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Book Chapter
External Corrosion of Oil and Natural Gas Pipelines
Available to PurchaseSeries: ASM Handbook
Volume: 13C
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 2006
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v13c.a0004213
EISBN: 978-1-62708-184-9
..., or terminals. In the United States, there were approximately 217,000 km (135,000 mi) of hazardous liquid transmission pipelines, 34,000 km (21,000 mi) of crude oil gathering pipelines, 483,000 km (300,000 mi) of natural gas transmission pipelines, and 45,000 km (28,000 mi) of natural gas gathering pipelines...
Abstract
This article describes the mechanisms of differential corrosion cells corrosion, microbiologically influenced corrosion, and stray direct current corrosion. It discusses the most common causes and contributing factors for corrosion and stress-corrosion cracking, as well as prevention, mitigation, detection, and repair processes.
Book Chapter
Natural Gas Internal Pipeline Corrosion
Available to PurchaseSeries: ASM Handbook
Volume: 13C
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 2006
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v13c.a0004214
EISBN: 978-1-62708-184-9
.... corrosion corrosivity electrochemical corrosion INTERNAL CORROSION IN PIPELINES is a significant problem in oil and gas transmission systems. Oil or mixed-phase transmission systems, due to the presence of an inhibiting oil phase, typically tend to be less corrosive than corresponding natural gas...
Abstract
This article discusses the effects of parameters on corrosivity and explains why it is critical to examine the parameter interactions prior to capturing the synergistic effects of the parameters on corrosion. It examines the methods of internal corrosion prediction for multiphase pipelines. The article reviews methodologies to perform internal corrosion direct assessment for pipelines. Real-time monitoring techniques for assessing actual corrosion at critical locations are discussed. The article also presents the case studies for multi-technique electrochemical corrosion monitoring.
Image
Atmosphere air-gas ratios for exothermic atmosphere from natural gas (90% C...
Available to PurchasePublished: 30 September 2014
Fig. 3 Atmosphere air-gas ratios for exothermic atmosphere from natural gas (90% CH 4 , C 2 H 6 , 5% N 2 ). Source: Ref 1
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Image
Atmosphere air-gas ratios for endothermic atmosphere from natural gas (90% ...
Available to PurchasePublished: 30 September 2014
Fig. 4 Atmosphere air-gas ratios for endothermic atmosphere from natural gas (90% CH 4 , C 2 H 6 , 5% N 2 ). Source: Ref 1
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Image
Flow chart of organic gases: natural gas, effluents, pyrolysis products, pr...
Available to PurchasePublished: 01 January 1986
Fig. 8 Flow chart of organic gases: natural gas, effluents, pyrolysis products, process gas. Acronyms are defined in Table 10 .
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Image
Low-carbon steel tee fitting in a line leading to a natural-gas dryer that ...
Available to PurchasePublished: 01 January 2002
Fig. 3 Low-carbon steel tee fitting in a line leading to a natural-gas dryer that failed from hydrogen sulfide corrosion. (a) Arrangement of piping showing point of leakage in the tee fitting. (b) Inner surface of the tee fitting showing corrosion deposit and area of complete penetration
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Image
Fault tree for natural gas pipeline outage due to general corrosion. C.P., ...
Available to PurchasePublished: 01 January 2003
Fig. 17 Fault tree for natural gas pipeline outage due to general corrosion. C.P., cathodic protection
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Published: 01 December 1998
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Published: 01 August 2013
Image
Rupture site of a natural gas transmission line with multiple scattered ste...
Available to PurchasePublished: 30 August 2021
Fig. 1 Rupture site of a natural gas transmission line with multiple scattered steel pipe fragments (several outside the image)
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Image
Low-carbon steel tee fitting in a line leading to a natural-gas dryer that ...
Available to Purchase
in Failure Analysis of Heat Exchangers
> Analysis and Prevention of Component and Equipment Failures
Published: 30 August 2021
Fig. 3 Low-carbon steel tee fitting in a line leading to a natural-gas dryer that failed from hydrogen sulfide corrosion. (a) Arrangement of piping showing point of leakage in the tee fitting. (b) Inner surface of the tee fitting showing corrosion deposit and area of complete penetration
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Image
Natural gas heat treatment furnace. Courtesy of Arrow Tank and Engineering ...
Available to PurchasePublished: 30 September 2014
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Published: 30 September 2014
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Published: 01 January 2001
Image
Liquefied natural gas tank welded from alloy 5083 plate. Courtesy of Americ...
Available to Purchase
in A History of Wrought Aluminum Alloys and Applications
> Properties and Selection of Aluminum Alloys
Published: 15 June 2019
Fig. 22 Liquefied natural gas tank welded from alloy 5083 plate. Courtesy of American Welding Society
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Book Chapter
Safety Guidelines for the Handling and Use of Gases in Thermal Spraying
Available to PurchaseBook: Thermal Spray Technology
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 5A
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 August 2013
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v05a.a0005758
EISBN: 978-1-62708-171-9
..., compressed air, nitrogen, helium, argon, carbon dioxide, hydrogen, acetylene, kerosene, propylene, propane, and natural gas. The article also provides information on the maintenance and safety practices involved in the plumbing configurations of cylinder gas supply units and bulk gas supply units...
