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Book Chapter
Numerical Aspects of Modeling Welds
Available to PurchaseSeries: ASM Handbook
Volume: 6
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 1993
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v06.a0001480
EISBN: 978-1-62708-173-3
... Abstract This article focuses on the various assumptions involved in the numerical modeling of welds, including the geometry of the welded structure and the weld joint, thermal stress, strain, residual stress, and the microstructure in the heat-affected and fusion zones. distortion...
Abstract
This article focuses on the various assumptions involved in the numerical modeling of welds, including the geometry of the welded structure and the weld joint, thermal stress, strain, residual stress, and the microstructure in the heat-affected and fusion zones.
Image
Numerically modeled pressure distribution in (a) plane slider, (b) stepped ...
Available to PurchasePublished: 31 December 2017
Fig. 20 Numerically modeled pressure distribution in (a) plane slider, (b) stepped slider, and (c) surface-textured slider. Source: Ref 11
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Image
Summary of analytical and numerical models used to interpret small ring ten...
Available to PurchasePublished: 30 June 2023
Fig. 15 Summary of analytical and numerical models used to interpret small ring tensile data. Analytical model terms are defined in (a) the elliptical ring geometry and (b) the free-body diagram used to define internal forces and moments. (c) Plane-stress finite-element model arrangement
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Image
Numerical models for microstructure prediction. JMAK, Johnson-Mehl-Avrami-K...
Available to Purchase
in Simulation-Driven Design and the Role of Optimization in Design for Additive Manufacturing
> Additive Manufacturing Design and Applications
Published: 30 June 2023
Fig. 7 Numerical models for microstructure prediction. JMAK, Johnson-Mehl-Avrami-Kolmogorov; HAZ, heat-affected zone. Adapted from Ref 42 . Courtesy of TWI
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Book Chapter
Numerical Aspects of Modeling Welds
Available to PurchaseSeries: ASM Handbook
Volume: 6A
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 31 October 2011
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v06a.a0005587
EISBN: 978-1-62708-174-0
... Abstract This article is a comprehensive collection of formulas and numerical solutions, addressing many heat-transfer scenarios encountered in welds. It provides detailed explanations and dimensioned drawings in order to discuss the geometry of weld models, transfer of energy and heat in welds...
Abstract
This article is a comprehensive collection of formulas and numerical solutions, addressing many heat-transfer scenarios encountered in welds. It provides detailed explanations and dimensioned drawings in order to discuss the geometry of weld models, transfer of energy and heat in welds, microstructure evaluation, thermal stress analysis, and fluid flow in the weld pool.
Image
The role of numerical procedures and constitutive modeling in springback ac...
Available to PurchasePublished: 01 January 2006
Fig. 26 The role of numerical procedures and constitutive modeling in springback accuracy as represented by standard error of fit,<σ>, to measurement. Springback angles (Δθ): (1) Plane stress, 5 integration points ( N IP ), 600 elements along length ( N EL ), von Mises yield
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Book Chapter
Computational Models for Prediction of Solidification Microstructure
Available to PurchaseSeries: ASM Handbook
Volume: 1A
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 31 August 2017
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v01a.a0006314
EISBN: 978-1-62708-179-5
... the solidification microstructure of cast iron. Analytical as well as numerical models describing solidification phenomena at both macroscopic and microscopic scales are presented. The article introduces macroscopic transport equations and presents analytical microscopic models for solidification. These models...
Abstract
The microstructure that develops during the solidification stage of cast iron largely influences the subsequent solid-state transformations and mechanical properties of the cast components. This article provides a brief introduction of methods that can be used for simulating the solidification microstructure of cast iron. Analytical as well as numerical models describing solidification phenomena at both macroscopic and microscopic scales are presented. The article introduces macroscopic transport equations and presents analytical microscopic models for solidification. These models include the dendrite growth models and the cooperative eutectic growth models. The article provides some solutions using numerical models to simulate the kinetics of microstructure formation in cast iron. It concludes with a discussion on cellular automaton (CA) technique that can handle complex topology changes and reproduce most of the solidification microstructure features observed experimentally.
Book Chapter
Modeling of Heat and Mass Transfer in Fusion Welding
Available to PurchaseSeries: ASM Handbook
Volume: 6A
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 31 October 2011
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v06a.a0005636
EISBN: 978-1-62708-174-0
... Abstract This article provides a comprehensive review and critical assessment of numerical modeling of heat and mass transfer in fusion welding. The different fusion welding processes are gas tungsten arc welding, gas metal arc welding, laser welding, electron beam welding, and laser-arc hybrid...
