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Book: Corrosion: Materials
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 13B
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 2005
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v13b.a0003824
EISBN: 978-1-62708-183-2
...Abstract Abstract For chemical processing, niobium resists a wide variety of corrosive environments, including mineral acids, many organic acids, liquid metals, and most salt solutions. This article focuses on the mechanisms of corrosion resistance of niobium alloys in these environments...
Abstract
For chemical processing, niobium resists a wide variety of corrosive environments, including mineral acids, many organic acids, liquid metals, and most salt solutions. This article focuses on the mechanisms of corrosion resistance of niobium alloys in these environments. The niobium alloys include Nb-1Zr, Nb-55Ti, Nb-50Ta, and Nb-40Ta. The article describes the use of these corrosion resistant niobium alloys, and provides information on applications of niobium in various industries.
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Published: 01 January 2005
Fig. 3 Isocorrosion curves of niobium alloys in hydrochloric acid, 0.05 mm/yr (2 mils/yr) lines
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Image
Published: 01 January 2005
Fig. 6 Sputter-deposited chromium-niobium and chromium-tantalum alloys. (a) Corrosion rates of alloys compared to pure chromium, niobium, and tantalum. (b) Polarization curves of sputter-deposited chromium-niobium alloys and pure chromium and niobium. The number corresponds to the atomic percent
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Image
Published: 01 December 2004
Fig. 51 Heat-tinted niobium alloy (C103) plate as viewed under differential interference contrast illumination. Some of the grains exhibit a second phase (note small, particle-like features) due to alloying additions. 65×. (P.E. Danielson)
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in Metallography and Microstructures of Refractory Metals and Alloys
> Metallography and Microstructures
Published: 01 December 2004
Fig. 9 Niobium alloy FS-85 (Nb-28Ta-11W-0.8Zr), 2.8 mm (0.110 in.) thick sheet. Arc melted, hot extruded, warm rolled at 705 °C (1300 °F), 50 to 75% reductions between anneals. Final anneal in vacuum at 1315 °C (2400 °F) for 1 h. Longitudinal section of fully recrystallized structure showing
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in Metallography and Microstructures of Refractory Metals and Alloys
> Metallography and Microstructures
Published: 01 December 2004
Fig. 10 Niobium alloy C-103 (Nb-10Hf-1Ti-0.5Zr), 6.4 mm (0.25 in.) thick plate, cold worked and annealed. The microstructure shows stringers, elongated in the rolling direction, of a dispersed phase consisting of HfO 2 and ZrO 2 compounds. Etchant: ASTM 163 ( Table 1 ). 150×
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in Metallography and Microstructures of Refractory Metals and Alloys
> Metallography and Microstructures
Published: 01 December 2004
Fig. 11 Niobium alloy C-103 sheet, 1 mm (0.040 in.) thick. Arc melted, hot extruded, warm rolled, and annealed. Cold rolled to finished size. Final annealed in vacuum at 1290 °C (2350 °F) for 1 h. Longitudinal section showing fully recrystallized structure. ASTM grain size 7. Etchant: ASTM 163
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Book Chapter
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 14A
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 2005
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v14a.a0003994
EISBN: 978-1-62708-185-6
...Abstract Abstract This article focuses on the forging characteristics of different types of refractory metals and alloys, namely, niobium and niobium alloys, molybdenum and molybdenum alloys, tantalum and tantalum alloys, and tungsten and tungsten alloys. forging molybdenum molybdenum...
Book Chapter
Series: ASM Desk Editions
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 December 1998
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.mhde2.a0003151
EISBN: 978-1-62708-199-3
...Abstract Abstract The refractory metals include niobium, tantalum, molybdenum, tungsten, and rhenium. They are readily degraded by oxidizing environments at moderately low temperatures. Protective coating systems have been developed, mostly for niobium alloys, to permit their use in high...
Abstract
The refractory metals include niobium, tantalum, molybdenum, tungsten, and rhenium. They are readily degraded by oxidizing environments at moderately low temperatures. Protective coating systems have been developed, mostly for niobium alloys, to permit their use in high-temperature oxidizing aerospace applications. This article discusses the properties, processing, applications, and classes of refractory metals and its alloys, namely molybdenum, tungsten, niobium, tantalum and rhenium. It also provides an outline of the coating processes used to improve their oxidation resistance.
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 14B
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 2006
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v14b.a0005167
EISBN: 978-1-62708-186-3
...Abstract Abstract This article describes the formability and surface contamination of the refractory metals such as niobium, tantalum, molybdenum, tungsten, and titanium-zirconium-molybdenum alloys. It reviews the factors that affect mechanical properties and formability during rolling and heat...
Abstract
This article describes the formability and surface contamination of the refractory metals such as niobium, tantalum, molybdenum, tungsten, and titanium-zirconium-molybdenum alloys. It reviews the factors that affect mechanical properties and formability during rolling and heat treatment. The effect of temperature on the formability of refractory metals is discussed. The article provides a description of the forming methods of sheet and preformed blanks using refractory metals. It also discusses the types of lubricants, including oils, soaps, waxes, silicones, graphite, and molybdenum disulphide, used in the forming of refractory metals.
