Search Results for melting temperatures

Fusible alloys, eutectic and noneutectic, include a group of binary, ternary, quaternary, and quinary alloys containing bismuth, lead, tin, cadmium, and indium that melt at relatively low temperatures. This article describes the composition and mechanical properties of these alloys and lists the values of their composition and melting temperatures.

This article focuses on the use of indium and bismuth in low-melting-temperature solders and fusible alloys. It describes how the two elements typically occur in nature and how they are recovered and processed for commercial use. It also provides information on designations, classification, composition, properties (including temperatures ranges), and some of the other ways in which indium and bismuth alloys are used.

This article describes the control of alloy composition and impurity levels in die casting of zinc alloys based on agitation, use of foundry scrap, and melt temperature and fluxing. It reviews the process considerations for the melt processing of the zinc alloys. The process considerations include the usage of furnaces and launder system, scrap return, inclusions in zinc alloys, fluxing of zinc alloys, and galvanizing fluxes. The article discusses the materials and lubricant selection, casting and die temperature control, and trimming process used in hot chamber die casting for zinc alloys. It also reviews other casting processes for zinc alloys, such as sand casting, permanent mold casting, plaster mold casting, squeeze casting, and semisolid casting.

Hot gas soldering is a process that is commonly used in applications where the workpiece thermal mass is small and the melting temperature of the solder is relatively low. This article describes the characteristics of hot gas heating that are critical to its effectiveness in soldering. These characteristics include the focus of gas flow, gas flow rates (velocity and volume), gas temperature, and typical gas media. The article explains the thermal profile of a component being soldered and the temperature across adjacent components, which helps to understand time-temperature relationship. It concludes with a discussion on reliability concerns and processing concerns when using hot gas soldering in electronics assembly.

This article provides information on four different length scales at which surface morphology can be viewed: macro, meso, micro and nanoscale. Elementary thermodynamics demonstrates that a liquid cannot solidify unless some undercooling below the equilibrium (melting) temperature occurs. The article details five types of solidification undercooling, namely, kinetic, thermal, constitutional (solutal), curvature, and pressure undercooling. It explains the types of nucleation which occur in the melt during solidification. The effects of local instabilities at the solid/liquid interface during growth are illustrated. The article also describes the solidification structures of pure metals, solid solutions, eutectics, peritectics, and monotectics.

All refractory metals, except osmium and iridium, have the highest melting temperatures and lowest vapor pressures of all metals. This article discusses the commercial applications, and production procedures of refractory metals and alloys. These procedures include fabrication, machining, forming, cleaning, joining, and coatings. The article also presents information on, and specifications for, the following metals and their alloys: niobium, tantalum, molybdenum, tungsten, rhenium, and refractory metal fiber-reinforced composites. It discusses the processes involved in their production, their mechanical properties, physical properties, thermal properties, electrical properties, chemical properties, applications, and corrosion resistance.

The melting temperature necessary to weld materials in the gas-tungsten arc welding (GTAW) process is obtained by maintaining an arc between a tungsten alloy electrode and a workpiece. This article discusses the advantages and limitations and applications of the GTAW process. It schematically illustrates the key components of a GTAW manual torch. The article describes the process parameters, such as welding current, shielding gases, and filler metal. It discusses the GTAW process variations in terms of manual welding, mechanized welding, narrow groove welding, and automatic welding.

This article contains tables that present engineering data for the following metals and their alloys: aluminum, copper, iron, lead, magnesium, nickel, tin, titanium, zinc, precious metals, permanent magnet materials, pure metals, rare earth metals, and actinide metals. Data presented include density, linear thermal expansion, thermal conductivity, electrical conductivity, resistivity, and approximate melting temperature. The tables also present approximate equivalent hardness numbers for austenitic steels, nonaustenitic steels, austenitic stainless steel sheet, wrought aluminum products, wrought copper, and cartridge brass. The article lists conversion factors classified according to the quantity/property of interest.