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Image
Scanning electron microscope images of the nucleation of iron nitrides on a...
Available to Purchase
in Gas Nitriding and Gas Nitrocarburizing of Steels
> Steel Heat Treating Fundamentals and Processes
Published: 01 August 2013
Fig. 17 Scanning electron microscope images of the nucleation of iron nitrides on a part surface after (a) 1 min and (b) 3 min at a nitriding temperature of 575 °C (1065 °F). Courtesy of IWT Bremen, Germany
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Microstructure of 17-7 PH stainless steel (193 HV). (a) Nitrides viewed on ...
Available to Purchase
in Metallography and Microstructures of Stainless Steels and Maraging Steels[1]
> Metallography and Microstructures
Published: 01 December 2004
Fig. 57 Microstructure of 17-7 PH stainless steel (193 HV). (a) Nitrides viewed on an as-polished surface. (b) Delta-ferrite and martensitic matrix in specimen shown in (a). Etched with Vilella's reagent. (c) Delta-ferrite stringers and martensitic matrix of a different specimen. Etched
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Titanium nitrides (E) in UNS G10600 steel microalloyed with titanium and va...
Available to PurchasePublished: 01 January 1989
Fig. 9 Titanium nitrides (E) in UNS G10600 steel microalloyed with titanium and vanadium. Unetched. 270×
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Solubilities of carbides, nitrides, and carbonitrides. (a) Versus temperatu...
Available to PurchasePublished: 01 January 2005
Fig. 9 Solubilities of carbides, nitrides, and carbonitrides. (a) Versus temperature. (b) Versus inverse temperature. Source: Ref 14
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Published: 31 October 2011
Fig. 12 Solubility products of carbides and nitrides in austenite. Adapted from Ref 17
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Isothermal precipitation kinetics for carbides, nitrides, σ/χ, and α′ phase...
Available to Purchase
in Effects of Metallurgical Variables on the Corrosion of Stainless Steels
> Corrosion: Fundamentals, Testing, and Protection
Published: 01 January 2003
Fig. 5 Isothermal precipitation kinetics for carbides, nitrides, σ/χ, and α′ phases in ferritic alloys containing 26% Cr, 1–4% Mo, and 0–4% Ni. Source: Ref 39
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Light micrograph illustrating “comet tails” emanating from hard nitrides on...
Available to PurchasePublished: 01 January 2002
Fig. 20 Light micrograph illustrating “comet tails” emanating from hard nitrides on the surface of a prepared specimen of H13 tool steel. The specimen is unetched and viewed with Nomarski DIC.
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Light micrograph illustrating “comet tails” emanating from hard nitrides on...
Available to PurchasePublished: 15 January 2021
Fig. 12 Light micrograph illustrating “comet tails” emanating from hard nitrides on the surface of a prepared specimen of H13 tool steel. The specimen is unetched and viewed with Nomarski differential interference contrast.
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Solubility products of carbides and nitrides as a function of temperature. ...
Available to PurchasePublished: 01 January 1993
Fig. 8 Solubility products of carbides and nitrides as a function of temperature. Source: Ref 15
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Book Chapter
Nitriding Structure and Properties of Nitrided Layers
Available to PurchaseSeries: ASM Handbook
Volume: 4D
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 October 2014
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v04d.a0005986
EISBN: 978-1-62708-168-9
... Abstract Nitriding is a general term for all processes based on the addition of nitrogen to the surface of steel. When carbon is added along with the nitrogen, the process is called nitrocarburizing. This article provides a detailed discussion on the functional and structural properties...
Abstract
Nitriding is a general term for all processes based on the addition of nitrogen to the surface of steel. When carbon is added along with the nitrogen, the process is called nitrocarburizing. This article provides a detailed discussion on the functional and structural properties of nitrided layers. It describes the structural changes on the surface of carbon steels, alloy steels, and austenitic stainless steels. The article explains the effects of the various nitriding processes, namely, gaseous nitriding, plasma nitriding, gaseous nitrocarburizing, and salt bath nitrocarburizing, on the structure and properties of nitrided layers.
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 4A
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 August 2013
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v04a.a0005776
EISBN: 978-1-62708-165-8
... Abstract The liquid nitriding process has several proprietary modifications and is applied to a wide variety of carbon steels, low-alloy steels, tool steels, stainless steels, and cast irons. This article discusses the applications, subclassifications, operating procedures, and maintenance...
