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Book: Casting
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 15
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 December 2008
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v15.a0005351
EISBN: 978-1-62708-187-0
... the factors that influence the formation of inclusions. The article describes the three basic methods of mechanically removing or separating inclusions from molten metal. The methods include sedimentation, flotation, and positive filtration. The article provides a discussion on the types of molten-metal...
Abstract
In the handling of molten aluminum, it is fairly common to use filters as a part of the melting unit and in the gating and/or riser system. This article describes the methods of in-furnace and in-mold filtration, with an emphasis on the filtration of molten aluminum. It discusses the factors that influence the formation of inclusions. The article describes the three basic methods of mechanically removing or separating inclusions from molten metal. The methods include sedimentation, flotation, and positive filtration. The article provides a discussion on the types of molten-metal filters, including bonded-particle filters, cartridge filters, and ceramic foam filters. It lists the factors that are important in achieving optimum performance of any in-furnace filtering application. The article concludes with information on filtered metal quality and the methods of evaluation.
Book Chapter
Quenching with Molten Metal
Available to PurchaseSeries: ASM Handbook
Volume: 4B
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 30 September 2014
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v04b.a0005944
EISBN: 978-1-62708-166-5
... Abstract The use of gases or molten salts as the quenchant for steel parts is commonly limited to the quenching of high-alloy steel or the carbonizing quenching of low-alloy steel. This article reviews the quenching process of steels with molten metals (quenchant) such as molten lead, molten...
Abstract
The use of gases or molten salts as the quenchant for steel parts is commonly limited to the quenching of high-alloy steel or the carbonizing quenching of low-alloy steel. This article reviews the quenching process of steels with molten metals (quenchant) such as molten lead, molten bismuth, and molten sodium. It also contains tables that list the physical properties of lead, bismuth, sodium, and molten sodium.
Book Chapter
Transfer and Treatment of Molten Metal—An Introduction
Available to PurchaseBook: Casting
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 15
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 December 2008
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v15.a0005352
EISBN: 978-1-62708-187-0
... Abstract This article discusses various molten-metal treatments, namely fluxing, degassing, and molten-metal filtration. It focuses on various molten-metal handling systems for transporting, holding, or delivering molten metal to the mold/die system. These include launders, tundishes, holding...
Abstract
This article discusses various molten-metal treatments, namely fluxing, degassing, and molten-metal filtration. It focuses on various molten-metal handling systems for transporting, holding, or delivering molten metal to the mold/die system. These include launders, tundishes, holding furnaces or transport crucibles, molten-metal transfer pumps, teeming ladles, and dosing and pouring furnaces.
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Because it was completely surrounded by molten metal, the core that formed ...
Available to PurchasePublished: 01 December 2008
Fig. 28 Because it was completely surrounded by molten metal, the core that formed the passage through this investment casting expanded more in length than the mold when the metal was poured. This caused bending of the core, which influenced the casting wall thickness.
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Better flow of molten metal was obtained by eliminating the 0.406-in.-diame...
Available to PurchasePublished: 01 December 2008
Fig. 33 Better flow of molten metal was obtained by eliminating the 0.406-in.-diameter core adjacent to the gate of this investment casting. This enabled the metal streams at the extreme end of the cavity to unite properly.
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Image
The diecasting designers opted for a center-shot gate for molten metal flow...
Available to PurchasePublished: 01 December 2008
Fig. 11 The diecasting designers opted for a center-shot gate for molten metal flow. This allowed metal to flow uniformly and rapidly into all the thin-wall ribs and outer rim.
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Image
Because it was completely surrounded by molten metal, the core that formed ...
Available to PurchasePublished: 01 December 2008
Fig. 27 Because it was completely surrounded by molten metal, the core that formed the passage through this investment casting expanded more in length than the mold when the metal was poured. This caused bending of the core, which influenced the casting wall thickness.
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Image
Better flow of molten metal was obtained by eliminating the 10.3 mm (0.406 ...
Available to PurchasePublished: 01 December 2008
Fig. 32 Better flow of molten metal was obtained by eliminating the 10.3 mm (0.406 in.) diameter core adjacent to the gate of this investment casting. This enabled the metal streams at the extreme end of the cavity to unite properly. Dimensions given in inches
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Image
Effect of (a) mold coating thickness and (b) molten metal temperature on so...
Available to PurchasePublished: 01 December 2008
Fig. 5 Effect of (a) mold coating thickness and (b) molten metal temperature on solidification in horizontal centrifugal casting. Numbers 1 and 2 indicate liquidus and solidus curves, respectively.
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Fill trough for replenishing molten metal in a low-pressure furnace. Courte...
Available to PurchasePublished: 01 December 2008
Fig. 7 Fill trough for replenishing molten metal in a low-pressure furnace. Courtesy of CMI Equipment and Engineering, Inc., Augres, MI
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Molten metal circulation pumps. (a) Typical pump installation in a sidewell...
