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Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 13C
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 2006
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v13c.a0004178
EISBN: 978-1-62708-184-9
... such as carbon steel, cast irons, austenitic stainless steels, higher austenitic stainless steels, higher chromium Fe-Ni-Mo alloys, nickel-base alloys, non-metals, and specific other metals and alloys are also discussed. carbon steel mechanical properties physical properties austenitic stainless steels...
Abstract
This article describes the selection of materials for the production and handling equipment of concentrated sulfuric acid, depending on factors such as the allowable corrosion rate, desired mechanical and physical properties, fabrication requirements, availability, and cost. Materials such as carbon steel, cast irons, austenitic stainless steels, higher austenitic stainless steels, higher chromium Fe-Ni-Mo alloys, nickel-base alloys, non-metals, and specific other metals and alloys are also discussed.
Book Chapter
Corrosion by Hydrogen Fluoride and Hydrofluoric Acid
Available to PurchaseSeries: ASM Handbook
Volume: 13C
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 2006
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v13c.a0004182
EISBN: 978-1-62708-184-9
... alloys, precious metals, and non-metals. The article also discusses the hydrogen blistering and stress-corrosion cracking of carbon steels in high-temperature HF and AHF. low-alloy steel carbon steel austenitic stainless steel nickel-rich austenitic stainless steel copper alloys corrosion...
Abstract
This article provides the corrosion data for materials in hydrofluoric acid (HF) and anhydrous hydrogen fluoride (AHF). These materials include carbon and low-alloy steels, austenitic stainless steels, nickel-rich austenitic stainless steels, nickel and nickel-base alloys, copper alloys, precious metals, and non-metals. The article also discusses the hydrogen blistering and stress-corrosion cracking of carbon steels in high-temperature HF and AHF.
Book Chapter
Periodic Table of the Elements
Available to PurchaseSeries: ASM Handbook
Volume: 2
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 1990
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v02.a0001116
EISBN: 978-1-62708-162-7
... Abstract This article represents the periodic table of elements, which is the tabular arrangement of the chemical elements, including metals and nonmetals with their atomic number and symbols. atomic number chemical elements metals non-metals periodic table Fig. 1 Periodic...
Abstract
This article represents the periodic table of elements, which is the tabular arrangement of the chemical elements, including metals and nonmetals with their atomic number and symbols.
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 6
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 1993
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v06.a0001374
EISBN: 978-1-62708-173-3
...-temperature materials, anisotropic materials, and fiber-reinforced materials. Fig. 4 Aluminum-stainless steel joints Selected References Selected References • Bachin V.A. and Tsiolkovsky K.E. , “Diffusion Welding Metals Versus Non-metals,” DVS Report 148, DVS-Verlag...
Abstract
This article describes the high-temperature solid-state welding process used to join members of similar or dissimilar materials by three stages, namely, primary bonding, bond-surface extension, and elimination of the original joining surface. It lists the various advantages and disadvantages of the high-temperature solid-state welding process. The article discusses important process parameters for high-temperature solid-state welding, such as temperature, pressure, welding time, and welding atmosphere. It concludes with information on the application of the process in the fields of aerospace and nuclear engineering.
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 10
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 15 December 2019
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v10.a0006682
EISBN: 978-1-62708-213-6
... testing using ASTM E 1245, “Standard Practice for Determining the Inclusion or Second-Phase Constituent Content of Metals by Automatic Image Analysis,” characterization was markedly improved by the use of at least 18 or 27 specimens per heat where the subsurface, midradius, and center locations at each...
Abstract
This article reviews many commonly used stereological counting measurements and the relationships based on these parameters. The discussion covers the processes involved in sampling and specimen preparation. Quantitative microstructural measurements are described including volume fraction, number per unit area, intersections and intercepts per unit length, grain size, and inclusion content.
Book Chapter
Fracture and Fractography of Tool Steels and Bearing Steels
Available to PurchaseBook: Fractography
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 12
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 June 2024
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v12.a0007029
EISBN: 978-1-62708-387-4
..., and in some cases non-metals such as machinable ceramics and polymers. Many of these steel alloys can also be used in non-cutting applications that require high temperature stability and high levels of wear resistance, strength, and toughness. Their chemical compositions have been carefully balanced so...
Abstract
This article describes some of the underlying factors of tool steel and bearing steel fractures and appearances. It also briefly introduces the general types of cold work and hot work tool steels and their typical performance requirements. This includes the importance of microstructural conditions achieved with powder metallurgy (PM) tool steels and the need for steel “cleanliness,” especially in preventing contact fatigue in bearings or bending fatigue in gears.
