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Series: ASM Handbook Archive
Volume: 11
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 2002
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v11.a0003532
EISBN: 978-1-62708-180-1
... Abstract This article provides a discussion on the metallographic techniques used for failure analysis, and on fracture examination in materials, with illustrations. It discusses various metallographic specimen preparation techniques, namely, sectioning, mounting, grinding, polishing...
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 11
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 15 January 2021
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v11.a0006765
EISBN: 978-1-62708-295-2
... Abstract Metallographic examination is one of the most important procedures used by metallurgists in failure analysis. Typically, the light microscope (LM) is used to assess the nature of the material microstructure and its influence on the failure mechanism. Microstructural examination can...
Book Chapter

By Thomas F. Murphy
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 7
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 30 September 2015
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v07.a0006116
EISBN: 978-1-62708-175-7
... Abstract Metallographic analysis is primarily a collection of visual and imaging techniques that provide an insight into the background of a material or part and its behavior. Metallic specimens, both porous and pore-free, are opaque, and as a result, an optical examination must be performed...
Book Chapter

By W. R. Warke
Series: ASM Handbook Archive
Volume: 11
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 2002
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v11.a0003553
EISBN: 978-1-62708-180-1
... analysis, metallographic analysis, and simulated-service tests. It provides case studies for the analysis of SCC service failures and their occurrence in steels, stainless steels, and commercial alloys of aluminum, copper, magnesium, and titanium. aluminum alloys austenitic stainless steel carbon...
Book Chapter

By B. Lynn Ferguson
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 14A
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 2005
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v14a.a0003988
EISBN: 978-1-62708-185-6
... forged materials: the part dimensions and surface finish measurement, magnetic particle inspection, metallographic analysis, and nondestructive testing. It concludes with a discussion on the applications of powder forged parts with examples. ferrous alloy powder forging inclusions magnetic...
Image
Published: 01 June 2024
Fig. 51 View of Fig. 50 at 7.5× magnification of locations 1 through 3 after cleaning the part. Section M was selected for metallographic analysis. Source: Ref 28 More
Image
Published: 01 June 2024
Fig. 72 Magnified view of location 1 in Fig. 71 . Locations 1A and 1B were selected for closer inspection. Section M was selected for metallographic analysis. Original magnification: 6×. Source: Ref 29 More
Book Chapter

By Debbie Aliya
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 9
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 December 2004
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v09.a0003746
EISBN: 978-1-62708-177-1
... analysis. consumable-abrasive cutting failure analysis metallographic sectioning nonconsumable-abrasive cutting specimen extraction SECTIONING, the removal of a conveniently sized and representative specimen from a larger piece, is the first major operation in the preparation...
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 9
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 December 2004
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v09.a0003751
EISBN: 978-1-62708-177-1
... ) describe field metallography replication techniques used for damage assessment of power-generating components. Damage assessment is the most significant application of field metallography. At some point in time, for example, the metallographic analysis will indicate that a rotor or steam pipe, exposed...
Book Chapter

By M.L. Wayman
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 9
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 December 2004
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v09.a0003803
EISBN: 978-1-62708-177-1
... as is possible about the chemical, thermal, and mechanical histories of the objects since production. Previous treatments of this topic are included in Ref 3 , 4 , 5 . In comparison with metallographic analysis carried out on modern materials, there are a number of special problems that confront people...
Book Chapter

By Rathindra DasGupta
Book: Casting
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 15
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 December 2008
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v15.a0005340
EISBN: 978-1-62708-187-0
... are subsequently analyzed metallographically. Methods of analysis based on the above principle include the Porous Disc Filtration Analysis (PoDFA) (ABB Bomem), Liquid Aluminum Inclusion Sampler (LAIS), and the Prefil Footprinter (ABB Bomem). In the PoDFA technique ( Ref 1 ) (see Fig. 3 ), approximately 2...
Book Chapter

By Walter Riggs, Dana Rucker
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 5A
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 August 2013
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v05a.a0005729
EISBN: 978-1-62708-171-9
... Abstract Metallographic examination is a critical step in the assessment of thermal spray coating characteristics. This article discusses the major steps involved in metallographic examination: sectioning, mounting, grinding, polishing, optical microscopy, and image analysis. It provides...
Book Chapter

By M.R. Louthan, Jr.
Series: ASM Handbook Archive
Volume: 10
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 1986
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v10.a0001754
EISBN: 978-1-62708-178-8
... structure and properties, metallographic characterization is used in materials specification, quality control, quality assurance, process control, and failure analysis. Optical metallography is applicable to studies ranging from fundamental research to production evaluations. This article will discuss...
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 1A
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 31 August 2017
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v01a.a0006342
EISBN: 978-1-62708-179-5
... the general preparation of metallographic specimens and the methods of macroscopic and microscopic examination. Usually, gray-scale (black-and-white) metallography is sufficient for microstructural analysis of cast irons. The article discusses the use of color metallography of gray irons and ductile irons...
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 9
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 December 2004
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v09.a0003791
EISBN: 978-1-62708-177-1
...) alloy, etched in 10% oxalic acid for 3 s. (e) 75Cr 3 C 2 /25Ni-Cr, as-polished. 200×. (f) 75Cr 3 C 2 /25Ni-Cr, etched in oxalic acid for 3 s. 1000×. Source: Ref 12 Other Methods of Analysis Image Analysis While conventional metallographic analysis leads to qualitative interpretation...
Book Chapter

Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 11
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 15 January 2021
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v11.a0006757
EISBN: 978-1-62708-295-2
... the processes involved in the selection of metallurgical samples, the preparation and examination of metallographic specimens in failure analysis, and the analysis and interpretation of microstructures. Examination and evaluation of polymers and ceramic materials in failure analysis are also briefly discussed...
Book Chapter

By George F. Vander Voort
Series: ASM Handbook Archive
Volume: 11
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 2002
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v11.a0003520
EISBN: 978-1-62708-180-1
... Abstract This article outlines the basic steps to be followed and the range of techniques available for failure analysis, namely, background data assembling, visual examination, microfractography, chemical analysis, metallographic examination, electron microscopy, electron microprobe analysis...
Book Chapter

By Iain Le May
Series: ASM Handbook Archive
Volume: 11
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 2002
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v11.a0003522
EISBN: 978-1-62708-180-1
..., Auger electron spectroscopy, secondary ion mass spectroscopy, and X-ray powder diffraction. The article discusses the analysis and interpretation of base material composition and microstructures. Preparation and examination of metallographic specimens in failure analysis are also discussed. The article...
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 12
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 June 2024
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v12.a0007038
EISBN: 978-1-62708-387-4
... Metallographic preparation and evaluation often performed in failure analysis investigations Table 6 Metallographic preparation and evaluation often performed in failure analysis investigations Technique Pertinent information Metallographic preparation Section, mount, polish, and etch...
Image
Published: 01 January 2002
Fig. 19 Optical metallograph. (a) Typical optical metallograph used in failure analysis photography. (b) Optical metallograph photograph of a microstructure More