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Image
Published: 01 December 2004
Fig. 1 Areal analysis. (a) Gray scale microstructural image of a metal-matrix composite depicting SiC particles in an aluminum alloy matrix. (b) Binary image of microstructure in (a) depicting excellent segmentation of the SiC particles as the dark phase. The area fraction of SiC particles More
Image
Published: 30 June 2023
Fig. 1 Computational modeling spanning a hierarchy of microstructural length scales (right) and advanced experimental characterization techniques (left) used for calibration and validation. SAM, scanning acoustic microscopy; SANS, small-angle neutron scattering; XRD, x-ray diffraction; APFIM More
Book Chapter

By Rohit Trivedi, Erin Sunseri
Book: Casting
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 15
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 December 2008
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v15.a0005210
EISBN: 978-1-62708-187-0
... the columnar and equiaxed microstructures. The formation of cellular and dendritic structures in one- and two-phase structures is presented with emphasis on the effect of processing conditions and composition on the selection of microstructure and microstructure scales. microsegregation nonplanar...
Book Chapter

By Paul D. Jablonski
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 4E
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 June 2016
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v04e.a0006257
EISBN: 978-1-62708-169-6
..., and microstructural scale for homogenization of metal alloys. It also discusses the CALPHAD software to optimize the homogenization heat treatment and the Scheil module of the commercial thermodynamic modeling software. castings computational algorithm heat treatment homogenization incipient melt point...
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 22B
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 November 2010
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v22b.a0005508
EISBN: 978-1-62708-197-9
... of deformation heating on flow stress. It provides metallurgical considerations at hot working temperatures and presents flow curves at conventional metalworking strain rates. The article describes the effect of microstructural scale, crystallographic texture, and equiaxed phases on flow stress at hot working...
Image
Published: 01 December 2004
Fig. 1 Gray-scale images of microstructures (left) and binary representations of selected features (right). (a) Grains in austenitic stainless steel. (b) Pores in sintered CeO 2 . (c) Pearlite areas in carbon steel bar More
Image
Published: 01 December 2004
Fig. 3 Gray-scale images of microstructures (left) and binary representations of selected features (right) of a titanium-matrix SiC fiber-reinforced composite. (a) Medium-quality specimen, fiber core detectable. (b) Medium-quality specimen, full sections of fibers detectable. (c) High-quality More
Image
Published: 01 December 2004
Fig. 8 Cementite particles in the microstructure of AISI W2 steel. Gray-scale (left) and binary (right) images of the particles are visible. More
Image
Published: 30 June 2023
Fig. 8 Direct simulation of (small) part-scale microstructure at four scan velocities. Source: Ref 30 More
Image
Published: 01 November 2010
Fig. 1 Atoms to microstructure. Relationship between scales of different simulation methods. Source: Ref 3 More
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 22A
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 December 2009
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v22a.a0005405
EISBN: 978-1-62708-196-2
... to augment costly experiments that characterize dependence of fatigue response on material microstructure, thereby reducing cycle time for insertion of modified or new materials. Microstructure-sensitive modeling must address key aspects of physical processes of fatigue from the scales of submicron...
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 22B
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 November 2010
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v22b.a0005522
EISBN: 978-1-62708-197-9
...: The reliable determination of the thermophysical and related properties of metallic melts in order to understand the fundamentals of complex melts (e.g., multicomponent alloys, intermetallics, semiconductors, etc.) The reliable determination of the formation and selection mechanisms at microstructure scales...
Book Chapter

By Ch.-A. Gandin, I. Steinbach
Book: Casting
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 15
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 December 2008
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v15.a0005236
EISBN: 978-1-62708-187-0
... Abstract Modeling of structure formation in casting of alloys involves several length scales, ranging from the atomic level to macroscopic scale. Intermediate length scales are used to define the microstructure of the growing phases and the grain structure. This article discusses the principles...
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 19
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 1996
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v19.a0002358
EISBN: 978-1-62708-193-1
... growth may be different due to the effects of localized plasticity, crack closure, microstructural influences on crack-tip strain, or localized crack-tip chemistry. In some cases, the basic continuum mechanics assumptions of material homogeneity and small-scale yielding may be violated for small-crack...
Book Chapter

By Jonathan A. Dantzig
Book: Casting
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 15
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 December 2008
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v15.a0005208
EISBN: 978-1-62708-187-0
... and time scale of interest for the problem at hand. Methods for doing so are described in the section “Scaling” in this article. Finally, several examples are given of the application of transport phenomena in solidification, focusing in particular on microstructure formation. Balance Equations...
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 22A
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 December 2009
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v22a.a0005406
EISBN: 978-1-62708-196-2
... and microstructure. The article describes the principles of the PF method and provides information on the applications of the PF method. The CA model is introduced as a computationally efficient method to predict grain structures in castings using the mesoscopic scale of individual grains. The article discusses...
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 1A
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 31 August 2017
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v01a.a0006314
EISBN: 978-1-62708-179-5
... the solidification microstructure of cast iron. Analytical as well as numerical models describing solidification phenomena at both macroscopic and microscopic scales are presented. The article introduces macroscopic transport equations and presents analytical microscopic models for solidification. These models...
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 9
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 December 2004
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v09.a0003729
EISBN: 978-1-62708-177-1
... Abstract Computational modeling assists in addressing the issues of solid/liquid interface dynamics at the microlevel. It also helps to visualize the grain length scale, fraction of phases, or even microstructure transitions through microstructure maps. This article provides a detailed account...
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 1A
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 31 August 2017
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v01a.a0006342
EISBN: 978-1-62708-179-5
... the general preparation of metallographic specimens and the methods of macroscopic and microscopic examination. Usually, gray-scale (black-and-white) metallography is sufficient for microstructural analysis of cast irons. The article discusses the use of color metallography of gray irons and ductile irons...
Book Chapter

By Darcy A. Hughes, Niels Hansen
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 9
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 December 2004
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v09.a0003742
EISBN: 978-1-62708-177-1
.... The resulting angle of rotation is called the boundary misorientation angle. A high-resolution TEM micrograph ( Fig. 4 ) illustrates this crystal rotation on the atomic scale. The mosaic, or microstructural pattern, subdivides original grains during deformation ( Fig. 5 ). Fig. 3 Transmission electron...