Search Results for nickel-cobalt plating

Nickel alloys electroplated for engineering applications include nickel-iron, nickel-cobalt, nickel-manganese, and zinc-nickel. This article provides the process description and discusses the processing variables, properties, advantages, and disadvantages of nickel-iron, nickel-cobalt, nickel-manganese alloys, and nickel chromium binary and ternary alloys. It also includes information on the environmental, health, and safety considerations for these nickel-base alloys.

This article provides information on the compositions of alkaline and acid baths and process parameters for zinc-iron, zinc-cobalt, zinc-nickel, and tin-zinc plating.

Metallic nonelectrolytic alloy coatings produced from aqueous solutions are commercially used in several industries, including electronics, aerospace, medical, oil and gas production, chemical processing, and automotive. Nonelectrolytic coating systems use two types of reactions to deposit metal onto a part: electroless and displacement. This article explains the various types of electroless and dispersion alloy coating systems. It provides information on the processing of parts, process control, deposit analysis, and equipment used for coating nonelectrolytic displacement alloys. The article concludes with a discussion on the safety and environmental concerns associated with nonelectrolytic deposition processes.

Selective plating, also known as brush plating, differs from traditional tank or bath plating in that the workpiece is not immersed in a plating solution (electrolyte). Instead, the electrolyte is brought to the part and applied by a handheld anode or stylus, which incorporates an absorbent wrapping for applying the solution to the workpiece (cathode). This article focuses on the selective plating systems that include a power pack, plating tools, anode covers, specially formulated plating solutions, and any auxiliary equipment required for the particular application. It provides a detailed account of the applications of selective plating, with examples. The article describes the advantages, limitations, key process elements, and health and safety considerations of selective plating. It also includes the most important industrial, government, and military specifications.

This article focuses on alternatives to chromium in both hard chromium plating and chromate conversion coating. These include electroless nickel plating, nickel-tungsten composite electroplating, spray coating applications, and cobalt/molybdenum-base conversion coating. The article discusses the material and process substitutions that can be used to eliminate the use or emissions of chromium in industrial processes. It describes the physical characteristics of each coating, economics, environmental impacts, advantages, and disadvantages of alternative processes.

This article discusses the weldability characteristics of cobalt-base corrosion-resistant (CR) alloys, titanium-base CR alloys, zirconium-base CR alloys, and tantalum-base CR alloys that assist in the selection of suitable alloy and welding method for producing high-quality welds.

Cobalt finds its use in various applications owing to its magnetic properties, corrosion resistance, wear resistance, and its strength at elevated temperatures. This article discusses the mining and processing of cobalt and cobalt alloys. It describes the types of cobalt alloys, including wear-resistant alloys, high-temperature alloys, corrosion-resistant alloys, and special-purpose alloys. The article provides data on the chemical composition, mechanical properties, and physical properties of these alloys. Further, it provides information on the uses of cobalt in superalloys, cemented carbides, magnetic materials, low-expansion alloys, and high-speed tool steels.

This article focuses primarily on the various steps involved in the brazing of heat-resistant alloys (nickel- and cobalt-base alloys). The major steps include the selection of brazing filler metals, surface cleaning and preparation, brazing processes and their corresponding atmospheres, and fixturing. The article also provides an overview of the brazing of blow-alloy steels and tool steels and oxide dispersion-strengthened alloys.

This article provides a general overview of physical and mechanical properties, alloy compositions, applications, and product forms of cobalt-base alloys as wear-resistant, corrosion-resistant, and/or heat-resistant materials. The discussion is largely focused on cobalt-base alloys for wear resistance, as this is the single largest application area of cobalt-base alloys.

Electroforming is the process by which articles or shapes can be exactly reproduced by electrodeposition on a mandrel or form that is later removed, leaving a precise duplicate of the original. This article discusses electroforming applications, and explains electroforming of nickel, cobalt, iron, and copper, providing information on mandrel design and selection, electroforming solutions and operating variables. It discusses the significant aspects of electroforming that demand special considerations, such as metal distribution, internal deposit stress, roughness, and treeing. The article concludes with an overview of alloy electroforming.