Abstract
The liquid nitriding process has several proprietary modifications and is applied to a wide variety of carbon steels, low-alloy steels, tool steels, stainless steels, and cast irons. This article discusses the applications, subclassifications, operating procedures, and maintenance procedures, as well as the equipment used (salt bath furnaces) and safety precautions to be undertaken during the liquid nitriding process. It describes the different types of liquid nitriding process, namely, liquid pressure nitriding, aerated bath nitriding, and liquid nitrocarburizing. Environmental considerations and the increased cost of detoxification of cyanide-containing effluents have led to the development of low-cyanide salt bath nitrocarburizing treatments. The article reviews the wear and antiscuffing characteristics of the compound zone produced in salt baths with the help of Falex scuff test.
Book Chapter
Fundamentals of Nitriding and Nitrocarburizing
Available to PurchaseSeries: ASM Handbook
Volume: 4A
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 August 2013
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v04a.a0005818
EISBN: 978-1-62708-165-8
... Abstract The nitriding process typically involves the introduction of nitrogen into the surface-adjacent zone of a component, usually at a temperature between 500 and 580 deg C. This article provides an overview of the essential aspects of the thermodynamics and kinetics of nitriding...
Abstract
The nitriding process typically involves the introduction of nitrogen into the surface-adjacent zone of a component, usually at a temperature between 500 and 580 deg C. This article provides an overview of the essential aspects of the thermodynamics and kinetics of nitriding and nitrocarburizing of iron-base materials with gaseous processes. It describes nitriding potentials and the Lehrer diagram, carburizing potentials, controlled nitriding and nitrocarburizing, and the microstructural evolution of the compound layer and the diffusion zone.
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 4E
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 June 2016
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v04e.a0006269
EISBN: 978-1-62708-169-6
... Abstract This article describes the nitriding methods of titanium alloys such as plasma nitriding and gas nitriding. It focuses on the interaction of titanium alloys, interaction of titanium with nitrogen, and the interaction of titanium with oxygen, carbon, and hydrogen. The article provides...
Abstract
This article describes the nitriding methods of titanium alloys such as plasma nitriding and gas nitriding. It focuses on the interaction of titanium alloys, interaction of titanium with nitrogen, and the interaction of titanium with oxygen, carbon, and hydrogen. The article provides information on the wear and fatigue properties and corrosion resistance of nitrided titanium alloys, as well as the effect of nitriding on the biocompatibility of titanium. It also compares plasma-nitrided titanium alloys with alloy steels. It concludes with a short discussion on the effect of nitriding on the surface properties of titanium and two-phase α + β alloys.
Book Chapter
Nitriding of Stainless Steels
Available to PurchaseSeries: ASM Handbook
Volume: 4D
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 October 2014
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v04d.a0005977
EISBN: 978-1-62708-168-9
... of an effective protective passive layer in stainless steels. It discusses hardness, fatigue and fretting properties, tribological properties, wear resistance, and corrosion-wear process of the S-phase layer. The article describes two thermochemical nitriding techniques of stainless steels: plasma-assisted...
Abstract
Stainless steels are essential for the modern industrial civilization because of their corrosion resistance, especially in the chemical, petrochemical, and food industries. This article discusses the classification of the various types of stainless steels, including martensitic, ferritic, austenitic, duplex (ferritic-austenitic), and precipitation-hardening stainless steels. It presents a checklist of characteristics to be considered in selecting the proper type of stainless steel for a specific application. The article also outlines the need to promote the formation of an effective protective passive layer in stainless steels. It discusses hardness, fatigue and fretting properties, tribological properties, wear resistance, and corrosion-wear process of the S-phase layer. The article describes two thermochemical nitriding techniques of stainless steels: plasma-assisted nitriding techniques and non-plasma assisted nitriding processes. It also describes the difficulties in stainless steel nitriding/carburizing.
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 4E
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 June 2016
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v04e.a0006273
EISBN: 978-1-62708-169-6
... Abstract Aluminum and its alloys are characterized by their low hardness and less satisfactory tribological performance. These limits can be overcome by means of load-specific surface engineering. This article provides information on the structure and properties of nitrided layers...
Abstract
Aluminum and its alloys are characterized by their low hardness and less satisfactory tribological performance. These limits can be overcome by means of load-specific surface engineering. This article provides information on the structure and properties of nitrided layers, and the technologies and mechanisms used for nitriding aluminum and its alloys. It also describes the nitriding behavior of aluminum alloys. The article concludes by describing how a combination of technologies can be utilized to achieve aluminum nitride with the highest tribological properties.
