Search Results for multiple spot welding machines

Resistance spot welding (RSW) is a process in which faying surfaces are joined in one or more spots by the heat generated by resistance to the flow of electric current through workpieces that are held together under force by electrodes. This article discusses the major advantages of spot welding and the three principal elements, such as electrical circuit, control circuit, and mechanical system, of RSW machines. It reviews the three basic types of RSW machines: pedestal-type welding machines, portable welding guns, and multiple spot welding machines. The article provides information on weldabilily of uncoated steels and zinc-coated steels, as well as aluminum alloys.

Resistance spot welding (RSW) is the most widely used joining technique for the assembly of sheet metal products. This article discusses the process description, evaluation methods, and applications of RSW. It describes the equipment needed for RSW and explicates the major functions of electrodes in RSW and effect of surface condition on the technique. The article concludes with information on the safety precautions to be followed during the welding process.

This article presents a detailed account of the welding parameters, equipment needed, applications, advantages, limitations, and the process variables affecting various types of resistance welding operations, namely, resistance spot welding, resistance seam welding, resistance projection welding, and flash welding.

Ultrasonic metal welding is a solid-state welding process that produces coalescence through the simultaneous application of localized high-frequency vibratory energy and moderate clamping forces. This article discusses the parameters to be considered when selecting a suitable welder for ultrasonic metal welding. It details the personnel requirements, advantages, limitations, and applications, namely, wire welds, spot welds, continuous seam welds, and microelectronic welds of ultrasonic metal welding.

The resistance welding processes commonly employed for joining aluminum are resistance spot welding, resistance seam welding, resistance roll welding, upset and flash welding for butt joining welding, and high-frequency resistance welding. This article discusses the general factors affecting resistance welding: electrical and thermal conductivities, rising temperature, plastic range, shrinkage, and surface oxide. It reviews the weldability of base materials such as Alclad alloys and aluminum metal-matrix composites. The article describes the joint design and welding procedures for resistance spot welding, as well as the joint type, equipment, and welding procedures for seam and roll spot welding. It concludes with information on flash welding, high-frequency welding, and cross-wire welding.

Cold pressure welding can be accomplished by deforming in a lap or butt configuration, drawing, extrusion, and rolling. This article provides a discussion on cold pressure lap welding, cold pressure butt welding and cold pressure welding in drawing process with illustrations. It provides information on the combinations of metals that can be successfully cold welded.

Resistance welding (RW) encompasses a group of processes in which the heat for welding is generated by the resistance to the flow of electrical current through the parts being joined. The three major resistance welding processes are resistance spot welding (RSW), resistance seam welding (RSEW), and projection welding (PW). This article addresses the considerations for using these processes to join specific types of materials. It discusses the process variations, applicability, advantages, and limitations of these resistance welding processes. The article provides information on flash welding, high-frequency resistance welding, and capacitor discharge stud welding. It concludes with a discussion on resistance welding of stainless steels, aluminum alloys, and copper and copper alloys.

Resistance seam welding (RSEW) is a process in which the heat generated by resistance to the flow of electric current in the work metal is combined with pressure to produce a welded seam. This article discusses the various classes of the RSEW process, namely roll spot welding, reinforced roll spot welding, and leak-tight seam welding. It provides information on the applications of lap seam weld, mash seam weld, and butt seam weld. The article reviews the advantages and limitations of seam welding compared to resistance spot welding, projection welding, and laser welding. It describes the four basic types of resistance seam weld machines: circular, longitudinal, universal, and portable. The article concludes with a discussion on weld quality and process control for seam welding.

This article describes the process applications, advantages, and limitations of resistance seam welding. The fundamentals of lap seam welding are also reviewed. The article details the types of seam welds, namely, lap seam welds and mash seam welds, and the processing equipment used for lap seam welding. The primary factors used to determine the selection of electrodes, including alloy type and wheel configuration, are reviewed. The article also describes weld quality and process control procedures.

This article begins with a discussion on the advantages and limitation of ultrasonic welding (USW). It describes variations of the USW process which can produce different weld geometries. These variations are helpful in producing spot welds, line welds, continuous seam welds, ring welds, and microelectronic welds. The article provides information on the functions of USW personnel and describes the special conditions in USW which include the condition of the surface, the use of an interlayer, and the control of resonance. It concludes with a description on the weld quality, the influencing factors, surface appearance and deformation, and metallographic examination.

This article provides an overview of the types of weld discontinuities that are characteristic of specialized welding processes. These welding processes include electron-beam welding, plasma arc welding, electroslag welding, friction welding, resistance welding, and diffusion welding. The article also describes the common inspection methods used to detect these discontinuities.

