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Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 23
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 June 2012
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v23.a0005653
EISBN: 978-1-62708-198-6
... the nature of these metal surfaces and their propensity for corrosion reactions when combined with similar or different alloys in complex restrictive environments within the human body and under loading conditions. The article describes the factors that influence mechanically assisted crevice corrosion...
Abstract
This article reviews the corrosion interactions between biomedical alloys, in particular iron-base, titanium-base, and cobalt-base alloys, in complex geometries and in applications where there are significant cyclic stresses and potential for wear and fretting motion. It discusses the nature of these metal surfaces and their propensity for corrosion reactions when combined with similar or different alloys in complex restrictive environments within the human body and under loading conditions. The article describes the factors that influence mechanically assisted crevice corrosion. It reviews the tests developed to investigate the aspects of mechanically assisted corrosion of metallic biomaterials: the scratch test and the in vitro fretting corrosion test.
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 13C
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 2006
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v13c.a0004206
EISBN: 978-1-62708-184-9
.... The article discusses the surface characteristics and electrochemical behavior of metallic biomaterials. It summaries the clinical context for mechanically assisted corrosion and describes mechanically assisted crevice corrosion. There have been several tests developed to investigate aspects of mechanically...
Abstract
This article reviews the understanding of corrosion interactions between alloys in complex geometries and in applications where there are significant cyclic stresses and potential for wear and fretting motion. These alloys include iron-base, titanium-base, and cobalt-base alloys. The article discusses the surface characteristics and electrochemical behavior of metallic biomaterials. It summaries the clinical context for mechanically assisted corrosion and describes mechanically assisted crevice corrosion. There have been several tests developed to investigate aspects of mechanically assisted corrosion. The article also explains the scratch test and the in vitro fretting corrosion test.
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in Mechanically Assisted Corrosion of Metallic Biomaterials
> Corrosion: Environments and Industries
Published: 01 January 2006
Fig. 10 Summary of results of one of the mechanically assisted corrosion tests of a modular femoral hip taper interface. (a) Load vs. time showing a compressive cyclic load to 3300 N applied at 3 Hz. (b) The corresponding fretting current measured between the working and second electrodes (see
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Image
Published: 01 June 2012
Fig. 10 Summary of results of one of the mechanically assisted corrosion tests of a modular femoral hip taper interface. (a) Load vs. time showing a compressive cyclic load to 3300 N applied at 3 Hz. (b) The corresponding fretting current measured between the working and second electrodes (see
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Published: 01 January 2005
in corrosive applications and underground. Corrosion form and mechanism Localized corrosion, crevice corrosion, mechanically assisted corrosion, fretting fatigue Material Type 304 stainless steel Product form Braided hose sheath
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in Mechanically Assisted Corrosion of Metallic Biomaterials
> Corrosion: Environments and Industries
Published: 01 January 2006
Fig. 9 Schematic of modular taper fretting corrosion test setup used to evaluate the susceptibility of total hip replacement designs to mechanically assisted corrosion. Monitoring of OCP of the test setup and current passed between the working electrode and a second electrode meant
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Published: 01 June 2012
Fig. 9 Schematic of modular taper fretting corrosion test setup used to evaluate the susceptibility of total hip replacement designs to mechanically assisted corrosion. Monitoring of OCP of the test setup and current passed between the working electrode and a second electrode meant
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Published: 01 January 2006
Fig. 41 Retrieved Co-Cr-Mo modular head that had sat on a Ti-6Al-4V stem. Note the dark and discolored region inside the taper recess and the signs of etching. See the article “Mechanically Assisted Corrosion of Metallic Biomaterials” in this Volume.
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Published: 01 January 2006
had dropped below 1 inside the taper. See the article “Mechanically Assisted Corrosion of Metallic Biomaterials” in this Volume.
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in Mechanically Assisted Corrosion of Metallic Biomaterials
> Corrosion: Environments and Industries
Published: 01 January 2006
tapered interface between two Ti-6Al-4V alloy surfaces. (a) Low-magnification SEM micrograph of cone surface of the 316L intramedullary rod showing corrosion attack. (∼35×). (b) Higher magnification of 316L stainless steel surface showing the mechanically assisted corrosion attack at a severe stage
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Published: 01 June 2012
tapered interface between two Ti-6Al-4V alloy surfaces. (a) Low-magnification SEM micrograph of cone surface of the 316L intramedullary rod showing corrosion attack. (∼35×). (b) Higher magnification of 316L stainless steel surface showing the mechanically assisted corrosion attack at a severe stage
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in Mechanically Assisted Corrosion of Metallic Biomaterials
> Corrosion: Environments and Industries
Published: 01 January 2006
Fig. 5 Schematics across spatial scale showing aspects of mechanically assisted corrosion process for a modular connection in a total hip replacement. The contact region within the taper is rough with regions where solution can gain access. The counterfaces can slide relative to one another
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Image
Published: 01 June 2012
Fig. 5 Schematics across spatial scale showing aspects of mechanically assisted corrosion process for a modular connection in a total hip replacement. The contact region within the taper is rough with regions where solution can gain access. The counterfaces can slide relative to one another
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Book Chapter
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 13C
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 2006
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v13c.a0004221
EISBN: 978-1-62708-184-9
... such as opposite an inlet ( Fig. 25a ) and at a tube constriction ( Fig. 25b ). Another form of mechanically assisted corrosion, cavitation corrosion, is possible in an engine block ( Fig. 26 ) where exhaust gases cause the coolant to boil. Fig. 23 Galvanic corrosion of solid carbon steel hanger rods after...