Book Chapter
Tribology of Nitrided and Nitrocarburized Steels
Available to PurchaseSeries: ASM Handbook
Volume: 18
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 31 December 2017
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v18.a0006355
EISBN: 978-1-62708-192-4
... Abstract The surface of irons and steels can be hardened by introducing nitrogen (nitriding), nitrogen and carbon (nitrocarburizing), or nitrogen and sulfur (sulfonitriding) into the surface. This article lists the principal reasons for nitriding and nitrocarburizing, and summarizes the typical...
Abstract
The surface of irons and steels can be hardened by introducing nitrogen (nitriding), nitrogen and carbon (nitrocarburizing), or nitrogen and sulfur (sulfonitriding) into the surface. This article lists the principal reasons for nitriding and nitrocarburizing, and summarizes the typical characteristics of nitriding processes along with a general comparison of carburizing processes in a table. It describes the two most common nitriding methods: gas nitriding and ion (plasma) nitriding. The article discusses the wear behavior of nitrided layers and the wear resistance of selected steels. Rolling-contact fatigue (RCF) occurs in rolling contacts such as bearings, rolls, and gears. The article provides a discussion on rolling-contact fatigue of nitrided steels for aerospace bearing components.
Book Chapter
Plasma (Ion) Nitriding and Nitrocarburizing of Steels
Available to PurchaseSeries: ASM Handbook
Volume: 4A
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 August 2013
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v04a.a0005791
EISBN: 978-1-62708-165-8
... Abstract Plasma (ion) nitriding is a method of surface hardening using glow-discharge technology to introduce nascent (elemental) nitrogen to the surface of a metal part for subsequent diffusion into the material. This article describes the procedures and applications of plasma nitriding...
Abstract
Plasma (ion) nitriding is a method of surface hardening using glow-discharge technology to introduce nascent (elemental) nitrogen to the surface of a metal part for subsequent diffusion into the material. This article describes the procedures and applications of plasma nitriding methods of steel. These methods include direct-current plasma nitriding, pulsed-current plasma nitriding, and active-screen plasma nitriding. The article reviews cold-walled and hot-walled furnaces used for plasma nitriding. It provides information on the importance of controlling three process parameters: atmosphere, pressure, and part temperature. The article includes a discussion on the influence of nitrogen concentration on case structure formation on nitrided steel, and explains the significance of microstructure, hardness, and fatigue strength on nitrided case. It also discusses processing, laboratory studies, and applications of nitrocarburizing of steel.
Book Chapter
Gas Nitriding and Gas Nitrocarburizing of Steels
Available to PurchaseSeries: ASM Handbook
Volume: 4A
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 August 2013
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v04a.a0005806
EISBN: 978-1-62708-165-8
... Abstract This article summarizes the terminology for gas reactions, and discusses low-temperature nitriding and nitrocarburizing of stainless steels. It describes the various nitriding processes, namely, high- and low-pressure nitriding, oxynitriding, sulfonitriding, oxysulfonitriding, ferritic...
Abstract
This article summarizes the terminology for gas reactions, and discusses low-temperature nitriding and nitrocarburizing of stainless steels. It describes the various nitriding processes, namely, high- and low-pressure nitriding, oxynitriding, sulfonitriding, oxysulfonitriding, ferritic nitrocarburizing and austenitic nitrocarburizing. The article includes a discussion on the difficulties in specimen cleaning, importance of furnace purge, uses of pre and post oxidation, depassivation, or activation, and requirements for perfect nucleation in nitriding process. In nitriding, the successful atmosphere control depends on various potentials. The article summarizes the methods of measuring potentials in nitriding and nitrocarburizing, provides useful information on the furnaces used, and the safety precautions to be followed in the nitriding process. It also describes the sample preparation procedures and testing methods to ensure the quality of the sample.
Image
Relative wear rates of nitrided and non-nitrided tool steels and maraging s...
Available to PurchasePublished: 01 January 1994
Fig. 7 Relative wear rates of nitrided and non-nitrided tool steels and maraging steels used in extrusion forging
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Image
Nitriding response of two steels contaminated by cutting oil and nitrided f...
Available to PurchasePublished: 01 August 2013
Fig. 1 Nitriding response of two steels contaminated by cutting oil and nitrided for 4 h at 520 °C (970 °F) with a nitriding potential of 10. Contaminated surfaces are pretreated at between 300 and 400 °C (570 and 750 °F) (preoxidation in air, followed by treatment in nitrogen or a mixture
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