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Published: 01 August 2013
Fig. 17 Scanning electron microscope images of the nucleation of iron nitrides on a part surface after (a) 1 min and (b) 3 min at a nitriding temperature of 575 °C (1065 °F). Courtesy of IWT Bremen, Germany More
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Published: 01 December 2004
Fig. 57 Microstructure of 17-7 PH stainless steel (193 HV). (a) Nitrides viewed on an as-polished surface. (b) Delta-ferrite and martensitic matrix in specimen shown in (a). Etched with Vilella's reagent. (c) Delta-ferrite stringers and martensitic matrix of a different specimen. Etched More
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Published: 01 January 1989
Fig. 9 Titanium nitrides (E) in UNS G10600 steel microalloyed with titanium and vanadium. Unetched. 270× More
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Published: 01 January 2005
Fig. 9 Solubilities of carbides, nitrides, and carbonitrides. (a) Versus temperature. (b) Versus inverse temperature. Source: Ref 14 More
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Published: 31 October 2011
Fig. 12 Solubility products of carbides and nitrides in austenite. Adapted from Ref 17 More
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Published: 01 January 2003
Fig. 5 Isothermal precipitation kinetics for carbides, nitrides, σ/χ, and α′ phases in ferritic alloys containing 26% Cr, 1–4% Mo, and 0–4% Ni. Source: Ref 39 More
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Published: 01 January 2002
Fig. 20 Light micrograph illustrating “comet tails” emanating from hard nitrides on the surface of a prepared specimen of H13 tool steel. The specimen is unetched and viewed with Nomarski DIC. More
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Published: 15 January 2021
Fig. 12 Light micrograph illustrating “comet tails” emanating from hard nitrides on the surface of a prepared specimen of H13 tool steel. The specimen is unetched and viewed with Nomarski differential interference contrast. More
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Published: 01 January 1993
Fig. 8 Solubility products of carbides and nitrides as a function of temperature. Source: Ref 15 More
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 4D
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 October 2014
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v04d.a0005986
EISBN: 978-1-62708-168-9
... Abstract Nitriding is a general term for all processes based on the addition of nitrogen to the surface of steel. When carbon is added along with the nitrogen, the process is called nitrocarburizing.  This article provides a detailed discussion on the functional and structural properties...
Book Chapter

By George Pantazopoulos
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 4A
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 August 2013
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v04a.a0005776
EISBN: 978-1-62708-165-8
... Abstract The liquid nitriding process has several proprietary modifications and is applied to a wide variety of carbon steels, low-alloy steels, tool steels, stainless steels, and cast irons. This article discusses the applications, subclassifications, operating procedures, and maintenance...
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 4A
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 August 2013
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v04a.a0005818
EISBN: 978-1-62708-165-8
... Abstract The nitriding process typically involves the introduction of nitrogen into the surface-adjacent zone of a component, usually at a temperature between 500 and 580 deg C. This article provides an overview of the essential aspects of the thermodynamics and kinetics of nitriding...
Book Chapter

By Edward Roliński
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 4E
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 June 2016
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v04e.a0006269
EISBN: 978-1-62708-169-6
... Abstract This article describes the nitriding methods of titanium alloys such as plasma nitriding and gas nitriding. It focuses on the interaction of titanium alloys, interaction of titanium with nitrogen, and the interaction of titanium with oxygen, carbon, and hydrogen. The article provides...
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 4D
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 October 2014
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v04d.a0005977
EISBN: 978-1-62708-168-9
... of an effective protective passive layer in stainless steels. It discusses hardness, fatigue and fretting properties, tribological properties, wear resistance, and corrosion-wear process of the S-phase layer. The article describes two thermochemical nitriding techniques of stainless steels: plasma-assisted...
Book Chapter

By H.-J. Spies, Anke Dalke
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 4E
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 June 2016
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v04e.a0006273
EISBN: 978-1-62708-169-6
... Abstract Aluminum and its alloys are characterized by their low hardness and less satisfactory tribological performance. These limits can be overcome by means of load-specific surface engineering. This article provides information on the structure and properties of nitrided layers...
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 18
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 31 December 2017
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v18.a0006355
EISBN: 978-1-62708-192-4
... Abstract The surface of irons and steels can be hardened by introducing nitrogen (nitriding), nitrogen and carbon (nitrocarburizing), or nitrogen and sulfur (sulfonitriding) into the surface. This article lists the principal reasons for nitriding and nitrocarburizing, and summarizes the typical...
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 4A
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 August 2013
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v04a.a0005791
EISBN: 978-1-62708-165-8
... Abstract Plasma (ion) nitriding is a method of surface hardening using glow-discharge technology to introduce nascent (elemental) nitrogen to the surface of a metal part for subsequent diffusion into the material. This article describes the procedures and applications of plasma nitriding...
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 4A
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 August 2013
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v04a.a0005806
EISBN: 978-1-62708-165-8
... Abstract This article summarizes the terminology for gas reactions, and discusses low-temperature nitriding and nitrocarburizing of stainless steels. It describes the various nitriding processes, namely, high- and low-pressure nitriding, oxynitriding, sulfonitriding, oxysulfonitriding, ferritic...
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Published: 01 January 1994
Fig. 7 Relative wear rates of nitrided and non-nitrided tool steels and maraging steels used in extrusion forging More
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Published: 01 August 2013
Fig. 1 Nitriding response of two steels contaminated by cutting oil and nitrided for 4 h at 520 °C (970 °F) with a nitriding potential of 10. Contaminated surfaces are pretreated at between 300 and 400 °C (570 and 750 °F) (preoxidation in air, followed by treatment in nitrogen or a mixture More