This article focuses on the use of electron beam (EB) for near-net shape processing based on the wire feed material-delivery method. EB deposition processes start with a 3-D model designed in a computer-aided design (CAD) environment, where the deposition path and process parameters are generated. The article provides a description of the electron beam direct manufacturing (EBDM) system used for manufacturing of target parts with the aid of a case study. The control of the essential variables of dynamic beam deflection is also reviewed. The article also includes information on the applications of high-frequency multibeam processes, namely, selective surface treatment, multiple-pool welding, and pre- and post-heat treating.

This article describes the significance of the three variables that affect the resistance spot welding process: welding current, electrode force, and welding time. It presents the effects of weld spacing and surface preparation on weld quality. The article elaborates the typical sequence of steps for determining the satisfactory conditions for spot welding and the mechanical aspects that affect this process. It considers the effects of process variables on the weld lobe. The article reviews surface preparation, part fit-up, electrode drives, weld parameters, and tests associated with seam welding. It concludes with a discussion on the welding equipment and other factors associated with resistance spot and seam welding.

This article introduces the operating principles and modes of operation for high-vacuum (EBW-HV), Medium-vacuum (EBW-MV), and nonvacuum (EBW-NV) electron beam welding. Equipment, process sequence, part preparation, process control, and weld geometry are described for electron beam welding. Advantages are described in terms of welding near heat sensitive components or materials and producing deep penetration or shallow welds with the same equipment.

Electron-beam welding (EBW) can produce deep, narrow, and almost parallel-sided welds with low total heat input and relatively narrow heat-affected zones in a wide variety of common and exotic metals. This article discusses the joint configurations and shrinkage stresses encountered in various joint designs for electron-beam welding, as well as special joints and welds including multiple-pass welds, tangent-tube welds, three-piece welds, and multiple-tier welds. It provides a comparison of medium vacuum EBW with high-vacuum EBW. Scanning is a method of checking the run-out between the beam spot and the joint to be welded. The article describes various scanning techniques for welding dissimilar metals and provides information on the application of electron-beam wire-feed process for repairs. It concludes with a discussion on EBW of heat-resistant alloys, refractory metals, aluminum alloys, titanium alloys, copper and copper alloys, magnesium alloys, and beryllium.

Electron-beam welding (EBW) is a high-energy density fusion process that is accomplished by bombarding the joint to be welded with an intense (strongly focused) beam of electrons that have been accelerated up to velocities 0.3 to 0.7 times the speed of light at 25 to 200 kV, respectively. This article discusses the principles of operation, as well as the advantages and limitations of EBW. It reviews the basic variables employed for controlling the results of an electron-beam weld. These include accelerating voltage, beam current, welding speed, focusing current, and standoff distance. The article reviews the operation sequence and safety aspects of EBW.

The primary goal of quality control in electron beam (EB) welding is to consistently produce defect-free and structurally sound welds. This article discusses the common procedures for controlling the EB welding process, the control of the essential machine parameters, and the introduction of closed-loop controls and diagnostic feedback systems in the EB welding systems. It reviews the beam diagnostic tools that interrogate the beam to produce a reconstruction of the power density distribution and provide additional information on the size and shape of the EB. Knowledge of these beam parameters can be used to improve process understanding and control. The article also describes the application areas of beam diagnostics: machine characterization, weld parameter transfer, and weld quality control.

Projection welding is a variation of resistance welding in which current flow is concentrated at the point of contact with a local geometric extension of one (or both) of the parts being welded. This article focuses on the process fundamentals, advantages, and limitations of projection welding and reviews the equipment used in the process. It discusses projection welding of copper and copper alloys, aluminum and aluminum alloys, and steels. The article provides several specifications and recommended weld schedules and practices for projection welding. It describes the embossed-projection welding of heavy-, intermediate-, and thin-gage sheet mild steel as well as the welds between dissimilar thickness joints. The article also considers the solid-projection welding of steels: annular, nut, and cross-wire projection configurations. It also details the various tests that can be used to validate projection weld quality.

This article describes the operation procedures of wire rolling in a Turks Head machine. It discusses spring coiling, as well as the manual and power bending used in the wire forming process. The article contains a table that lists examples of several wire-forming production problems and solutions. Lubricants for wire forming such as inorganic fillers, soluble oils, and boundary lubricants are reviewed. The article also analyzes the applications of lubricants in wire forming.

Microjoining methods are commonly used to fabricate medical components and devices. This article describes key challenges involved during microjoining of medical device components. The primary mechanisms used in microjoining for medical device applications include microresistance spot welding (MRSW) and laser welding. The article illustrates the fundamental principles involved in MRSW and laser welding. The article presents examples of various microjoining methods used in medical device applications, including pacemaker and nitinol microscopic forceps.