: 21
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 2001
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v21.a0003385
EISBN: 978-1-62708-195-5
... Abstract This article focuses on the unique characteristics of composites and laminated plates, including orthotropic, anisotropic, and unsymmetric plates. It discusses the stability issues associated with practical, structural laminates based on the finite stack effects and transverse shear...
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 11B
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 15 May 2022
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v11B.a0006912
EISBN: 978-1-62708-395-9
... the UV stability based on the following parameters. The UV stability rating (UV5, UV10, UV15) sets exposure conditions—a specific sequence of high-intensity UV exposure, darkness, and moisture—in weatherometers, instruments that are used for accelerated weathering experiments. The numeral refers...
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 1A
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 31 August 2017
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v01a.a0006331
EISBN: 978-1-62708-179-5
... of formation by introducing the scalar relation, known as the additive strain decomposition. The main factors influencing casting deformation are volume changes during solidification and cooling, phase transformations, alloy composition, thermal gradients, casting geometry, and mold stability. The article...
Book Chapter

By Tito T. Serafini, Stephen C. Mitchell
Series: ASM Handbook Archive
Volume: 21
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 2001
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v21.a0003476
EISBN: 978-1-62708-195-5
... in the articles “Phenolic Resins” and “Bismaleimide Resins” in this Volume. General Characteristics For a material to function as a viable matrix in a fiber-reinforced composite, the matrix must bind the constituents, transfer loads, provide environmental stability, and perhaps most important, provide...