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Residual stresses caused by mechanical loads in an assembly of three bars. ...
Available to PurchasePublished: 01 January 1997
Fig. 1 Residual stresses caused by mechanical loads in an assembly of three bars. Source: Ref 5
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Image
Mechanism loads and constraints displayed with results graph. Courtesy of A...
Available to PurchasePublished: 01 January 1997
Fig. 13 Mechanism loads and constraints displayed with results graph. Courtesy of Aries Technology
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Image
Fundamental modes of crack displacement under mechanical loading in structu...
Available to PurchasePublished: 01 June 2024
Fig. 2 Fundamental modes of crack displacement under mechanical loading in structural components. The strain in the examples is distorted for demonstrative purposes.
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Book Chapter
Mechanical Behavior Under Tensile and Compressive Loads
Available to PurchaseSeries: ASM Handbook
Volume: 8
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 2000
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v08.a0003261
EISBN: 978-1-62708-176-4
.... The point of necking at maximum load can be obtained from the true stress-true strain curve by finding the point on the curve having a subtangent of unity. The article concludes with an overview of the ductility measurements performed by notch tensile and compression tests. mechanical behavior...
Abstract
This article focuses on mechanical behavior of materials under conditions of uniaxial tension and compression. The emphasis is on mechanical behavior during the engineering tension test, which is used to provide basic design information on the strength of materials and as an acceptance test for the specification of materials. The article presents mathematical expressions for a flow curve of many metals in the region of uniform plastic deformation. It explains that the rate at which strain is applied to the tension specimen has an important influence on the stress-strain curve. The point of necking at maximum load can be obtained from the true stress-true strain curve by finding the point on the curve having a subtangent of unity. The article concludes with an overview of the ductility measurements performed by notch tensile and compression tests.
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 20
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 1997
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v20.a0002469
EISBN: 978-1-62708-194-8
... Abstract The design of components against fatigue failure may involve several considerations of irregular loading, variable temperature, and environment. This article focuses on design considerations against fatigue related to material performance under mechanical loading at constant...
Abstract
The design of components against fatigue failure may involve several considerations of irregular loading, variable temperature, and environment. This article focuses on design considerations against fatigue related to material performance under mechanical loading at constant temperature. It reviews the traditional methods of fatigue design on smooth and notched components. The article discusses high-cycle fatigue in terms of fatigue strength and tensile strength, mean stress effects, stress concentration, and multiaxial fatigue. It describes low-cycle fatigue in terms of deformation behavior and concludes with a discussion on lifetime analysis based on a strain approach.
Book Chapter
Thermomechanical Fatigue—Mechanisms and Practical Life Analysis
Available to PurchaseSeries: ASM Handbook
Volume: 11
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 15 January 2021
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v11.a0006781
EISBN: 978-1-62708-295-2
... Abstract Thermomechanical fatigue (TMF) is the general term given to the material damage accumulation process that occurs with simultaneous changes in temperature and mechanical loading. TMF may couple cyclic inelastic deformation accumulation, temperature-assisted diffusion within the material...
Abstract
Thermomechanical fatigue (TMF) is the general term given to the material damage accumulation process that occurs with simultaneous changes in temperature and mechanical loading. TMF may couple cyclic inelastic deformation accumulation, temperature-assisted diffusion within the material, temperature-assisted grain-boundary evolution, and temperature-driven surface oxidation, among other things. This article discusses some of the major aspects and challenges of dealing with TMF life prediction. It describes the damage mechanisms of TMF and covers various experimental techniques to promote TMF damage mechanisms and elucidate mechanism coupling interactions. In addition, life modeling in TMF conditions and a practical application of TMF life prediction are presented.
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 11
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 15 January 2021
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v11.a0006778
EISBN: 978-1-62708-295-2
... practical failure investigation. The article describes the effects of mechanical loading on a part in service and provides information on laboratory fracture examination. brittle crack propagation ductile crack propagation embrittlement mixed-mode cracking overload fractures stress concentration...
Abstract
This article aims to identify and illustrate the types of overload failures, which are categorized as failures due to insufficient material strength and underdesign, failures due to stress concentration and material defects, and failures due to material alteration. It describes the general aspects of fracture modes and mechanisms. The article briefly reviews some mechanistic aspects of ductile and brittle crack propagation, including discussion on mixed-mode cracking. Factors associated with overload failures are discussed, and, where appropriate, preventive steps for reducing the likelihood of overload fractures are included. The article focuses primarily on the contribution of embrittlement to overload failure. The embrittling phenomena are described and differentiated by their causes, effects, and remedial methods, so that failure characteristics can be directly compared during practical failure investigation. The article describes the effects of mechanical loading on a part in service and provides information on laboratory fracture examination.
