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notch sensitivity
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Published: 01 January 2002
Fig. 4 Notch sensitivity versus notch radius for various metals. Approximate values (note shaded band). Not verified for deep notches thickness/radius. Source: Ref 9
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Published: 01 January 1996
Fig. 26 Effect of notch size on fatigue notch sensitivity of steels as a function of hardness (HB)
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Published: 01 January 1996
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Published: 01 January 2003
Fig. 6 Variation of notch sensitivity index with notch radius for steels tested in bending or axial fatigue loading. t , thickness. Source: Ref 38
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Published: 01 January 1996
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Published: 01 January 1996
Fig. 9 The calculated notch sensitivity for a material with long, brittle reinforcements that may fracture as the crack extends
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Published: 01 January 2001
Fig. 1 Notch sensitivity. Effects of hole diameter on the tensile strength of metals, CFCCs ( Ref 2 , 3 ), and polymer-matrix composites (PMCs) ( Ref 4 , 5 ). The data are presented on the basis of the net-section strength, σ N , normalized by the respective unnotched tensile strength, σ 0
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Published: 01 January 2001
Book Chapter
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 1A
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 31 August 2017
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v01a.a0006344
EISBN: 978-1-62708-179-5
... provides information on the classification of gray irons based on ASTM International specification A48/A48M. It discusses the loading effect, surface effect, notch sensitivity, and environmental effect on the mechanical properties of gray iron. The chemical composition ranges of some of the more widely...
Abstract
A wide range of mechanical properties can be obtained with a given composition of cast iron, depending on the microstructural constituents that form during solidification and subsequent solid-state processing. This article discusses the mechanical properties of gray iron and provides some general property comparisons with malleable, ductile (nodular), and compacted graphite irons. The mechanical properties of gray iron are determined by the combined effects of its chemical composition, processing technique in the foundry, and cooling rates during solidification. The article provides information on the classification of gray irons based on ASTM International specification A48/A48M. It discusses the loading effect, surface effect, notch sensitivity, and environmental effect on the mechanical properties of gray iron. The chemical composition ranges of some of the more widely used heat-resistant gray irons suitable for elevated-temperature service are presented in a table.
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Published: 01 December 2008
Fig. 15 Notched and unnotched fatigue properties of an annealed ductile iron with tensile strength of 454 MPa (65.8 ksi). Endurance ratio is 0.41, and notch sensitivity ratio is 1.67. Dimensions given in inches. Source: Ref 23
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Published: 31 August 2017
Fig. 17 Notched and unnotched fatigue properties of an annealed ductile iron with tensile strength of 454 MPa (65.8 ksi). Endurance ratio is 0.41, and notch sensitivity ratio is 1.67. Dimensions given in inches. Source: Ref 24
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Published: 01 January 1997
Fig. 11 Notched bar upset testpieces for IN718 showing the workability sensitivity to deformation temperature. Source: Ref 13
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Book Chapter
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 1A
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 31 August 2017
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v01a.a0006339
EISBN: 978-1-62708-179-5
... toughness is strongly dependent on microstructure (and thus, the grade of ADI). Fatigue When subjected to surface treatments such as rolling, peening, or machining after heat treatment, the fatigue strength of ADI is increased significantly. Austempered ductile iron is moderately notch sensitive...
Abstract
Austempered ductile iron (ADI) results from a specialty heat treatment of ductile cast iron. This article discusses the production of austempered ductile iron by heat treatment. The austempered ductile iron grades, according to ISO 17804 and EN 1564, are presented in a table. For economic reasons, or to avoid metallurgical problems, combinations of alloys are often used to achieve the desired hardenability in austempered ductile iron. The article provides information on the alloy combinations for austempered ductile iron. The mechanical properties, fracture toughness, fatigue, and abrasion resistance of the austempered ductile iron are discussed. The article concludes with information on the applications for austempered ductile iron.
Book: Fatigue and Fracture
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 19
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 1996
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v19.a0002418
EISBN: 978-1-62708-193-1
... nominally brittle materials notch sensitivity strengthening tensile strength toughening toughness models IN MATERIALS that do not develop macroscopic inelastic strain prior to failure, stress concentrations arise at strain intensification sites. The design procedure for such materials requires...
Abstract
The design of structural components with nominally brittle materials is largely determined by their elastic moduli, density, and tensile strength. This article discusses some of the factors involved in the design and reliability through considerations of toughness and ductility of nominally brittle materials. It describes toughening by various bridging mechanisms, as well as process zone effects and their interaction with the bridging rupture zone. The article explains the phenomena that give rise to exceptional toughness and notch-insensitive mechanical behavior. It provides a schematic illustration of a basic cell model to characterize the inelastic strains that occur in ceramic-matrix composites and their dependence on the interface friction.
Book Chapter
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 8
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 2000
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v08.a0003288
EISBN: 978-1-62708-176-4
.... Notched specimens are discussed later in this article. Specimens with round cross sections have threaded ends, except those used at very high temperatures or those of materials that are difficult to machine or display high sensitivity to notches. Specimens with shouldered ends (no threads...