This article tabulates the nominal compositions for nickel and cobalt alloys. It illustrates the comparison of strain-hardening rates of a number of alloys in terms of the increase in hardness with increasing cold reduction. The forming practice for age-hardenable alloys and the lubricants used in the forming processes of nickel and cobalt alloys are also discussed. The article summarizes the modification of tools and dies used for cold forming other metals, as the physical and mechanical properties of nickel and cobalt alloys frequently necessitate it. It discusses forming techniques for these alloys and provides several examples of these techniques, which include shearing, blanking, piercing, deep drawing, spinning, explosive forming, bending, and expanding/tube forming.

Hardenable steels with high-alloy content includes a family of nickel-cobalt steels with high strength and high toughness. This article describes various heat treatments, namely, normalizing, annealing, hardening, tempering, stress relieving, overaging, quenching, refrigeration, and straightening treatment, applied to HP9-4-20, HP9-4-25, HP9-4-30, and HP9-4-45 steels. These steels have high fracture toughness when heat treated to very high strength levels. The article also describes heat treatments applied to other alloys such as AF 1410, AerMet 100, AerMet 310, and AerMet 340, which provide a good combination of high strength and toughness that make them attractive for aerospace application. It also presents tables that provide information on the effect of aging temperatures and heat treatment on mechanical properties and impact energy of these steels.

In the field of medical device development and testing, the corrosion of metallic parts can lead to significant adverse effects on the biocompatibility of the device. This article describes the mechanisms of metal and alloy biocompatibility. It reviews the response of implant metals and particulate materials to corrosion. The effect of metal ions from an implanted device on the human body is also discussed. The article concludes with information on the possible cancer-causing effects of metallic biomaterials.

This article discusses the mechanisms of metal and alloy biocompatibility. It provides information on early testing and experience with metals in medical device applications. The article describes the response of implant and particulate materials to severe corrosion. It provides a description of metal binding and its effects on metabolic processes. Hypersensitive responses to metal ions are also reviewed. The article concludes with a discussion on the possible cancer-causing effects of metallic biomaterials.

Maraging steels comprise a special class of high-strength steels that differ from conventional steels in that they are hardened by a metallurgical reaction that does not involve carbon. Instead, these steels are strengthened by the precipitation of intermetallic compounds at temperatures of about 480 deg C. Commercial maraging steels are designed to provide specific levels of yield strength in the range of 1030 to 2420 MPa. However, some experimental maraging steels have yield strengths as high as 3450 MPa. These steels typically have very high nickel, cobalt, and molybdenum contents and very low carbon contents. This article outlines the processing of maraging steels: melting, hot working, cold working, machining, heat treating, surface treatment, and welding. It also covers mechanical and physical properties as well as tooling and aerospace applications, where maraging steels are extensively used.

Cobalt is used as an alloying element in alloys for various applications. This article provides a detailed account of the metallurgy of cobalt-base alloys. It focuses on the compositions, properties, and applications of cobalt-base alloys, which include wear-resistant cobalt alloys, heat-resistant cobalt alloys, and cobalt-base corrosion-resistant alloys. The article also describes the heat treatments such as annealing and aging, for these alloys.

This article describes the methods for removing metallic contaminants, tarnish, and scale resulting from hot-working or heat-treating operations on nickel-, cobalt-, and iron-base heat-resistant alloys. It provides a brief description of applicable finishing and coating processes, including polishing, electroplating, ceramic coatings, diffusion coatings, and shot-peening. The article presents numerous examples that identify cleaning and finishing problems and the procedures used to solve them.

This article discusses the various factors that affect the corrosion performance of electroplated coatings. It describes the effects of environment and the deposition process on substrate coatings. The article provides a discussion on the electrochemical techniques capable of predicting the corrosion performance of a plated part. It reviews the designs of coating systems for optimal protection of the substrate. The article also discusses controlled weathering tests and accelerated tests used to predict and determine the relative durability of the coating.

This guide rates the compatibility of dissimilar structural materials joined together for service in seawater, marine atmosphere, or industrial atmosphere. It contains a table that indicates the material code and most generally effective surface treatment typically used to reduce corrosion of bare metals.

This article discusses the methods for producing powder metallurgy (PM) nickel powders, including carbonyl process, hydrometallurgical process, hydrogen reduction process, and atomization process, as well as their applications. It describes three processes for producing nickel alloy powders: water atomization, high-pressure water atomization, and gas atomization. The article also provides information on the applications of PM hot isostatic pressing in the oil and gas industry.