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Published: 01 January 1997
Fig. 10 A chart of Young's modulus, E , plotted against density, ρ. Solid materials are plotted at their ( E , ρ) point; shaping them by a factor ϕ moves them to the point ( E /ϕ, ρ/ϕ). All the previous selection strategies still apply. The diagonal line shows M ; the horizontal lines shows More
Book Chapter

By M.F. Ashby
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 20
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 1997
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v20.a0002452
EISBN: 978-1-62708-194-8
...-modulus, and normalized strength-thermal expansion charts. The article examines the use of material property charts in presenting information in a compact and easily accessible manner. fracture toughness-density chart fracture toughness-modulus chart fracture toughness-strength chart loss...
Image
Published: 01 January 1997
Fig. 1 The idea of a Materials Property Chart: Young's modulus, E , is plotted against the density, ρ, on log scales. Each class of material occupies a characteristic part of the chart. The log scales allow the longitudinal elastic wave velocity v = ( E /ρ) 1/2 to be plotted as a set More
Book Chapter

Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 2B
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 15 June 2019
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v02b.a0006740
EISBN: 978-1-62708-210-5
... Mechanical properties (A-Basis) for aluminum alloy 7097-T7651 plate Thickness, mm (in.) Tensile strength, F tu (a) , MPa (ksi) Tensile yield F ty (a) , MPa (ksi) Elongation, 4 D (a) , % Toughness, K IC , L-T orientation, MPa √m (ksi √in) Density, g/cm 3 (lb/in 3 ) Young’s modulus, L and LT...
Book Chapter

By M.F. Ashby
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 20
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 1997
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v20.a0002453
EISBN: 978-1-62708-194-8
... cost/kg; E = Young's modulus; ρ = density; ρ e = electrical resistivity; σ y = yield strength; σ e = endurance limit Applying the Indices and Limits: Property Charts The selection is made by creating materials property charts, onto which performance indices are plotted to give a sequence...
Book Chapter

By Frederick T. Wallenberger
Series: ASM Handbook Archive
Volume: 21
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 2001
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v21.a0003352
EISBN: 978-1-62708-195-5
... divided by the density of the material. Specific modulus and specific strength are commonly expressed in units of length, for example, 10 6 meter (Mm). (Units of modulus or strength over density are also used. In SI units, this is Mpa · m 3 /Mg. See the article “Material Property Charts” in Materials...
Book Chapter

Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 2B
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 15 June 2019
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v02b.a0006741
EISBN: 978-1-62708-210-5
... (27) 29 (26) 27 (25) 39 (35) 33 (30) 30 (27) SCC (ASTM G47) min, MPa (ksi) S-T … 170 (25) 170 (25) … 240 (35) 240 (35) EXCO (ASTM G34) Better or equal EB Better or equal to EA Density, g/cm 3 (lb/in. 3 ) 2.85 (0.103) Young’s modulus, GPa (× 10 6 psi) L 70.3 (10.2...
Book Chapter

Book: Casting
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 15
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 December 2008
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v15.a0009016
EISBN: 978-1-62708-187-0
... arrived at through modulus calculations must be verified against riser volume charts such as that given in Table 2 . Computerized Methods Over the past 15 years, a virtual revolution has taken place regarding computerized modeling methods. Programs can be grouped into two very general categories...
Book Chapter

Series: ASM Handbook Archive
Volume: 21
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 2001
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v21.a0003383
EISBN: 978-1-62708-195-5
... modulus and damping are interrelated, both are considered. The vibration properties of concern are the damping and the dynamic modulus, which are defined in Fig. 1 . When subjected to a stress cycle, all materials show a nonsingular relationship between stress and strain. The modulus is given...
Book Chapter

By George E. Dieter
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 20
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 1997
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v20.a0002450
EISBN: 978-1-62708-194-8
..., design for assembly. Source: Ref 1 At the concept level of design, essentially all materials and processes are considered rather broadly. The materials selection methodology and charts developed by Ashby ( Ref 2 ) are highly appropriate at this stage (see the articles “Material Property Charts...
Book Chapter