Abstract
This article provides members of the thermal spray community with practical recommendations for the safe installation, operation, and maintenance of gas equipment used in the thermal spray process. It focuses on safety issues concerning gas equipment used in conjunction with thermal spray equipment at consumer sites. The article covers the gas sources (bulk or gaseous), the piping (hard and soft) leading to the gas console or the torch, and the specific safety devices used to help ensure safe operation. It discusses the characteristics and safety hazards of gases such as oxygen, compressed air, nitrogen, helium, argon, carbon dioxide, hydrogen, acetylene, kerosene, propylene, propane, and natural gas. The article also provides information on the maintenance and safety practices involved in the plumbing configurations of cylinder gas supply units and bulk gas supply units.
Book Chapter
High-Temperature Corrosion in Military Systems
Available to PurchaseSeries: ASM Handbook
Volume: 13C
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 2006
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v13c.a0004124
EISBN: 978-1-62708-184-9
... Abstract High-temperature exposure of materials occurs in many applications such as power plants (coal, oil, natural gas, and nuclear), land-based gas turbine and diesel engines, gas turbine engines for aircraft, marine gas turbine engines for shipboard use, waste incineration, high-temperature...
Abstract
High-temperature exposure of materials occurs in many applications such as power plants (coal, oil, natural gas, and nuclear), land-based gas turbine and diesel engines, gas turbine engines for aircraft, marine gas turbine engines for shipboard use, waste incineration, high-temperature fuel cells, and missile components. This article discusses high-temperature corrosion in boilers, diesel engines, gas turbines, and waste incinerators. Boilers are affected by stress rupture failures, waterside corrosion failures, fireside corrosion failures, and environmental cracking failures. Contamination of combustion fuel in diesel engines can cause high-temperature corrosion. Gas turbine engines are affected by hot corrosion. Refractory-lined incinerators and alloy-lined incinerators are discussed. The article provides case studies for each component failure.
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 6
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 1993
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v06.a0001372
EISBN: 978-1-62708-173-3
..., such as oxygen, acetylene, hydrogen, natural gas, propane, and proprietary gases, in OFW. The article discusses the important elements of an OFW system, such as gas storage facilities, pressure regulators, hoses, torches, related safety devices, and accessories. It describes the sequence for setting up...
Abstract
Oxyfuel gas welding (OFW) is a manual process in which the metal surfaces to be joined are melted progressively by heat from a gas flame, with or without a filler metal. This article discusses the capabilities, advantages, and limitations of OFW. It describes the role of gases, such as oxygen, acetylene, hydrogen, natural gas, propane, and proprietary gases, in OFW. The article discusses the important elements of an OFW system, such as gas storage facilities, pressure regulators, hoses, torches, related safety devices, and accessories. It describes the sequence for setting up a positive-pressure welding outfit. The article provides information on forehand welding and backhand welding, as well as various joints used. It concludes with a discussion on repairs and alterations, as well as the safety aspects.
Book Chapter
Oxyfuel Gas Cutting
Available to PurchaseSeries: ASM Handbook
Volume: 14B
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 2006
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v14b.a0005175
EISBN: 978-1-62708-186-3
... and compositions of fuel types such as acetylene, natural gas, propane, propylene, and methyl-acetylene-propadiene-stabilized gas. The article describes the effects of OFC on base metal, including carbon and low-alloy steels, cast irons, and stainless steels. It provides information on light cutting, medium...
Abstract
Oxyfuel gas cutting (OFC) includes a group of cutting processes that use controlled chemical reactions to remove preheated metal by rapid oxidation in a stream of pure oxygen. This article discusses the operation principles and process capabilities of the OFC. It reviews the properties and compositions of fuel types such as acetylene, natural gas, propane, propylene, and methyl-acetylene-propadiene-stabilized gas. The article describes the effects of OFC on base metal, including carbon and low-alloy steels, cast irons, and stainless steels. It provides information on light cutting, medium cutting, heavy cutting, and stack cutting. The article informs that the basic oxyfuel method can be modified to allow gas cutting of metals, such as stainless steel and most nonferrous alloys, that resist continuous oxidation.
Book Chapter
Welding Fuels and Shielding Gases
Available to PurchaseSeries: ASM Handbook
Volume: 6A
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 31 October 2011
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v06a.a0005642
EISBN: 978-1-62708-174-0
... Abstract This article contains a table that lists the properties of various fuel gases, namely, acetylene, hydrogen, methane, methyl acetylene propadiene, propane, propylene, and natural gas. It discusses shielding gases, their mixtures and uses in gas metal arc welding, flux cored arc welding...
Abstract
This article contains a table that lists the properties of various fuel gases, namely, acetylene, hydrogen, methane, methyl acetylene propadiene, propane, propylene, and natural gas. It discusses shielding gases, their mixtures and uses in gas metal arc welding, flux cored arc welding, gas tungsten arc welding, and plasma arc welding.
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