Book Chapter
Book: Alloy Phase Diagrams
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 3
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 27 April 2016
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v03.a0006244
EISBN: 978-1-62708-163-4
...Abstract Abstract This article is a compilation of ternary alloy phase diagrams for which niobium (Nb) is the first-named element in the ternary system. The diagrams are presented with element compositions in weight percent. The article includes 2 phase diagrams: Nb-Ti-W isothermal section...
Abstract
This article is a compilation of ternary alloy phase diagrams for which niobium (Nb) is the first-named element in the ternary system. The diagrams are presented with element compositions in weight percent. The article includes 2 phase diagrams: Nb-Ti-W isothermal section at 600 °C; and Nb-Ti-W isothermal section at 1000 °C.
Book Chapter
Book: Alloy Phase Diagrams
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 3
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 27 April 2016
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v03.a0006187
EISBN: 978-1-62708-163-4
...Abstract Abstract This article is a compilation of binary alloy phase diagrams for which niobium (Nb) is the first named element in the binary pair. The diagrams are presented with element compositions in weight percent. The atomic percent compositions are given in a secondary scale. For each...
Abstract
This article is a compilation of binary alloy phase diagrams for which niobium (Nb) is the first named element in the binary pair. The diagrams are presented with element compositions in weight percent. The atomic percent compositions are given in a secondary scale. For each binary system, a table of crystallographic data is provided that includes the composition, Pearson symbol, space group, and prototype for each phase.
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Published: 01 January 2006
Fig. 2 Effect of temperature on strength and elongation of vacuum-annealed (recrystallized) niobium alloy sheet
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in Metallography and Microstructures of Refractory Metals and Alloys
> Metallography and Microstructures
Published: 01 December 2004
Fig. 12 Differential interference contrast light micrograph of arc-melted hafnium-niobium alloy (Hf-2 wt% Nb) buttons showing acicular α within prior-β grains. Chemically polished (solution A, Table 2 ), swabbed for ∼45 s, and swab etched (solution B, Table 2 ) for ∼20 s
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Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 4E
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 June 2016
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v04e.a0006255
EISBN: 978-1-62708-169-6
...Abstract Abstract This article briefly discusses the annealing practices for refractory metals such as tungsten, molybdenum, niobium, tantalum, and rhenium and their alloys. It also presents the applications and properties of these metals and their alloys. annealing microstructure...
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in Metallography and Microstructures of Refractory Metals and Alloys
> Metallography and Microstructures
Published: 01 December 2004
Fig. 13 Differential interference contrast light micrograph of arc-melted hafnium-niobium alloy (Hf-3 wt% Nb) buttons showing acicular α within prior-β grains. Chemically polished (solution A, Table 2 ), swabbed for 60 to 90 s, and swab etched (solution B, Table 2 ) for ∼20 to 30 s. Source
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Image
Published: 01 January 1997
Fig. 25 Schematic curves depicting the forgeability of single-phase and two-phase alloys as a function of temperature. (a) Curve 1: pure metals and single-phase alloys (aluminum alloys, tantalum alloys, niobium alloys). Curve 2: pure metals and single-phase alloys exhibiting rapid grain growth
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Image
Published: 01 January 1989
Axial rake angle, degrees Radial rake angle, degrees Axial rake angle, degrees Radial rake angle, degrees Niobium alloys, wrought, cast, P/M 170–225 0 20 5–7 0–5 0 10 45 5–10 10 10 Molybdenum alloys, wrought, cast, P/M 220–290 0 20 5–7 0–5 0 0 45 5–10 10 10
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Book Chapter
Book: Powder Metallurgy
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 7
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 30 September 2015
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v07.a0006123
EISBN: 978-1-62708-175-7
...Abstract Abstract This article focuses on the selection, properties, and applications of powder metallurgy refractory metals and their alloys, including tungsten, molybdenum, tantalum, niobium, and rhenium. molybdenum niobium powder metallurgy refractory metals rhenium tantalum...
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 2
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 1990
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v02.a0001079
EISBN: 978-1-62708-162-7
..., machining, forming, cleaning, joining, and coatings. The article also presents information on, and specifications for, the following metals and their alloys: niobium, tantalum, molybdenum, tungsten, rhenium, and refractory metal fiber-reinforced composites. It discusses the processes involved...
Abstract
All refractory metals, except osmium and iridium, have the highest melting temperatures and lowest vapor pressures of all metals. This article discusses the commercial applications, and production procedures of refractory metals and alloys. These procedures include fabrication, machining, forming, cleaning, joining, and coatings. The article also presents information on, and specifications for, the following metals and their alloys: niobium, tantalum, molybdenum, tungsten, rhenium, and refractory metal fiber-reinforced composites. It discusses the processes involved in their production, their mechanical properties, physical properties, thermal properties, electrical properties, chemical properties, applications, and corrosion resistance.