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 2A
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 30 November 2018
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v02a.a0006510
EISBN: 978-1-62708-207-5
..., mainly in the general factors associated with service weldability (fitness). The article also provides a discussion on the selection and weldability of non-heat-treatable aluminum alloys, heat treatable aluminum alloys, aluminum-lithium alloys, and aluminum metal-matrix composites. aluminum alloys...
Abstract
Weldability is a function of three major factors: base material quality, welding process, and design. This article focuses on base-metal weldability of aluminum alloys in terms of mechanical property degradation in both the weld region and heat-affected zone, weld porosity, and susceptibility to solidification cracking and liquation cracking. It provides an overview on welding processes, including gas metal arc welding, gas tungsten arc welding, resistance spot and seam welding, laser beam welding, and various solid-state welding processes. A review on joint design is also included, mainly in the general factors associated with service weldability (fitness). The article also provides a discussion on the selection and weldability of non-heat-treatable aluminum alloys, heat treatable aluminum alloys, aluminum-lithium alloys, and aluminum metal-matrix composites.
Book Chapter
Selection and Weldability of Non-Heat-Treatable Aluminum Alloys
Available to PurchaseSeries: ASM Handbook
Volume: 6
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 1993
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v06.a0001418
EISBN: 978-1-62708-173-3
.... Thus, a 1 xxx filler alloy is recommended for joining 1 xxx - or 3 xxx -series base metal alloys. Similarly, 5 xxx filler alloys are used to join 5 xxx -series base metal alloys. An exception to this rule is encountered when weldability becomes an issue. Weldability of non-heat-treatable aluminum...
Abstract
Non-heat-treatable aluminum alloys constitute a group of alloys that rely solely upon cold work and solid solution strengthening for their strength properties. This article focuses on the weldability and weld properties of different classes on non-heat-treatable aluminum alloys.
Book Chapter
Bending of Sheet Metal
Available to PurchaseSeries: ASM Handbook
Volume: 14B
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 2006
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v14b.a0005161
EISBN: 978-1-62708-186-3
...-plastic bending, and pure plastic bending. Sheet metal bendability is a critical factor in many forming operations. The article illustrates the derivation of two relevant bend-ductility equations. bendability bending bending stress elastic bending elastic-plastic bending flanging non...
Abstract
Bending is a common metalworking operation to create localized deformation in sheets (or blanks), plates, sections, tubes, and wires. This article emphasizes on the bending of sheet metal along with some coverage on flanging. It informs that variations in the bending stresses cause springback after bending, and discusses the variables and their effects on springback, as well as the methods to overcome or counteract them. These methods include overbending, bottoming or setting, and stretch bending. The article provides information on elastic bending, non-cylindrical bending, elastic-plastic bending, and pure plastic bending. Sheet metal bendability is a critical factor in many forming operations. The article illustrates the derivation of two relevant bend-ductility equations.
Book: Composites
Series: ASM Handbook Archive
Volume: 21
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 2001
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v21.a0003352
EISBN: 978-1-62708-195-5
... reinforcing fibers. The article describes cost-considered value-in-use of the ultimate-use temperature of selected fibers in three fiber categories: metal fibers or wires, oxide ceramic fibers, and non-oxide ceramic fibers. reinforcing fibers polymer-matrix composites ceramic-matrix composites metal...
Abstract
Reinforcing fibers are a key component of polymer-matrix composites (PMCs), ceramic-matrix composites (CMCs), and metal-matrix composites (MMCs). This article discusses the mechanical and nonmechanical properties of these composites. It presents an overview of PMC, CMC, and MMC reinforcing fibers. The article describes cost-considered value-in-use of the ultimate-use temperature of selected fibers in three fiber categories: metal fibers or wires, oxide ceramic fibers, and non-oxide ceramic fibers.
Book: Thermal Spray Technology
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 5A
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 August 2013
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v05a.a0005747
EISBN: 978-1-62708-171-9
...) standards applicable to thermal spraying Designation Publication date Title DVS technical bulletins 2301 Feb 2009 “Thermal Spray Processes for Metallic and Non-Metallic Materials” 2302 Sept 2011 “Corrosion Protection of Steel and Cast Iron Materials by Thermal Spray Coatings” 2303...
Abstract
This article is a brief guide to information sources on thermal spray technology. The sources provided by ASM International and the Thermal Spray Society (TSS) include magazines and journals as well as reference books, including the ASM Handbook series, conference proceedings, newsletters, education courses, and videos. The article provides information on the specifications, standards, and quality control for coatings.
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 6
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 1993
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v06.a0001455
EISBN: 978-1-62708-173-3
... Abstract Aluminum, a commonly used base material for brazing, can be easily fabricated by most manufacturing methods, such as machining, forming, and stamping. This article outlines non-heat-treatable wrought alloys typically used as base metals for the brazing process. It highlights chloride...
