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Published: 31 October 2011
Fig. 4 An example closed-loop control system employs both a setpoint selector model and a steady-state weld process model. The desired bead width, W Ref , and penetration, P Ref , are specified by the user. These parameters, as well as the workpiece thickness, H , are fed to a setpoint More
Book Chapter

By Michael J.S. Lowe
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 17
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 August 2018
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v17.a0006441
EISBN: 978-1-62708-190-0
... contexts in which its use is growing in other evolving applications. It discusses the various guided wave modes and their selection criteria. The article provides information on considerations for mode control and the sensitivity of the GWT to the defect. It also shows some examples of advanced GWT...
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 4C
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 09 June 2014
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v04c.a0005852
EISBN: 978-1-62708-167-2
... on process control modes, as well as on process signatures of some items that require control, monitoring, verifying, and logging methods. It provides information on programmable logic controllers that have become efficient in machine control and monitoring. The article describes possible noise issues...
Book Chapter

By Ian D. Harris
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 6
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 1993
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v06.a0001357
EISBN: 978-1-62708-173-3
... constriction and low welding current can be beneficial in controlling heat input and distortion. Advantages and Disadvantages The advantages of the PAW process are primarily intrinsic to the keyhole mode of operation, because greater thicknesses of metal can be penetrated in a single pass, compared...
Book Chapter

By Alan Richardson
Book: Casting
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 15
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 December 2008
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v15.a0005346
EISBN: 978-1-62708-187-0
... the advanced quality tools: advanced product quality planning, failure mode and effects analysis, control planning, measurement systems analysis, lean tools, statistical process control, production viability and tryout, and Six Sigma. advanced product quality planning control charts failure mode...
Book Chapter

By Koji Kato
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 18
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 31 December 2017
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v18.a0006394
EISBN: 978-1-62708-192-4
... are also given. This article discusses the influence of size and number of wear particles on polishing at three abrasive wear modes. These include cutting, wedge forming, and plowing. The article concludes with information on applications and prospects of polishing wear control. abrasive wear modes...
Book Chapter

By Robin Lampson, Todd Telfer
Book: Casting
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 15
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 December 2008
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v15.a0005205
EISBN: 978-1-62708-187-0
... Abstract Plasma melting is a material-processing technique in which the heat of thermal plasma is used to melt a material. This article discusses two typical design principles of plasma torches in the transferred mode: the tungsten tip design and the hollow copper electrode design. It describes...
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 6A
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 31 October 2011
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v06a.a0005615
EISBN: 978-1-62708-174-0
... Abstract This article introduces the operating principles and modes of operation for high-vacuum (EBW-HV), Medium-vacuum (EBW-MV), and nonvacuum (EBW-NV) electron beam welding. Equipment, process sequence, part preparation, process control, and weld geometry are described for electron beam...
Book Chapter

By Ian D. Harris
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 6A
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 31 October 2011
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v06a.a0005582
EISBN: 978-1-62708-174-0
..., current and operating modes, advantages, disadvantages, and applications of PAW. It discusses the personnel and equipment requirements, as well as the joints used in the process. The power source, plasma control console, water cooler, welding torch, and gas supply system for the plasma and shielding gases...
Book Chapter

By Robert Baboian
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 13A
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 2003
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v13a.a0003607
EISBN: 978-1-62708-182-5
... Abstract This article describes the various factors that affect the extent of corrosion resulting from galvanic coupling. The factors include galvanic series, polarization behavior, and geometric relationship of metals and alloys. The article briefly discusses the various modes of attack...
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 18
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 31 December 2017
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v18.a0006426
EISBN: 978-1-62708-192-4
... provides information on bearing load ratings, standard bearing geometries, rolling bearing friction factors, and wear and its control methods. It concludes with a discussion on damage modes of bearings. antifriction bearings ball bearings elastohydrodynamic lubrication friction grease lubrication...
Book Chapter

By Ian D. Harris
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 6
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 1993
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v06.a0001362
EISBN: 978-1-62708-173-3
... Abstract Plasma-metal inert gas (MIG) welding can be defined as a combination of plasma arc welding (PAW) and gas-metal arc welding (GMAW) within a single torch, where a filler wire is fed through the plasma nozzle orifice. This article describes the principles of operation and operating modes...
Book Chapter

By W.R. Kanne, Jr.
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 6
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 1993
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v06.a0001367
EISBN: 978-1-62708-173-3
... Abstract Upset welding (UW) is a resistance welding process utilizing both heat and deformation to form a weld. A wide variety of shapes and materials can be joined using upset welding in either a single-pulse or continuous mode. This article discusses the advantages and disadvantages of upset...
Book Chapter

By Roger Lewis, Mohanad Zalzalah, Tom Slatter
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 11
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 15 January 2021
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v11.a0006793
EISBN: 978-1-62708-295-2
... situations, the bodies tend to be large and contact in a well-defined location in a controlled way, unlike erosion where the eroding particles are small and interact randomly with the target surface. This article describes some generic features and modes of impact wear of metals, ceramics, and polymers...
Book Chapter

By N.X. Randall
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 23
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 June 2012
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v23.a0005668
EISBN: 978-1-62708-198-6
.... The article illustrates a practical tribocorrosion setup that allows a user to perform wear tests in corrosive environments under well-defined electrochemical conditions and at controlled temperature. It explains the effect of changes in electrical contact resistance on tribological mode. The article...
Book Chapter

By John B. Bowles
Series: ASM Handbook Archive
Volume: 11
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 2002
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v11.a0003503
EISBN: 978-1-62708-180-1
... to 82 °C (140 to 180 °F). The pilot light is always on and the gas valve operates the main burner in full-on/full-off modes. The controller is operated by the temperature measuring and comparing device. The check valve in the water inlet pipe prevents reverse flow due to overpressure in the hot water...
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 6A
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 31 October 2011
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v06a.a0005621
EISBN: 978-1-62708-174-0
... of the arc in conventional short-circuit arc welding is violent ( Fig. 7 ), resulting in considerable spatter. Development of higher levels of electronic control of power sources has resulted in several additional variants of electronically controlled short-circuit transfer mode. In these cases, the arc...
Book Chapter

By Chuck VanHorn
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 5
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 1994
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v05.a0001262
EISBN: 978-1-62708-170-2
...-voltage mode, the peak current is not useful for controlling the plating rate. An amp-minute controller is needed to accurately control the plating thickness. Fig. 2 Constant-current pulse plating with an on-time of 5 ms, an off-time of 45 ms, and a peak current of 75 A. Because the current...
Book Chapter

By Paul West
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 10
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 15 December 2019
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v10.a0006658
EISBN: 978-1-62708-213-6
... electronic controller is used in the AFM for controlling the motion of the Z ceramic ( Fig. 8 ). Fig. 8 Diagram illustrating the feedback loop used in nonvibrating-mode atomic force microscopy. A photodetector measures the motion of the cantilever, so when the cantilever bends, the top-bottom (T-B...
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 6
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 1993
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v06.a0001335
EISBN: 978-1-62708-173-3
.... and Siewert T.A. , Sensing of GMAW Droplet Transfer Modes Using an ER100S-1 Electrode , Weld. J. , Vol 69 ( No. 3 ), March 1990 , p 103-s to 108-s 9. Lesnewich A. , Control of Melting Rate and Metal Transfer in Gas-Shielded Metal-Arc Welding, Part II—Control of Metal Transfer...