Abstract
This article provides a comprehensive review and critical assessment of numerical modeling of heat and mass transfer in fusion welding. The different fusion welding processes are gas tungsten arc welding, gas metal arc welding, laser welding, electron beam welding, and laser-arc hybrid welding. The article presents the mathematical equations of mass, momentum, energy, and species conservation. It reviews the applications of heat transfer and fluid flow models for different welding processes. Finally, the article discusses the approaches to improve reliability of, and reduce uncertainty in, numerical models.
Book Chapter
Computational Modeling of Gas Evolution in Sand Molds
Available to PurchaseSeries: ASM Handbook
Volume: 1A
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 31 August 2017
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v01a.a0006298
EISBN: 978-1-62708-179-5
... Abstract Modeling of gas evolution during sand mold castings is one of the most important technical and environmental issues facing the metal casting industry. This article focuses on describing the capability of numerically predicting gas evolution for the furan binder/silica sand system...
Abstract
Modeling of gas evolution during sand mold castings is one of the most important technical and environmental issues facing the metal casting industry. This article focuses on describing the capability of numerically predicting gas evolution for the furan binder/silica sand system. It illustrates numerical modeling to study the gas evolution from furan binder/silica sand mold aggregate for aluminum, cast iron, and steel alloy cast components. The article discusses simulation results and experimental validation for aluminum alloys, cast iron castings, and steel alloys, as well as a parametric study that investigated the effects of various variables. It concludes with information on the application of 3-D modeling methodology to investigate gas emissions in furan binder/silica sand castings for steel 4140 and aluminum A356 alloys.
Book Chapter
Modeling of Hot Isostatic Pressing
Available to PurchaseSeries: ASM Handbook
Volume: 22B
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 November 2010
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v22b.a0005509
EISBN: 978-1-62708-197-9
... with mathematical modeling of HIP. The article presents an example for the modeling process of the HIP. It reviews the numerical modeling and tooling design of a casing component demonstration. casting defects castings hot isostatic pressing tooling design THE MAJOR GOALS FOR HOT ISOSTATIC PRESSING...
Abstract
This article discusses the two major applications of hot isostatic pressing (HIP), such as healing of inherent internal defects in castings and welds, and consolidation of powder materials. It describes the design principles of the HIP tooling, as well as the problems associated with mathematical modeling of HIP. The article presents an example for the modeling process of the HIP. It reviews the numerical modeling and tooling design of a casing component demonstration.
Book Chapter
Modeling of Thermal-Electrical-Mechanical Coupling in Fusion Welding
Available to PurchaseSeries: ASM Handbook
Volume: 6A
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 31 October 2011
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v06a.a0005634
EISBN: 978-1-62708-174-0
... and electrode-sheet interfaces. The distribution can be estimated based on the discretized geometry used for the numerical modeling. The article also details the results obtained from this modeling. contact resistivity distribution couplings discretized geometry electrical-thermal-mechanical analysis...
Abstract
This article outlines a general approach to develop a coupled electrical-thermal-mechanical analysis for the resistance spot welding process. It provides information on the discretization of sheet-electrode geometry and distribution of contact resistivity along the sheet-sheet and electrode-sheet interfaces. The distribution can be estimated based on the discretized geometry used for the numerical modeling. The article also details the results obtained from this modeling.
Book Chapter
Practical Aspects of Converting Ingot to Billet
Available to PurchaseSeries: ASM Handbook
Volume: 14A
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 2005
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v14a.a0003989
EISBN: 978-1-62708-185-6
... Abstract This article describes the presses, transportation equipment, and manufacturing processes associated with cogging. It discusses the practical and metallurgical issues encountered during the conversion of ingot to billet. The article explains the use of numerical modeling as part...
Abstract
This article describes the presses, transportation equipment, and manufacturing processes associated with cogging. It discusses the practical and metallurgical issues encountered during the conversion of ingot to billet. The article explains the use of numerical modeling as part of the continuing efforts to reduce the cost and time associated with developing new cogging sequences, increase the yield, make the processes more robust, and increase the quality of the produced product.
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 14A
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 2005
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v14a.a0009010
EISBN: 978-1-62708-185-6
...-tension test data, which helps to gain information on a number of material parameters and material coefficients. It details the effect of test conditions on flow behavior. The article briefly describes the detailed interpretation of data from the isothermal hot-tension test using numerical model. It also...
Abstract
This article discusses two types of hot-tension tests, namely, the Gleeble test and conventional isothermal hot-tension test, as well as their equipment. It summarizes the data for hot ductility, strength, and hot-tension for commercial alloys. The article presents isothermal hot-tension test data, which helps to gain information on a number of material parameters and material coefficients. It details the effect of test conditions on flow behavior. The article briefly describes the detailed interpretation of data from the isothermal hot-tension test using numerical model. It also explains the cavitation mechanism and failure modes that occur during hot-tension testing.
