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Published: 01 January 2006
Fig. 12 Resistance to nitridation improves with increasing nickel and cobalt in iron-, nickel-, and cobalt-base alloys at 650 °C (1200 °F) for 168 h in ammonia (100% NH 3 in the inlet gas and 30% NH 3 in the exhaust). Source: Ref 1 More
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Published: 01 January 2003
Fig. 23 Optical micrographs showing internal oxidation and nitridation after the dynamic oxidation burner rig testing at 980 °C (1800 °F) for 1000 h with 30 min cycling. (a) 230 alloy. Note blocky nitrides below carbide-depleted zone; fine carbide precipitates were due to aging during the test More
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 4D
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 October 2014
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v04d.a0005986
EISBN: 978-1-62708-168-9
... Abstract Nitriding is a general term for all processes based on the addition of nitrogen to the surface of steel. When carbon is added along with the nitrogen, the process is called nitrocarburizing.  This article provides a detailed discussion on the functional and structural properties...
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 4D
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 October 2014
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v04d.a0005977
EISBN: 978-1-62708-168-9
... of an effective protective passive layer in stainless steels. It discusses hardness, fatigue and fretting properties, tribological properties, wear resistance, and corrosion-wear process of the S-phase layer. The article describes two thermochemical nitriding techniques of stainless steels: plasma-assisted...
Book Chapter

By George Pantazopoulos
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 4A
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 August 2013
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v04a.a0005776
EISBN: 978-1-62708-165-8
... Abstract The liquid nitriding process has several proprietary modifications and is applied to a wide variety of carbon steels, low-alloy steels, tool steels, stainless steels, and cast irons. This article discusses the applications, subclassifications, operating procedures, and maintenance...
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 4A
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 August 2013
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v04a.a0005818
EISBN: 978-1-62708-165-8
... Abstract The nitriding process typically involves the introduction of nitrogen into the surface-adjacent zone of a component, usually at a temperature between 500 and 580 deg C. This article provides an overview of the essential aspects of the thermodynamics and kinetics of nitriding...
Book Chapter

By Edward Roliński
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 4E
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 June 2016
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v04e.a0006269
EISBN: 978-1-62708-169-6
... Abstract This article describes the nitriding methods of titanium alloys such as plasma nitriding and gas nitriding. It focuses on the interaction of titanium alloys, interaction of titanium with nitrogen, and the interaction of titanium with oxygen, carbon, and hydrogen. The article provides...
Book Chapter

By H.-J. Spies, Anke Dalke
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 4E
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 June 2016
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v04e.a0006273
EISBN: 978-1-62708-169-6
... Abstract Aluminum and its alloys are characterized by their low hardness and less satisfactory tribological performance. These limits can be overcome by means of load-specific surface engineering. This article provides information on the structure and properties of nitrided layers...
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 18
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 31 December 2017
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v18.a0006355
EISBN: 978-1-62708-192-4
... Abstract The surface of irons and steels can be hardened by introducing nitrogen (nitriding), nitrogen and carbon (nitrocarburizing), or nitrogen and sulfur (sulfonitriding) into the surface. This article lists the principal reasons for nitriding and nitrocarburizing, and summarizes the typical...
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 4A
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 August 2013
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v04a.a0005791
EISBN: 978-1-62708-165-8
... Abstract Plasma (ion) nitriding is a method of surface hardening using glow-discharge technology to introduce nascent (elemental) nitrogen to the surface of a metal part for subsequent diffusion into the material. This article describes the procedures and applications of plasma nitriding...
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 4A
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 August 2013
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v04a.a0005806
EISBN: 978-1-62708-165-8
... Abstract This article summarizes the terminology for gas reactions, and discusses low-temperature nitriding and nitrocarburizing of stainless steels. It describes the various nitriding processes, namely, high- and low-pressure nitriding, oxynitriding, sulfonitriding, oxysulfonitriding, ferritic...
Image
Published: 01 January 1994
Fig. 7 Relative wear rates of nitrided and non-nitrided tool steels and maraging steels used in extrusion forging More
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Published: 01 August 2013
Fig. 1 Nitriding response of two steels contaminated by cutting oil and nitrided for 4 h at 520 °C (970 °F) with a nitriding potential of 10. Contaminated surfaces are pretreated at between 300 and 400 °C (570 and 750 °F) (preoxidation in air, followed by treatment in nitrogen or a mixture More
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Published: 01 December 2004
Fig. 44 Ion nitrided AISI H13 tool steel with a brittle white-etching iron nitride layer at the extreme surface. (a) Mounted with silica-filled epoxy. (b) Nickel plated and mounted with silica-filled epoxy. Vilella's reagent. Note that in (b) the iron nitride layer may be easily missed due More
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Published: 31 December 2017
Fig. 9 Nitrided case profiles for various steels. (a) General comparison of nitriding steels with low-alloy and stainless steels. Adapted from Ref 17 . (b) Typical depth hardness profiles of Nitralloy 135 modified, Nitralloy 135, and two alloy steels from gas nitriding for 48 h at 525 °C (975 More
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Published: 01 June 2016
Fig. 7 Hardness profiles of gas-nitrided (GN) and plasma-nitrided (PN) specimens of Ti-6Al-4V alloy. T N = 800 °C (1470 °F); t N = 24 h. Source: Ref 20 (translated into English). Used with permission from © Carl Hanser Verlag, München More
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Published: 01 October 2014
Fig. 3 (a) Coarse nitride needles in gas-nitrided plain carbon steel. (b) Coarse nitride needles at high magnification. Transmission electron micrograph More
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Published: 01 October 2014
Fig. 40 Effects of time and nitriding temperature on nitrided depth for 32CrMoV13. Source: Ref 48 More
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Published: 01 October 2014
Fig. 41 Micrographs of nitrided AISI 316 (nitrided at 718 K for 22 h). (a) K n = 0.293 bar −1/2 . (b) K n = 2.49 bar −1/2 . Source: Ref 51 More
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 5
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 1994
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v05.a0007039
EISBN: 978-1-62708-170-2
... Abstract Sputtering is a nonthermal vaporization process in which atoms are ejected from the surface of a solid by momentum transfer from energetic particles of atomic or molecular size. Ionized gases in plasma nitriding chambers often possess enough energy to sputter atoms from workload...