Abstract
This article reviews the basic equipment and methods for creep and creep rupture testing. It begins with a discussion on the creep properties, including stress and temperature dependence, as well as of the extrapolation techniques that permit estimation of the long-term creep and rupture strengths of materials. The article describes the different types of equipment for determination of creep characteristics, including test stands, furnaces, and extensometers. It also discusses the different testing methods for creep rupture: constant-load testing and constant-stress testing. The article presents other testing considerations and concludes with information on stress relaxation testing.
Book: Fatigue and Fracture
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 19
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 1996
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v19.a0002396
EISBN: 978-1-62708-193-1
... strengthening Thermomechanical processing Selective service processing Fatigue resistance is evaluated in terms of: Cyclic stability Resistance to crack initiation and propagation Notch sensitivity General Trends in Cyclic Behavior In this section, the spectrum of properties...
Abstract
This article reviews general trends in the cyclic response for representative commercial alloys to establish the spectrum of cyclic properties attainable through microstructural alteration. Individual alloy classes are examined in detail to assess the understanding of relationships between microstructure and fatigue resistance. These alloys classes include ferritic-pearlitic alloys, martensitic alloys, maraging steels, and metastable austenitic alloys. The article also discusses the role of internal defects and selective surface processing in influencing fatigue performance.
Book: Composites
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 21
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 2001
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v21.a0003400
EISBN: 978-1-62708-195-5
... on hydrostatic stress. Some trends in the degree of damage tolerance, as manifested in the notch sensitivity of strength, are highlighted in Fig. 1 , based on Ref 2 , 3 , 4 , and 5 . Results are presented for the net-section tensile strength, σ N , of open-hole specimens for typical metals, CFCCs...
Abstract
One of the key attributes of continuous fiber-reinforced ceramic composites (CFCCs) is their ability to undergo inelastic straining upon mechanical loading. This article reviews the mechanics of inelastic deformation and fracture of CFCCs, as needed for the development of damage-tolerant failure prediction methodologies for use in engineering design. It outlines a general framework for the description of fracture in structural materials in the presence of notches and cracks. The article describes the common classes of fracture behavior of CFCCs and presents the constitutive laws needed to describe crack-tip inelasticity. It demonstrates the effects of inelasticity on crack-tip stress fields and addresses the environmental degradation effects on damage tolerance.
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 1A
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 31 August 2017
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v01a.a0006317
EISBN: 978-1-62708-179-5
... fatigue strength than ferritic CGI. Table 3 also presents the fatigue strength reduction factor (FSRF), defined as the ratio of the unnotched fatigue strength to the notched fatigue strength. Fatigue and notch-sensitivity data in rotating-bending fatigue Table 3 Fatigue and notch-sensitivity data...
Abstract
According to the ISO 16112 standard for compacted graphite cast irons (CGIs), the graphite particles in CGIs shall be predominantly in the vermicular form when viewed on a two dimensional plane of polish. This article begins with a schematic illustration of compacted graphite microstructures with nodularity. It describes the tensile properties, hardness and compressive properties, and impact properties of CGI. The article concludes with a discussion on the fatigue strength and thermal conductivity of CGI.
Book: Fatigue and Fracture
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 19
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 1996
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v19.a0002398
EISBN: 978-1-62708-193-1
... to 0.50 for smooth bars. The data given in Table 1 indicate that this endurance ratio is largely independent of strength, although the endurance ratio tends to decrease at higher tensile strengths. Fatigue notch sensitivity of several cast and wrought steels (<italic>R</italic>=−1) Table 1...
Abstract
This article summarizes the general fatigue and fracture properties of cast steels, namely, toughness, fatigue, and component design factors such as section size and discontinuities. It describes the various factors that influence fatigue of cast steels. These factors include section size, defect size, stress modes, and waveform types. The article discusses various fracture mechanics in cast steels: cyclic stress-strain behavior and low- and high-cycle fatigue life behavior; plane-stress fracture toughness; plane-strain fracture toughness; constant-amplitude fatigue crack initiation and growth; and variable-amplitude fatigue crack initiation and growth.
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 8
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 2000
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v08.a0003261
EISBN: 978-1-62708-176-4
... in area are dependent on specimen geometry and deformation behavior, and they should not be taken as true material properties. However, reduction in area is the most structure-sensitive ductility parameter, and as such, it is useful in detecting quality changes in the material. Notch Tensile Test...
Abstract
This article focuses on mechanical behavior of materials under conditions of uniaxial tension and compression. The emphasis is on mechanical behavior during the engineering tension test, which is used to provide basic design information on the strength of materials and as an acceptance test for the specification of materials. The article presents mathematical expressions for a flow curve of many metals in the region of uniform plastic deformation. It explains that the rate at which strain is applied to the tension specimen has an important influence on the stress-strain curve. The point of necking at maximum load can be obtained from the true stress-true strain curve by finding the point on the curve having a subtangent of unity. The article concludes with an overview of the ductility measurements performed by notch tensile and compression tests.
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