By Gary Runyon, Binky Sargent
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 7
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 30 September 2015
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v07.a0006056
EISBN: 978-1-62708-175-7
.... Particle size and organic binder content influence powder properties such as bulk density and flowability. Tap density according to ASTM B527, “Standard Test Method for Determination of Tap Density of Metal Powders and Compounds,” ( Ref 1 ) quantifies the bulk density of a powder that has settled...
Book Chapter

By J.R. Davis
Series: ASM Desk Editions
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 November 1995
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.emde.a0003005
EISBN: 978-1-62708-200-6
... 0.71 1.24 Silicon 0.17 0.30 Polystyrene (PS) 0.64 1.12 ABS 0.16 0.28 Zinc (ingot) 0.64 1.12 Mild steel (ingot) 0.14 0.25 High-density polyethylene (HDPE) 0.62 1.09 Amino resin thermoset 0.13 0.23 Polypropylene (PP) 0.57 1.00 Cast iron 0.11 0.19 Natural rubber...
Book Chapter

Series: ASM Desk Editions
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 November 1995
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.emde.a0003004
EISBN: 978-1-62708-200-6
... Material Density, g/cm 3 Melting point Maximum service temperature Thermal conductivity, W/m · K Coefficient of linear thermal expansion, from 25 to 800 °C (77 to 1470 °F), 10 −6 /°C Specific heat (mean) at 25 to 1000 °C (77 to 1830 °F), J/kg · °C Hardness, Mohs scale °C °F °C °F At 100 °C...
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 2
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 1990
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v02.a0001107
EISBN: 978-1-62708-162-7
... of various alumina ceramics Alumina content, % Bulk density, g/cm 3 Flexure strength, MPa (ksi) Fracture toughness, MPa m (ksi in. ) Hardness, GPa (10 6 psi) Elastic modulus, GPa (10 6 psi) Thermal conductivity, W/m · K (Btu/ft · h · °F) Linear coefficient of thermal...
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 20
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 1997
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v20.a0002468
EISBN: 978-1-62708-194-8
..., where ρ is the density of the material. In such cases, the weight of a member of a given stiffness can be easily shown to be proportional to ρ/ E and can be reduced by selecting a material with lower density or higher elastic modulus. When the component is subjected to bending, the dependence...
Book Chapter

By Victor A. Greenhut
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 20
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 1997
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v20.a0002490
EISBN: 978-1-62708-194-8
... Crystal structure Theoretical density, g/cm 3 Knoop or Vickers hardness Transverse rupture strength Fracture toughness Young's modulus Poisson's ratio Thermal expansion, 10 −6 /K Thermal conductivity, W/m · K GPa 10 6 psi MPa ksi MPa m ksi in. GPa 10 6 psi Glass...
Book Chapter

Series: ASM Desk Editions
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 November 1995
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.emde.a0003002
EISBN: 978-1-62708-200-6
... Material Specific gravity Tensile strength Elongation, % Modulus of elasticity Izod impact strength (notched) MPa ksi MPa ksi J/cm ft · lbf/in. Acetal copolymer 1.41 61 8.8 40–75 2830 410 0.64–0.85 1.2–1.6 Acetal homopolymer 1.42 69 10 25–50 3585 520 0.75 1.4...
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 8
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 2000
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v08.a0003257
EISBN: 978-1-62708-176-4
... in Table 4 . Sonic methods also offer an alternative and more accurate measurement of elastic properties, because the velocity of an extensional sound wave (i.e., longitudinal wave speed, V L ) is directly related to the square root of the ratio of elastic modulus and density as follows: (Eq 8...
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 24A
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 30 June 2023
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v24A.a0006952
EISBN: 978-1-62708-439-0
... records the indentation load ( P ) against the penetration depth of the indenter tip ( h ). Employing Oliver-Pharr equations ( Ref 1 , 2 ), the recorded P - h data can be converted to nanohardness (indentation hardness and Vickers hardness) and reduced modulus values. Because of recent advancements...
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 8
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 2000
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v08.a0003330
EISBN: 978-1-62708-176-4
... a couple of the most critical characteristics that define a product and strive for comparison against historical values rather than absolute properties. Many QC tests do not measure absolute mechanical properties. For example, flexural strength and modulus do not in general coincide with the strength...