Abstract
This article includes a collection of color images that aid in the identification and classification of forms of corrosion in industries and environments. It emphasizes the negative aspects of corrosion and examines the cost and the effort to test, evaluate, simulate, and prevent corrosion. The ability of corrosion to undo the best complex engineered systems has been documented.
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 13A
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 2003
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v13a.a0003603
EISBN: 978-1-62708-182-5
... corrosion, and microbiologically influenced corrosion, which fit under the classification of corrosion that is not influenced by any outside process. It also explains mechanically assisted degradation and environmentally induced cracking, which fit under the classification of corrosion that is influenced...
Abstract
Corrosion is classified into two categories: corrosion that is not influenced by any other process and corrosion that is influenced by another process such as the presence of stresses or erosion. This article discusses uniform corrosion, localized corrosion, metallurgically influenced corrosion, and microbiologically influenced corrosion, which fit under the classification of corrosion that is not influenced by any outside process. It also explains mechanically assisted degradation and environmentally induced cracking, which fit under the classification of corrosion that is influenced by an outside process.
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 13C
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 2006
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v13c.a0004207
EISBN: 978-1-62708-184-9
... the electrode potentials as well as measuring the generated current response. There are several ASTM International standard test methods for localized corrosion testing, and some are particular for implant materials. Five ASTM standards are concerned with localized corrosion and mechanically assisted...
Abstract
This article tabulates the chemical composition of iron-base, titanium-base, and cobalt-base alloys and illustrates the microstructures of these materials. It discusses the surface morphology and chemistry of oxide-film-covered alloys and provides insights into the interaction. The article illustrates the interfacial structure of a biomaterial surface contacting with the biological environment. It describes the corrosion behavior of stainless steel, cobalt-base alloy, and titanium alloys. The electrochemical methods used for studying metallic biomaterials corrosion are also discussed. The article concludes with information on the biological consequences of in vivo corrosion and biocompatibility.
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 11
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 15 January 2021
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v11.a0006783
EISBN: 978-1-62708-295-2
.... These reviews of corrosion forms and mechanisms are intended to assist the reader in developing an understanding of the underlying principles of corrosion; acquiring such an understanding is the first step in recognizing and analyzing corrosion-related failures and in formulating preventive measures...
Abstract
Corrosion is the electrochemical reaction of a material and its environment. This article addresses those forms of corrosion that contribute directly to the failure of metal parts or that render them susceptible to failure by some other mechanism. Various forms of corrosion covered are galvanic corrosion, uniform corrosion, pitting, crevice corrosion, intergranular corrosion, selective leaching, and velocity-affected corrosion. In particular, mechanisms of corrosive attack for specific forms of corrosion, as well as evaluation and factors contributing to these forms, are described. These reviews of corrosion forms and mechanisms are intended to assist the reader in developing an understanding of the underlying principles of corrosion; acquiring such an understanding is the first step in recognizing and analyzing corrosion-related failures and in formulating preventive measures.
Book: Fatigue and Fracture
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 19
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 1996
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v19.a0002361
EISBN: 978-1-62708-193-1
... Abstract Corrosion fatigue refers to the phenomenon of cracking in materials under the combined actions of fatigue loading and a corrosive environment. This article focuses on the various mechanisms of corrosion fatigue, namely, hydrogen-assisted cracking, anodic dissolution, and surface energy...
Abstract
Corrosion fatigue refers to the phenomenon of cracking in materials under the combined actions of fatigue loading and a corrosive environment. This article focuses on the various mechanisms of corrosion fatigue, namely, hydrogen-assisted cracking, anodic dissolution, and surface energy reduction. It discusses the variables affecting corrosion fatigue. The effect of fatigue load frequency, environment, grain size, stress ratio, waveform, and temperature fatigue crack growth are also discussed.
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 13A
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 2003
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v13a.a0003631
EISBN: 978-1-62708-182-5
... Abstract Mechanically assisted degradation of metals is defined as any type of degradation that involves a corrosion mechanism and a wear or fatigue mechanism. This article provides a discussion on the mechanisms of five forms of degradation: erosion, fretting corrosion, fretting fatigue...
Abstract
Mechanically assisted degradation of metals is defined as any type of degradation that involves a corrosion mechanism and a wear or fatigue mechanism. This article provides a discussion on the mechanisms of five forms of degradation: erosion, fretting corrosion, fretting fatigue, cavitation and water drop impingement, and corrosion fatigue. It describes the factors affecting the severity of fretting corrosion. The article also illustrates the relationship between corrosion fatigue and stress-corrosion cracking.
Book: Corrosion: Materials
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 13B
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 2005
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v13b.a0003969
EISBN: 978-1-62708-183-2
... of Metallurgical Variables on the Corrosion of Aluminum Alloys 275 Effects of Metallurgical Variables on the Corrosion of High-Nickel Alloys 279 End-grain attack Materials Selection for Corrosion Control 909 Exfoliation Evaluating Exfoliation Corrosion 572 Mechanically assisted...
Abstract
This article is a pictorial guide to forms of corrosion that draws attention to common pitfalls or situations that have caused premature corrosion, sometimes with expensive consequences. The examples used are not exhaustive; they highlight the necessity to fully examine materials, conditions, and specific circumstances that together can reduce the anticipated service life of a component or plant. The color images in this article are categorized according to the type of corrosion following the general order that is adopted in Volume 13A of ASM Handbook. The first table of the article provides a categorization of the forms of corrosion. It also provides a reference to articles or sections of articles in Volume 13A that detail the particular corrosion form or mechanism. The second table is a guide listing the figures in this article by material and by the corrosion form or mechanism illustrated.
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