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Book Chapter

By H.-J. Spies, Anke Dalke
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 4E
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 June 2016
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v04e.a0006273
EISBN: 978-1-62708-169-6
... Abstract Aluminum and its alloys are characterized by their low hardness and less satisfactory tribological performance. These limits can be overcome by means of load-specific surface engineering. This article provides information on the structure and properties of nitrided layers...
Book Chapter

By Edward Roliński
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 4E
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 June 2016
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v04e.a0006269
EISBN: 978-1-62708-169-6
... Abstract This article describes the nitriding methods of titanium alloys such as plasma nitriding and gas nitriding. It focuses on the interaction of titanium alloys, interaction of titanium with nitrogen, and the interaction of titanium with oxygen, carbon, and hydrogen. The article provides...
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 4D
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 October 2014
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v04d.a0005977
EISBN: 978-1-62708-168-9
... of an effective protective passive layer in stainless steels. It discusses hardness, fatigue and fretting properties, tribological properties, wear resistance, and corrosion-wear process of the S-phase layer. The article describes two thermochemical nitriding techniques of stainless steels: plasma-assisted...
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 4D
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 October 2014
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v04d.a0005986
EISBN: 978-1-62708-168-9
... Abstract Nitriding is a general term for all processes based on the addition of nitrogen to the surface of steel. When carbon is added along with the nitrogen, the process is called nitrocarburizing.  This article provides a detailed discussion on the functional and structural properties...
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 4A
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 August 2013
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v04a.a0005791
EISBN: 978-1-62708-165-8
... Abstract Plasma (ion) nitriding is a method of surface hardening using glow-discharge technology to introduce nascent (elemental) nitrogen to the surface of a metal part for subsequent diffusion into the material. This article describes the procedures and applications of plasma nitriding...
Book Chapter

By George Pantazopoulos
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 4A
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 August 2013
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v04a.a0005776
EISBN: 978-1-62708-165-8
... Abstract The liquid nitriding process has several proprietary modifications and is applied to a wide variety of carbon steels, low-alloy steels, tool steels, stainless steels, and cast irons. This article discusses the applications, subclassifications, operating procedures, and maintenance...
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 4A
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 August 2013
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v04a.a0005818
EISBN: 978-1-62708-165-8
... Abstract The nitriding process typically involves the introduction of nitrogen into the surface-adjacent zone of a component, usually at a temperature between 500 and 580 deg C. This article provides an overview of the essential aspects of the thermodynamics and kinetics of nitriding...
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 4A
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 August 2013
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v04a.a0005806
EISBN: 978-1-62708-165-8
... Abstract This article summarizes the terminology for gas reactions, and discusses low-temperature nitriding and nitrocarburizing of stainless steels. It describes the various nitriding processes, namely, high- and low-pressure nitriding, oxynitriding, sulfonitriding, oxysulfonitriding, ferritic...
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 5
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 1994
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v05.a0007039
EISBN: 978-1-62708-170-2
... Abstract Sputtering is a nonthermal vaporization process in which atoms are ejected from the surface of a solid by momentum transfer from energetic particles of atomic or molecular size. Ionized gases in plasma nitriding chambers often possess enough energy to sputter atoms from workload...
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Published: 01 October 2014
Fig. 9 Layer thickness vs. plasma nitriding temperature for AISI 316, 304, and 321 stainless steels. Source: Ref 9 More
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Published: 01 October 2014
Fig. 21 Lost wear volume. Plasma nitriding (PN) at 400 °C (750 °F), plasma carburizing (PC) at 450 °C (840 °F), and plasma nitrocarburizing (PNC) at 400 and 450 °C. Source: Ref 16 More
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Published: 01 October 2014
Fig. 32 Schematic of plasma nitriding and nitrocarburizing equipment. 1 and 2, gas introduction; 3, thermocouple; 4, cathode; 5, pressure sensor; 6 to 8, needle valve; 9, diaphragm valve; 10, solenoid; 11, vacuum pump; 12, sample holder; 13, sample; 14, anode; 15, sealing ring; 16, stainless More
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Published: 01 October 2014
Fig. 33 Industrial plasma nitriding installation. Chamber dimensions are 0.9 m (3 ft) in diameter, 1.6 m (5.2 ft) high, with a charge up to 2000 kg (4400 lb). Courtesy of ISOFLAMA Co. More
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Published: 01 October 2014
Fig. 34 Examples of loaded chambers prior to the nitriding operation. Note the possibility of treating different geometries in the same batch. Courtesy of ISOFLAMA Co. More
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Published: 01 October 2014
Fig. 39 Reactor used to perform gas nitriding. 1, muffle furnace; 2, outer shell; 3, heater; 4, internal container (retort); 5, gas inlet pipe; 6, exhaust pipe; 7, motor; 8, fan; 9, metal-made jig; 10, gas guide cylinder; 11, inverted funnel; 12, vacuum pump; 13, effluent gas combustion More
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Published: 01 October 2014
Fig. 40 Atomic concentration of nitrogen as a function of nitriding potential (K n ) and depth. Source: Ref 50 More
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Published: 01 October 2014
Fig. 8 Thermogravimetric uptake curves for nitriding of AISI 316 at 445 °C (830 °F) in different NH 3 -H 2 gas mixtures. Nitriding potentials are indicated in the figure. Source: Ref 81 More
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Published: 01 October 2014
Fig. 17 Hardness-depth profiles after nitriding (solid lines) and nitrocarburizing (dash-dot lines) for 16 h of 100 μm strip 7C27Mo2 (molybdenum-modified AISI 420) at the temperatures indicated. Hardness profiles were fitted assuming a sigmoidal function. Source: Ref 86 More
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Published: 01 October 2014
Fig. 18 Nitriding of a superduplex SAF 2507 stainless steel (435 °C, or 815 °F/17 h/100% NH 3 ; nickel activation). Source: Ref 53 More
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Published: 30 September 2014
Fig. 27 Schematic showing basic elements of an ion-nitriding system. High-kinetic-energy nitrogen-ion bombardment on the workpiece surface is indicated by blue-white glow discharge around the components. More