Search Results for non-metals

This article describes the selection of materials for the production and handling equipment of concentrated sulfuric acid, depending on factors such as the allowable corrosion rate, desired mechanical and physical properties, fabrication requirements, availability, and cost. Materials such as carbon steel, cast irons, austenitic stainless steels, higher austenitic stainless steels, higher chromium Fe-Ni-Mo alloys, nickel-base alloys, non-metals, and specific other metals and alloys are also discussed.

This article provides the corrosion data for materials in hydrofluoric acid (HF) and anhydrous hydrogen fluoride (AHF). These materials include carbon and low-alloy steels, austenitic stainless steels, nickel-rich austenitic stainless steels, nickel and nickel-base alloys, copper alloys, precious metals, and non-metals. The article also discusses the hydrogen blistering and stress-corrosion cracking of carbon steels in high-temperature HF and AHF.

This article represents the periodic table of elements, which is the tabular arrangement of the chemical elements, including metals and nonmetals with their atomic number and symbols.

This article describes the high-temperature solid-state welding process used to join members of similar or dissimilar materials by three stages, namely, primary bonding, bond-surface extension, and elimination of the original joining surface. It lists the various advantages and disadvantages of the high-temperature solid-state welding process. The article discusses important process parameters for high-temperature solid-state welding, such as temperature, pressure, welding time, and welding atmosphere. It concludes with information on the application of the process in the fields of aerospace and nuclear engineering.

This article reviews many commonly used stereological counting measurements and the relationships based on these parameters. The discussion covers the processes involved in sampling and specimen preparation. Quantitative microstructural measurements are described including volume fraction, number per unit area, intersections and intercepts per unit length, grain size, and inclusion content.

This article describes some of the underlying factors of tool steel and bearing steel fractures and appearances. It also briefly introduces the general types of cold work and hot work tool steels and their typical performance requirements. This includes the importance of microstructural conditions achieved with powder metallurgy (PM) tool steels and the need for steel “cleanliness,” especially in preventing contact fatigue in bearings or bending fatigue in gears.

Weldability is a function of three major factors: base material quality, welding process, and design. This article focuses on base-metal weldability of aluminum alloys in terms of mechanical property degradation in both the weld region and heat-affected zone, weld porosity, and susceptibility to solidification cracking and liquation cracking. It provides an overview on welding processes, including gas metal arc welding, gas tungsten arc welding, resistance spot and seam welding, laser beam welding, and various solid-state welding processes. A review on joint design is also included, mainly in the general factors associated with service weldability (fitness). The article also provides a discussion on the selection and weldability of non-heat-treatable aluminum alloys, heat treatable aluminum alloys, aluminum-lithium alloys, and aluminum metal-matrix composites.

Non-heat-treatable aluminum alloys constitute a group of alloys that rely solely upon cold work and solid solution strengthening for their strength properties. This article focuses on the weldability and weld properties of different classes on non-heat-treatable aluminum alloys.

Bending is a common metalworking operation to create localized deformation in sheets (or blanks), plates, sections, tubes, and wires. This article emphasizes on the bending of sheet metal along with some coverage on flanging. It informs that variations in the bending stresses cause springback after bending, and discusses the variables and their effects on springback, as well as the methods to overcome or counteract them. These methods include overbending, bottoming or setting, and stretch bending. The article provides information on elastic bending, non-cylindrical bending, elastic-plastic bending, and pure plastic bending. Sheet metal bendability is a critical factor in many forming operations. The article illustrates the derivation of two relevant bend-ductility equations.

Reinforcing fibers are a key component of polymer-matrix composites (PMCs), ceramic-matrix composites (CMCs), and metal-matrix composites (MMCs). This article discusses the mechanical and nonmechanical properties of these composites. It presents an overview of PMC, CMC, and MMC reinforcing fibers. The article describes cost-considered value-in-use of the ultimate-use temperature of selected fibers in three fiber categories: metal fibers or wires, oxide ceramic fibers, and non-oxide ceramic fibers.

This article is a brief guide to information sources on thermal spray technology. The sources provided by ASM International and the Thermal Spray Society (TSS) include magazines and journals as well as reference books, including the ASM Handbook series, conference proceedings, newsletters, education courses, and videos. The article provides information on the specifications, standards, and quality control for coatings.

Aluminum, a commonly used base material for brazing, can be easily fabricated by most manufacturing methods, such as machining, forming, and stamping. This article outlines non-heat-treatable wrought alloys typically used as base metals for the brazing process. It highlights chloride-active and fluoride-active types of fluxes that are used for torch, furnace, or dip brazing processes. The article explains the steps to be performed, including the designing of joints, preblaze cleaning, assembling, brazing techniques (dip brazing, furnace and torch brazing, fluxless vacuum brazing), flux removal techniques, and postbraze heat treatment processes. It concludes with information on the safety precautions to be followed during the brazing process.

This article provides an overview of key metallurgy, properties, and applications of the non-heat-treatable 5xxx series of aluminum alloys. It also shows the relationships between some of the more commonly used alloys in the 5xxx series.

Cold pressure welding can be accomplished by deforming in a lap or butt configuration, drawing, extrusion, and rolling. This article provides a discussion on cold pressure lap welding, cold pressure butt welding and cold pressure welding in drawing process with illustrations. It provides information on the combinations of metals that can be successfully cold welded.

Brazing technology is continually advancing for a variety of metals including aluminum and its alloys and nonmetals. This article discusses the key physical phenomena in aluminum brazing and the materials for aluminum brazing, including base metals, filler metals, brazing sheet, and brazing flux. It describes various aluminum brazing methods, such as furnace, vacuum, dip, and torch brazing. Friction, flow, induction, resistance, and diffusion brazing are some alternate brazing methods discussed. The article reviews the brazing of aluminum to ferrous alloys, aluminum to copper, and aluminum to other nonferrous metals. It also discusses post-braze processes in terms of post-braze heat treatment and finishing. The article concludes with information on the safety precautions considered in brazing aluminum alloys.