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Published: 31 October 2011
Fig. 1 Mechanical work done during each vibration cycle of ultrasonic welding. Source: Ref 27 More
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Published: 01 January 2003
Fig. 2 The three working zones (I, II, III) are shown. Mechanism at work in each is detailed in the text. Tiny electrochemical cell formation in ECG is shown in the insert. More
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Published: 01 June 2016
Fig. 20 Effect of annealing temperature on mechanical properties of cold-worked Incoloy 800, 800H, and 800HT. Source: Ref 24 More
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Published: 01 December 1998
Fig. 40 Influence of cold work on mechanical properties of type 304 stainless steel. Source: Ref 4 More
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Published: 01 January 1997
Fig. 41 Influence of cold work on mechanical properties of type 304 stainless steel. Source: Ref 4 More
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 2
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 1990
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v02.a0001065
EISBN: 978-1-62708-162-7
..., corrosion ratings, temper designations, and applications of wrought copper and copper alloys. It also presents an outline of the most commonly used mechanical working and heat treating processes. The copper industry in the United States is broadly composed of two segments: producers (mining, smelting...
Book Chapter

By Otakar Jonas
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 13C
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 2006
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v13c.a0004155
EISBN: 978-1-62708-184-9
... Abstract The steam turbine is the simplest and most efficient engine for converting large amounts of heat energy into mechanical work. This article discusses the primary corrosion mechanisms such as corrosion fatigue, stress-corrosion cracking (SCC), pitting, corrosion, and erosion-corrosion...
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 9
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 December 2004
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v09.a0003780
EISBN: 978-1-62708-177-1
... and mechanical working processes. depleted uranium etching grain structure inclusions macroexamination mechanical working metal flow geometry metallography microexamination microstructure physical metallurgy segregation pattern solidification thin foils transmission electron microscopy...
Book Chapter

By Junsheng Wang
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 2A
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 30 November 2018
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v02a.a0006503
EISBN: 978-1-62708-207-5
... Abstract This article provides a thorough review of the physical metallurgy of aluminum alloys and its role in determining the properties and from a design and manufacturing perspective. And its role in include the effects of composition, mechanical working, and/or heat treatment on structure...
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Published: 01 December 2009
from phase changes. (5) Phase transformation due to stress induced. (6) Transformation stress due to phase changes. (7) Thermal stress due to temperature changes. (8) Heat generation due to mechanical work. Source: Ref 68 More
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 11A
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 30 August 2021
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v11A.a0006835
EISBN: 978-1-62708-329-4
...-die and upset forgings are produced from billets, bar stock, or a preform, all of which have received some previous mechanical working. The major problems associated with melting and casting practice are the development of centerline segregation and porosity and a condition known as scabs...
Book Chapter

By Robert Pilliar, Scott D. Ramsay
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 23
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 June 2012
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v23.a0005669
EISBN: 978-1-62708-198-6
... alloys and superior wear resistance because of their higher carbon content, which, however, made the task of mechanical working to form wrought high-carbon products more difficult and impractical at that time. In the late 1970s, however, in response to the demand for higher-strength implants with good...
Book Chapter

Series: ASM Desk Editions
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 December 1998
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.mhde2.a0003149
EISBN: 978-1-62708-199-3
... mechanical working at lower temperatures. Heating at temperatures near the α-β transition, or in the α + β region, cause migration of many impurities to grain boundaries. This migration impairs ductility and corrosion resistance, particularly in zirconium alloys. However, it is beneficial in some...
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 4E
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 June 2016
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v04e.a0006282
EISBN: 978-1-62708-169-6
... and distribution of dislocations are affected by chemistry, mechanical working, and heat treatment. These dislocations reduce the stress necessary for initiating slip. This often is compared to the movement of a large rug across a floor. The rug is difficult to move if shifted as one piece, like the layer of atoms...
Book Chapter

Series: ASM Handbook Archive
Volume: 11
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 2002
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v11.a0003507
EISBN: 978-1-62708-180-1
... are produced from billets, bar stock, or a preform that has received some previous mechanical working. The product may be suitable for immediate application, but in many cases, it serves as the starting material for another (so-called secondary) deformation process, such as drawing, hot forging, cold forging...
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 8
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 2000
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v08.a0003255
EISBN: 978-1-62708-176-4
... crystalline solids, inorganic noncrystalline solids, and polymers. The article describes the various strengthening mechanisms of crystalline solids, namely, work hardening, solid-solution hardening, particle/precipitation hardening, and grain size hardening. Deformation and strengthening of composite...
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 4E
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 June 2016
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v04e.a0006271
EISBN: 978-1-62708-169-6
... curve dependent on microstructure). Stresses and strains influence temperature (4: mechanical work) and phase transformation (6: mechanically-induced transformation). Input data are component dimensions, heat treatment parameters (especially heat-transfer coefficients), and materials data; output data...
Book Chapter

By Jack W. Bray
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 2
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 1990
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v02.a0001059
EISBN: 978-1-62708-162-7
... in the physical metallurgy of aluminum alloys include the effects of composition, mechanical working, and/or heat treatment on mechanical and physical properties. In terms of properties, strength improvements is a major objective in the design of aluminum alloys because the low strength of pure aluminum (about...
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 22A
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 December 2009
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v22a.a0005414
EISBN: 978-1-62708-196-2
... by controlled cooling. In some cases, such as hot strip rolling, accelerated water cooling is used to attain the desired microstructure and properties in the product. By means of these controlled processing steps during hot working, a broad range of microstructure and mechanical properties can be achieved...
Book Chapter

Series: ASM Desk Editions
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 December 1998
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.mhde2.a0003122
EISBN: 978-1-62708-199-3
... mechanical properties have been stabilized by room-temperature aging. It also applies to products that are flattened or straightened after cooling from the shaping process, for which the effects of the cold work imparted by flattening or straightening are not accounted for in specified property limits. T2...