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Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 19
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 1996
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v19.a0002355
EISBN: 978-1-62708-193-1
... Abstract This article presents an overview of fatigue crack nucleation from the point of view of the material microstructure and its evolution during cycling. It describes the sites of microcrack nucleation at the free surfaces. The article discusses the relation of dislocation structures...
Image
Published: 01 January 2002
Fig. 8 Microcrack formation at twin intersections. (a, b, c) Incipient crack nucleation by dislocation reactions at the intersection of mechanical twins. (d) Incipient crack nucleation by strain concentration created when a growing twin intersects a previously existing twin. The direction More
Image
Published: 15 January 2021
Fig. 8 Microcrack formation at twin intersections. (a, b, c) Incipient crack nucleation by dislocation reactions at the intersection of mechanical twins. (d) Incipient crack nucleation by strain concentration created when a growing twin intersects a previously existing twin. Stress direction More
Series: ASM Handbook Archive
Volume: 12
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 1987
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v12.a0000603
EISBN: 978-1-62708-181-8
...; and microcrack initiation and propagation. brittle fracture cleavage fracture fatigue cracks fatigue fracture ferritic ductile iron fractographs microcracking pearlitic ductile iron Fig. 36, 37, 38, 39, 40 Brittle cleavage fracture of ductile iron spur gear (ASTM A536, grade 100-70-03) due...
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 19
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 1996
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v19.a0002356
EISBN: 978-1-62708-193-1
... initiation period , including crack nucleation and microcrack growth The crack growth period , covering the growth of a visible crack ( Fig. 2 ) There is an obvious question of defining the transition from the initiation period to the crack growth period, but that will be addressed later. Fig...
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 8
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 2000
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v08.a0003313
EISBN: 978-1-62708-176-4
... better understanding and simulation of both crack nucleation and the subsequent crack growth mechanisms. This article reviews three basic types of fatigue properties: stress-life, strain life, and fracture mechanic crack growth. crack initiation crack nucleation crack propagation fatigue...
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 8
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 2000
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v08.a0003299
EISBN: 978-1-62708-176-4
..., such as inclusions, grain boundary impurities, second phases, triple junctions, and pores are mainly responsible for the nucleation of microcracks that lead to fracture in ceramics ( Ref 14 , 16 , 17 ). However, the difference in the characteristics of crack growth from these inhomogeneities is mainly responsible...
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 19
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 1996
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v19.a0002409
EISBN: 978-1-62708-193-1
... the transformation temperature, held for a time, and then very slowly cooled. Most of this structure is continuous primary alpha phase and regrowth alpha (that is, alpha that has formed on the preexisting primary alpha phase). The primary alpha existed at the upper temperature and nucleated the regrowth alpha during...
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 19
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 1996
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v19.a0002366
EISBN: 978-1-62708-193-1
.... The curve representing the fraction of life to a 0.1 mm crack is termed “crack nucleation” in Fig. 6(a) and 6(b) , but it actually reflects microcrack propagation to this length. Fig. 6(a) Data of Socie on 1045 steel for life to 0.1 mm and 1 mm cracks ( N / N f = 1) for torsional and uniaxial...
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 5
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 1994
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v05.a0001286
EISBN: 978-1-62708-170-2
... Abstract This article describes eight stages of the atomistic film growth: vaporization of the material, transport of the material to the substrate, condensation and nucleation of the atoms, nuclei growth, interface formation, film growth, changes in structure during the deposition...
Series: ASM Handbook Archive
Volume: 11
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 2002
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v11.a0003565
EISBN: 978-1-62708-180-1
...: Ref 22 In the case of impacting bodies, the white layer builds up on the wear surface as impacts progress and becomes intensely work hardened. As a result, microcracks are easily nucleated within the white layer material (see Fig. 7a ). The path of least resistance along which the cracks can...
Series: ASM Handbook Archive
Volume: 12
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 1987
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v12.a0000610
EISBN: 978-1-62708-181-8
... candy fracture, cleavage fracture, brittle fracture, high-cycle fatigue fracture, fatigue striations, hydrogen-embrittlement failure, creep crack propagation, fatigue crack nucleation, intergranular creep fracture, torsional overload fracture, stress-corrosion cracking, and grain-boundary damage...
Book Chapter

Series: ASM Handbook Archive
Volume: 11
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 2002
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v11.a0003544
EISBN: 978-1-62708-180-1
... to a better understanding of both crack nucleation in regions of localized strain and the subsequent crack growth mechanisms outside the plastic zone in the qualification of component designs or to conduct failure analyses. Infinite-Life Criterion (<italic>S</italic>-<italic>N</italic> Curves) The safe...
Book Chapter

Series: ASM Handbook Archive
Volume: 11
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 2002
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v11.a0003541
EISBN: 978-1-62708-180-1
... Stress cracking implies the localized failure that occurs when localized stresses produce excessive localized strain. This localized failure results in the formation of microcracks that spread rapidly throughout the local area. Brittle materials are more prone to stress cracking than to stress whitening...
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 11B
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 15 May 2022
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v11B.a0006865
EISBN: 978-1-62708-395-9
... polyethylene Before proceeding further, several terms need to be defined. Stress Cracking Stress cracking implies the localized failure that occurs when localized stresses produce excessive localized strain. This localized failure results in the formation of microcracks that spread rapidly...
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 12
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 June 2024
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v12.a0007033
EISBN: 978-1-62708-387-4
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 19
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 1996
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v19.a0002353
EISBN: 978-1-62708-193-1
..., initiation of one or more microcracks, propagation or coalescence of microcracks to form one or more microcracks, and propagation of one or more macrocracks. coalescence crack propagation cyclic stress fatigue crack initiation fatigue damage fatigue failure metals microcracks plastic strain...
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 11
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 15 January 2021
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v11.a0006793
EISBN: 978-1-62708-295-2
... In the case of impacting bodies, the white layer builds up on the wear surface as impacts progress and becomes intensely work hardened. As a result, microcracks are easily nucleated within the white layer material ( Fig. 8a ). The path of least resistance along which the cracks can propagate...
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 4D
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 October 2014
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v04d.a0005982
EISBN: 978-1-62708-168-9
..., and the formation and causes of microcracks. The article discusses the effects of alloying elements on hardenability, the effects of excessive retained austenite and massive carbides on fatigue resistance, the effects of residual stresses and internal oxidation on fatigue performance of carburized steels...
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 22A
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 December 2009
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v22a.a0005405
EISBN: 978-1-62708-196-2
... of monitoring via an inspection scheme. This article begins with a discussion on the stages of the fatigue damage process. It describes hierarchical multistage fatigue modeling and several key points regarding the physics of crack nucleation and microstructurally small crack propagation in the HCF regime...