Microvalve jetting, with its advantages of low cost, ease of operation, high printing speed, and ability to process living cells with high viability, has been primarily used for fabricating high-throughput drug-screening models, in vitro cellular structures for fundamental cell biology research, and cell-laden structures for regenerating tissues or organs in the human body after disease or trauma. This article provides an overview of microvalve jetting of biomaterials, including operational parameters. The jetting technologies covered are inkjet printing, microvalve jetting, and laser-assisted jetting. The parameters covered include nozzle size (nozzle inner diameter), pneumatic pressure, valve-opening time, and printing speed of microvalve jetting. Subsequently, the article discusses biomaterials for microvalve jetting in terms of biomaterial definition, required properties for a suitable biomaterial, currently used biomaterials, and cells and cellular structures. Additionally, applications of microvalve jetting in biomedical engineering are presented, which include cellular and RNA analysis, high-throughput drug screening, and tissue engineering.

Of the seven additive manufacturing (AM) processes, this article focuses on the vat photopolymerization, or simply vat polymerization, process, while briefly discussing the other six AM processes. Vat polymerization and its characteristics, AM applications in medical fields, and the regulatory challenges of vat polymerization-based bioprinting are presented.

The article presents an in-depth discussion on the various additive manufacturing techniques such as binder jetting, directed-energy deposition, material extrusion, material jetting, powder-bed fusion, sheet lamination, and vat polymerization processes. This article then discusses the different critical material aspects of additively manufactured medical devices, beginning with the preprinting phase (material consistency and recycling), the printing phase (build orientation), and the postprinting phase (part evaluation, biocompatibility, and sterilization) with supporting materials.

This article focuses on the pneumatic extrusion-based system for biomaterials. It provides an overview of additive manufacturing (AM) processes, followed by sections covering steps and major approaches for the 3D bioprinting process. Then, the article discusses the types, processes, advantages, limitations, and applications of AM technology and extrusion-based approaches. Next, it provides information on the research on extrusion-based printing. Finally, the article provides a comparison of the extrusion-based approach with other approaches.

This article discusses the state of the art in the 3D bioprinting field. It examines the printability of protein-based biopolymers and provides key printing parameters, along with a brief description of the main current 3D bioprinting approaches. The article presents some studies investigating 3D bioprinting of naturally derived proteins for the production of structurally and functionally biomimetic scaffolds, which create a microenvironment for cells resembling that of the native tissues. It describes key structural proteins processed in the form of hydrogels, such as collagen, silk, fibrin, and others such as elastin, decellularized matrix, and Matrigel (Corning), which are used as biomaterials.