Available to PurchasePublished: 01 December 2008
Fig. 9 Molten metal circulation pumps. (a) Typical pump installation in a sidewell furnace. (b) Circulation well and pump
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Molten-metal pumps with ceramic posts and steel tension rods. (a) Recircula...
Available to PurchasePublished: 01 December 2008
Fig. 5 Molten-metal pumps with ceramic posts and steel tension rods. (a) Recirculation pump. (b) Transfer pump. (c) Pump elements. Courtesy of Metaullics Inc.
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Published: 01 December 2008
Image
Fill trough for replenishing molten metal in a low-pressure furnace. Courte...
Available to PurchasePublished: 30 November 2018
Fig. 13 Fill trough for replenishing molten metal in a low-pressure furnace. Courtesy of CMI Equipment and Engineering, Inc., Augres, Mich.
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Configuration of a high-performance line with molten metal quenching. (a) C...
Available to Purchase
in Processes and Furnace Equipment for Heat Treating of Tool Steels[1]
> Heat Treating of Irons and Steels
Published: 01 October 2014
Fig. 10 Configuration of a high-performance line with molten metal quenching. (a) Complete processing line. (b) Furnace section. 1, table for support ladder; 2, hardening furnace; 3, molten metal quench; 4, martensite cooler; 5, leveling furnace; 6, tempering furnace; 7, final cooler. Source
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Published: 01 January 1993
Book: Casting
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 15
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 December 2008
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v15.a0005198
EISBN: 978-1-62708-187-0
... furnaces tilting movable furnaces CRUCIBLES, in the form of well-fired clay pots, were present at the dawn of the metals industry, some 6000 years ago, and gave early metal workers the ability to melt metal in a durable container that could then be used to pour the molten material into a mold. Few...
Abstract
This article discusses the design parameters, operation, characteristics, properties, and advantages of various types of crucible furnaces, such as stationary, tilting, and movable furnaces. It also provides information on the application of the crucible furnaces.
Book Chapter
Cast Iron Foundry Practices
Available to PurchaseBook: Casting
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 15
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 December 2008
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v15.a0005294
EISBN: 978-1-62708-187-0
... Abstract This article reviews the production stages of iron foundry casting, with particular emphasis on the melting practices, molten metal treatment, and feeding of molten metal into sand molds. It discusses the molten metal treatments for high-silicon gray, high-nickel ductile, and malleable...
Abstract
This article reviews the production stages of iron foundry casting, with particular emphasis on the melting practices, molten metal treatment, and feeding of molten metal into sand molds. It discusses the molten metal treatments for high-silicon gray, high-nickel ductile, and malleable irons. Foundry practices are also described for compacted graphite, high-silicon ductile, and high-alloy white irons.
Book Chapter
Production of Gray Iron Castings
Available to PurchaseSeries: ASM Handbook
Volume: 1A
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 31 August 2017
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v01a.a0006329
EISBN: 978-1-62708-179-5
... Abstract Foundry practices critical to the production of cast irons include melting, alloying, molten metal treatment, pouring, and the design of feeding systems (gating and risering) to allow proper filling of the casting mold. This article reviews these production stages of iron foundry...
Abstract
Foundry practices critical to the production of cast irons include melting, alloying, molten metal treatment, pouring, and the design of feeding systems (gating and risering) to allow proper filling of the casting mold. This article reviews these production stages of iron foundry casting, with particular emphasis on the melting practices, molten metal treatment, and feeding of molten metal into sand molds. It discusses the castability factors, such as fluidity, shrinkage, and resistance, of gray iron. Typical cupola charge compositions and the final analyses for class 30 and class 40 gray iron castings are presented in a table. The article describes the induction melting and arc furnace melting used in gray iron foundries. It also reviews the inoculation methods such as stream inoculation and mold inoculation, of gray iron.
Book Chapter
Aluminum Alloy Ingot Casting and Continuous Processes
Available to PurchaseBook: Casting
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 15
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 December 2008
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v15.a0005286
EISBN: 978-1-62708-187-0
... Abstract Ingot casting is the vital conduit between molten metal provided by primary production and recycling and the manufacture of aluminum and aluminum alloy products. A number of ingot casting processes have been developed to ensure the soundness, integrity, and homogeneity required...
Abstract
Ingot casting is the vital conduit between molten metal provided by primary production and recycling and the manufacture of aluminum and aluminum alloy products. A number of ingot casting processes have been developed to ensure the soundness, integrity, and homogeneity required by downstream manufacturing processes. This article starts with a review of the different forms of ingot and the molten-metal processing techniques involved in ingot casting. It then describes the open-mold casting and direct chill (DC) ingot casting processes. The process variations and solidification in the DC process are summarized. The article explains continuous processes, namely, twin-roll strip casting, slab casting, and wheel-belt processes. It concludes with information on postsolidification processes, including stress relief and scalping, and a discussion of safety practices for ingot casting.
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