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microexamination

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Published: 01 January 2002
Fig. 13 Weld in AISI type 316 heat-exchanger shell that failed due to hot shortness. (a) Longitudinal section of weld; the dotted line indicated how the sample was sectioned for microexamination. Approximately 2 1 2 ×. (b) Micrograph of section from weld. Hot shortness resulted More
Image
Published: 30 August 2021
Fig. 13 Weld in AISI type 316 heat-exchanger shell that failed due to hot shortness. (a) Longitudinal section of weld; dotted line indicates how the sample was sectioned for microexamination. Original magnification: ~2½×. (b) Micrograph of section from weld. Hot shortness resulted More
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 9
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 December 2004
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v09.a0003781
EISBN: 978-1-62708-177-1
..., which are present in the microstructure of zinc alloys. The article also provides information on microexamination that helps to determine the dendrite arm spacing, as well as the grain size, grain boundaries, and grain counts. aluminum cadmium copper dendrite arm spacing etching grain...
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 9
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 December 2004
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v09.a0003774
EISBN: 978-1-62708-177-1
... Abstract Magnesium and its alloys are among the most difficult metals to prepare for metallographic examination. This article describes specimen preparation processes, including sectioning, mounting, grinding, and polishing. It discusses macro and microexamination techniques as well as related...
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 9
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 December 2004
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v09.a0003768
EISBN: 978-1-62708-177-1
... Abstract This article focuses on the specimen preparation procedures of austenitic manganese steels: sectioning, mounting, and grinding. It provides information on macroexamination and microexamination of a fracture surface, the microstructure and special features of austenitic manganese steels...
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 9
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 December 2004
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v09.a0003779
EISBN: 978-1-62708-177-1
... on the macroexamination and microexamination for these alloys. It concludes with a discussion on the several metallographic techniques developed for specific purposes, such as recrystallization studies and microstructure/fracture topography correlations. alpha alloys alpha-beta alloys beta titanium alloys...
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 9
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 December 2004
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v09.a0003770
EISBN: 978-1-62708-177-1
... provides information on the specimen preparation procedures, macroexamination, microexamination, and microstructures of beryllium, copper-beryllium alloys, as well as nickel-beryllium alloys. It also discusses health and safety measures associated with the specimen preparation of beryllium and beryllium...
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 9
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 December 2004
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v09.a0003777
EISBN: 978-1-62708-177-1
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 9
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 December 2004
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v09.a0003780
EISBN: 978-1-62708-177-1
... and mechanical working processes. depleted uranium etching grain structure inclusions macroexamination mechanical working metal flow geometry metallography microexamination microstructure physical metallurgy segregation pattern solidification thin foils transmission electron microscopy...
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 9
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 December 2004
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v09.a0003797
EISBN: 978-1-62708-177-1
... spots on the fracture surface of 86WC-8(Ta,Ti,Nb)C-6Co alloy. 500×. Microexamination Qualitative metallography in cemented carbides consists of evaluation of apparent porosity and carbide grain size. Apparent porosity is evaluated on the as-polished specimen using the ASTM B 276 procedure...
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 12
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 1987
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v12.a0001832
EISBN: 978-1-62708-181-8
... of stress, the relative ductility of the material, and the type of loading (torsion, shear, bending, and so on) can often be determined from visual analysis. Finally, a careful macroexamination is necessary to characterize the condition of the fracture surface so that the subsequent microexamination...
Series: ASM Desk Editions
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 December 1998
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.mhde2.a0003247
EISBN: 978-1-62708-199-3
... copper and copper alloys for macroexamination and microexamination is subject to the same general rules and recommendations as those that apply to preparation of specimens of other metals. Technique for Macroexamination Specimens for macroscopic examination are extracted from larger masses using...
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 9
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 December 2004
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v09.a0003765
EISBN: 978-1-62708-177-1
... of eutectic cells also increases, and their microstructure changes, promoting radial-spherical shape ( Ref 2 ). Preparation for Microexamination Preparation of cast iron specimens for microstructural examination is difficult due to the need to properly retain the very soft graphite phase, when present...
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 6
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 1993
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v06.a0001431
EISBN: 978-1-62708-173-3
... tests  Microexamination tests Nondestructive tests Visual inspection Liquid penetrant inspection Magnetic particle inspection Radiographic inspection Tests to evaluate the mechanical or corrosion properties of weldments are described in detail in several sources ( Ref 1 , 2...
Series: ASM Desk Editions
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 December 1998
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.mhde2.a0003245
EISBN: 978-1-62708-199-3
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 9
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 December 2004
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v09.a0003773
EISBN: 978-1-62708-177-1
.... Liquid coolants minimize the possibility of overheating. The cutoff wheels in such machines produce specimens with surfaces that often are smooth enough to require only light grinding and polishing prior to microexamination. Lead storage batteries account for approximately 75% of lead alloy use ( Ref...
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 1A
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 31 August 2017
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v01a.a0006342
EISBN: 978-1-62708-179-5
.... The specimens can be etched by immersion in a stock solution for periods up to 3 h. The time of immersion is found by trial, but, in general, irons containing coarse cell structures take longer than irons containing fine cell structures. Etching for Microexamination Etching is normally done by holding...
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 9
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 December 2004
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v09.a0003766
EISBN: 978-1-62708-177-1
... heated to produce a blue temper color, because the uncolored oxides exhibit strong contrast against the dark fracture. Microexamination Sectioning Relatively soft specimens (less than 35 HRC) can be cut using band saws or hacksaws. However, such operations produce a substantial zone...
Series: ASM Handbook Archive
Volume: 11
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 2002
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v11.a0001817
EISBN: 978-1-62708-180-1
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 13A
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 2003
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v13a.a0003622
EISBN: 978-1-62708-182-5