Abstract
Aluminum, a commonly used base material for brazing, can be easily fabricated by most manufacturing methods, such as machining, forming, and stamping. This article outlines non-heat-treatable wrought alloys typically used as base metals for the brazing process. It highlights chloride-active and fluoride-active types of fluxes that are used for torch, furnace, or dip brazing processes. The article explains the steps to be performed, including the designing of joints, preblaze cleaning, assembling, brazing techniques (dip brazing, furnace and torch brazing, fluxless vacuum brazing), flux removal techniques, and postbraze heat treatment processes. It concludes with information on the safety precautions to be followed during the brazing process.
Image
Microstructure obtained in selected regions of the traverse section of the ...
Available to PurchasePublished: 01 January 1993
Fig. 9 Microstructure obtained in selected regions of the traverse section of the X-65 pipe steel of Fig. 8 . (a) Non-reheated weld metal. (b) Reheated weld metal. (c) Heat-affected zone. All 250×
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Book Chapter
5 xxx Aluminum Alloy Datasheets
Available to PurchaseSeries: ASM Handbook
Volume: 2B
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 15 June 2019
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v02b.a0006707
EISBN: 978-1-62708-210-5
... Abstract This article provides an overview of key metallurgy, properties, and applications of the non-heat-treatable 5xxx series of aluminum alloys. It also shows the relationships between some of the more commonly used alloys in the 5xxx series. 5xxx series aluminum alloys datasheets...
Abstract
This article provides an overview of key metallurgy, properties, and applications of the non-heat-treatable 5xxx series of aluminum alloys. It also shows the relationships between some of the more commonly used alloys in the 5xxx series.
Image
Filling simulations performed using ProCast software. Courtesy of General R...
Available to PurchasePublished: 30 November 2018
Fig. 16 Filling simulations performed using ProCast software. Courtesy of General Research Institute for Non-Ferrous Metals (GRINM), Beijing, China
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Image
Non-steady-state diffusion. Oxygen distribution during its diffusion into t...
Available to PurchasePublished: 01 January 2003
Fig. 6 Non-steady-state diffusion. Oxygen distribution during its diffusion into the semi-infinite plate. C M , concentration at metal/oxide interface; C 0 , initial concentration
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Image
Partial filling of a turbocharger impeller die, showing the highly viscous ...
Available to PurchasePublished: 30 November 2018
Fig. 12 Partial filling of a turbocharger impeller die, showing the highly viscous nature of the flow. (a) Filling the runner. (b) Filling of the turbocharger cavity. Courtesy of General Research Institute for Non-Ferrous Metals (GRINM), Beijing, China
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Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 6
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 1993
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v06.a0001378
EISBN: 978-1-62708-173-3
... References References 1. Kreye H. and Thomas K. , Electron-Microscopical Tests and the Bonding Mechanism of Cold Pressure Welding , Weld. Cutting , Vol 29 , 1977 , p 249 – 252 2. Pries H. , Tests on the Bonding Mechanism of Welding Metals to Non-Metals in Ultra-high...
Abstract
Cold pressure welding can be accomplished by deforming in a lap or butt configuration, drawing, extrusion, and rolling. This article provides a discussion on cold pressure lap welding, cold pressure butt welding and cold pressure welding in drawing process with illustrations. It provides information on the combinations of metals that can be successfully cold welded.
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 2A
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 30 November 2018
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v02a.a0006529
EISBN: 978-1-62708-207-5
... harming the underlying substrate metal. Typically, the use of a flux tightly controls the hot-zone environment, achieved by heating parts being brazed inside a hot zone under a non-oxidizing atmosphere; e.g., high purity nitrogen. Aluminum filler metals used for brazing aluminum alloys have liquidus...
Abstract
Brazing technology is continually advancing for a variety of metals including aluminum and its alloys and nonmetals. This article discusses the key physical phenomena in aluminum brazing and the materials for aluminum brazing, including base metals, filler metals, brazing sheet, and brazing flux. It describes various aluminum brazing methods, such as furnace, vacuum, dip, and torch brazing. Friction, flow, induction, resistance, and diffusion brazing are some alternate brazing methods discussed. The article reviews the brazing of aluminum to ferrous alloys, aluminum to copper, and aluminum to other nonferrous metals. It also discusses post-braze processes in terms of post-braze heat treatment and finishing. The article concludes with information on the safety precautions considered in brazing aluminum alloys.
Image
in Mechanical Properties of Soft-Interlayer Solid-State Welds[1]
> Welding Fundamentals and Processes
Published: 31 October 2011
Fig. 3 Finite-element method analysis of the effect of t / d on the radial stress distribution at the center plane for silver interlayer welds between non-plastically deforming base metals at a fixed applied tensile stress. (a) Predictions of Eq 1 are given by dashed lines. (b) The stress
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