Image
Published: 01 January 2001
Image
(a) Technical drawing of prismatic specimens made of AISI 4140 (German grad...
Available to Purchase
in Residual Stresses and Distortion in Quenched and Tempered Steels
> Steel Heat Treating Technologies
Published: 30 September 2014
Fig. 24 (a) Technical drawing of prismatic specimens made of AISI 4140 (German grade 42CrMo4) being quenched from a homogeneous temperature of 900 °C (1650 °F) and (b) corresponding distortion calculated via numerical modeling. Source: Ref 63
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Image
Measured and calculated distortion of asymmetrically cut cylinder showing t...
Available to Purchase
in Residual Stresses and Distortion in Quenched and Tempered Steels
> Steel Heat Treating Technologies
Published: 30 September 2014
Fig. 26 Measured and calculated distortion of asymmetrically cut cylinder showing the influence of transformation kinetics for AISI 5120. (a) Distortion measurements along the length of the specimen in comparison to the prediction of the numerical model described in Ref 10 . (b) The same
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Image
Time-optimal control parameters as a function of coil overhang in induction...
Available to Purchase
in Optimal Control of Induction Heating of Metals Prior to Warm and Hot Forming
> Induction Heating and Heat Treatment
Published: 09 June 2014
Fig. 27 Time-optimal control parameters as a function of coil overhang in induction heating of a nonmagnetic cylindrical billet described by a two-dimensional numerical model ( R = 0.24 m, L = 1.0 m, T 0 = 20 °C, T k * = 460 ° C , or 9.45 in., 39.4 in., 68 °F, 860 °F
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Book Chapter
Process Modeling
Available to PurchaseBook: Thermal Spray Technology
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 5A
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 August 2013
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v05a.a0005726
EISBN: 978-1-62708-171-9
... processes and coatings is very well described in the following excerpt from an editorial by Joachim Heberlein and Armelle Vardelle, guest editors of a special issue, “Recent Advances in Modeling and Numerical Simulation of Thermal Spray Processes,” of the Journal of Thermal Spray Technology (JTST) ( Ref 1...
Abstract
A major effort in the development of thermal spray applications has been the improvement of process reliability and predictability in response to process changes. The ability to model a process is a prerequisite to understanding and controlling it. This article provides an overview of thermal spray process modeling, as it applies to the engineering of new thermal spray equipment and coating development.
Book Chapter
Fundamentals of Friction Stir Welding
Available to PurchaseSeries: ASM Handbook
Volume: 6A
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 31 October 2011
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v06a.a0005637
EISBN: 978-1-62708-174-0
... temperature measurements during FSW of various metals. It considers the physical explanation of the heat input during FSW and the possible methods of their estimation. The article presents the experimental results of two analytical models, supplemented by experimental/numerical flow models on material flow...
Abstract
Friction stir welding (FSW) involves plastic deformation at high strain rates and elevated temperatures with resultant microstructural changes leading to joining. This article provides a link between deformation and FSW process parameters and summarizes the results of experimental temperature measurements during FSW of various metals. It considers the physical explanation of the heat input during FSW and the possible methods of their estimation. The article presents the experimental results of two analytical models, supplemented by experimental/numerical flow models on material flow during FSW. The types of defects, processing parameters affecting the generation of these defects, and results of theoretical models and simulations to understand the formation and control of defects during FSW are discussed. The article concludes with information on the microstructure and its distribution produced during FSW.
Book Chapter
Residual Stresses and Distortion in Quenched and Tempered Steels
Available to PurchaseSeries: ASM Handbook
Volume: 4B
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 30 September 2014
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v04b.a0005936
EISBN: 978-1-62708-166-5
... austenite formation as well as possible grain growth due to high temperatures on the transformation behavior. The wide variety of initial microstructures complicates this situation further. Consideration of inhomogeneous austenitization in numerical modeling is presented in Ref 7 and 8 for quenched...
Abstract
In the case of steels, heat treatment plays a fundamental role because no other process step can manipulate the microstructure in order to fulfill such a wide variety of possible in-service conditions. This article addresses heat treatment with regard to hardening and subsequent tempering of steel components in order to optimize tribological properties. It focuses on the heat treatment of tempering and bearing steels and on volume changes that take place due to phase transformations. Plastic deformations that occur due to shrinking and phase transformation are also discussed. The article also describes the generation of thermal, transformation, and hardening residual stresses.
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