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Published: 01 January 1996
Fig. 28 Cyclic deformation curves of a normalized steel containing 0.45% C at various stress amplitudes. Source: Ref 153 More
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Published: 01 January 1990
Fig. 7 Ratio (welded to unwelded) of bend angle for normalized steel plate. A high value of the ratio indicates high weldability. Source: Ref 2 More
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Published: 01 January 1990
Fig. 10 Heat-affected zone hardness of conventional (normalized) steel and TMCP steel More
Book Chapter

Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 4A
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 August 2013
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v04a.a0005783
EISBN: 978-1-62708-165-8
... Abstract Normalizing of steel is a heat treating process that is often considered from both thermal processing and microstructural standpoints. In terms of thermal processing, normalizing is defined as heating of a ferrous alloy to a suitable temperature above the transformation range...
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Published: 01 January 2002
Fig. 1 Exposure to vibratory cavitation of normalized AISI 1020 steel. (a) Damage after 5 min. (b) Material removal after 10 min More
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Published: 01 January 1996
Fig. 7 S-N curves ( R = −1) of a normalized and tempered AISI 4140 wrought steel in the longitudinal and transverse direction and cast 4135 steel normalized and tempered. Tensile strength for wrought steel: longitudinal, 110.0 ksi (758 MPa); transverse, 110.7 ksi (763 MPa); cast steel More
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Published: 01 August 2013
Fig. 3 Jominy hardenability of carburized carbon steel. All bars normalized at 925 °C (1700 °F). Core: austenitized 20 min at 925 °C (1700 °F). Case: pack carburized 9 h at 925 °C (1700 °F), direct quenched. Source: Ref 10 More
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Published: 01 August 2013
Fig. 2 1045 steel bar normalized by austenitizing at 1095 °C (2000 °F) and cooling in air. Structure is pearlite (gray) with a network of grain-boundary ferrite (white) and a few side plates of ferrite. Picral etch. Original magnification: 500× More
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Published: 01 October 2014
Fig. 21 End-quench hardenability of carburized 4118 steel. Bars normalized at 925 °C (1700 °F). Core was austenitized for 20 min at 925 °C (1700 °F). Case was pack carburized for 9 h at 925 °C (1700 °F) and direct quenched. Source: Ref 8 More
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Published: 01 December 2004
Fig. 9 Microstructure of a normalized UNS G10080 steel showing unresolved pearlite islands in a ferritic matrix. 4% picral etch. 1000× More
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Published: 15 January 2021
Fig. 13 Experimental erosion map for API X100 steel. Contours of normalized erosion rate, E , are shown in the map. Source: Ref 27 More
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Published: 01 January 2000
Fig. 3 Creep curve of 2.25Cr-1Mo steel with nonclassical early stage. Normalized and tempered to 607 MPa (88 ksi) tensile strength at room temperature. Tested at 482 °C (900 °F) at 275.8 MPa (40 ksi) More
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 4A
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 August 2013
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v04a.a0005815
EISBN: 978-1-62708-165-8
... Abstract Tempering of steel is a process in which hardened or normalized steel is heated to a temperature below the lower critical temperature and cooled at a suitable rate, primarily to increase ductility, toughness, and grain size of the matrix. This article provides an overview...
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Published: 01 December 2008
Fig. 2 Normal expected linear deviation from blueprint dimensions of steel and malleable castings made from green molding sand. Source: Ref 1 More
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Published: 01 August 2013
Fig. 3 ASTM A27 steel, grade 70-36 (0.26 C, 0.71 Mn), 150 mm (6 in.) thick, normalized by austenitizing at 900 °C (1650 °F) for 6 h and air cooling. The microstructure consists of lamellar pearlite (gray and black) and ferrite (white). Nital etch. Original magnification: 250× More
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Published: 01 December 2004
Fig. 7 Carbide appearance with nital and picral etchants. (a) 9310 steel normalized by austenitizing 2 h at 885 °C (1625 °F) and cooled slowly in the furnace. Structure consists of scattered carbide particles (dark) in a ferrite matrix (light). 3% nital etch. 500×. (b) Same steel More
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Published: 31 December 2017
Fig. 16 Percentage of seizure versus normal force for various steels. Source: Ref 12 More
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Published: 30 August 2021
Fig. 24 Sensitization of austenitic stainless steel. (a) Normal distribution of carbides. Original magnification: 100×. (b) Sensitized as carbides precipitated in grain boundaries on cooling from 1040 °C (1900 °F) More
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Published: 01 January 1993
by these curves are based on experience with cast steel as well as annealed and normalized steels at stress levels defined by the ASME code, section VIII, division I. Lines represent the upper limit of conditions for acceptable use of the alloy steel. Source: Ref 3 More
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Published: 01 January 1990
Fig. 25 Impact transition curves as a function of carbon content in normalized steels. Increase in ductile-to-brittle transition temperatures with increasing carbon content is due to increasing amounts of pearlite. Source: Ref 1 More