Book Chapter
Fracture Analysis of Fiber-Reinforced Ceramic-Matrix Composites
Available to PurchaseBook: Composites
Series: ASM Handbook Archive
Volume: 21
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 2001
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v21.a0003400
EISBN: 978-1-62708-195-5
... Abstract One of the key attributes of continuous fiber-reinforced ceramic composites (CFCCs) is their ability to undergo inelastic straining upon mechanical loading. This article reviews the mechanics of inelastic deformation and fracture of CFCCs, as needed for the development of damage...
Abstract
One of the key attributes of continuous fiber-reinforced ceramic composites (CFCCs) is their ability to undergo inelastic straining upon mechanical loading. This article reviews the mechanics of inelastic deformation and fracture of CFCCs, as needed for the development of damage-tolerant failure prediction methodologies for use in engineering design. It outlines a general framework for the description of fracture in structural materials in the presence of notches and cracks. The article describes the common classes of fracture behavior of CFCCs and presents the constitutive laws needed to describe crack-tip inelasticity. It demonstrates the effects of inelasticity on crack-tip stress fields and addresses the environmental degradation effects on damage tolerance.
Book: Fatigue and Fracture
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 19
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 1996
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v19.a0002400
EISBN: 978-1-62708-193-1
... Abstract Bending fatigue of carburized steel components is a result of cyclic mechanical loading. This article reviews the alloying and processing factors that influence the microstructures and bending fatigue performance of carburized steels. These include austenitic grain size, surface...
Abstract
Bending fatigue of carburized steel components is a result of cyclic mechanical loading. This article reviews the alloying and processing factors that influence the microstructures and bending fatigue performance of carburized steels. These include austenitic grain size, surface oxidation, retained austenite, subzero cooling, residual stresses, and shot peening. The article describes the analysis of bending fatigue behavior of the steels based on S-N curves that represents a stress-based approach to fatigue. It discusses the types of specimen used to evaluate bending fatigue in carburized steels. The stages of fatigue and fracture of the steels, namely crack initiation, stable crack propagation, and unstable crack propagation, are reviewed. The article analyzes the intergranular fracture at the prior-austenite grain boundaries of high-carbon case microstructures that dominates bending fatigue crack initiation and unstable crack propagation of direct-quenched carburized steels.
Book Chapter
Macromechanics Analysis of Laminate Properties
Available to PurchaseBook: Composites
Series: ASM Handbook Archive
Volume: 21
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 2001
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v21.a0003378
EISBN: 978-1-62708-195-5
... of temperature and moisture through the thickness of a laminate. Stresses caused due to mechanical loads, temperature, and moisture on the laminate are analyzed. The article concludes with information on interlaminar cracking, free-edge delamination, and transverse cracks of laminates. unidirectional...
Abstract
The properties of unidirectional composite (UDC) materials are quite different from those of conventional, metallic materials. This article provides information on the treatment of UDC stress-strain relations in the forms appropriate for analysis of thin plies of material. It explains the development of the relations between mid-surface strains and curvatures and membrane stress and moment resultants. The article discusses the properties, such as thermal expansion, moisture expansion, and conductivity, of symmetric laminates and unsymmetric laminates. It describes the distribution of temperature and moisture through the thickness of a laminate. Stresses caused due to mechanical loads, temperature, and moisture on the laminate are analyzed. The article concludes with information on interlaminar cracking, free-edge delamination, and transverse cracks of laminates.
Image
Observed microscopic fracture mechanisms for different loading conditions a...
Available to PurchasePublished: 01 January 2002
Fig. 8 Observed microscopic fracture mechanisms for different loading conditions and environments. DBTT is the ductile brittle transition temperature, and K ISCC is the stress corrosion threshold. K IHE is the hydrogen embrittlement threshold. Note 8(a): See Fig. 13 and discussions
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Image
Load displacement, velocity, and torque in a simple slider-crank mechanism....
Available to PurchasePublished: 01 January 2005
Fig. 5 Load displacement, velocity, and torque in a simple slider-crank mechanism. (a) Slider-crank mechanism. (b) Displacement (solid curve) and velocity (dashed curve). (c) Clutch torque, M , and machine load, L M . Source: Ref 3
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Image
Observed microscopic fracture mechanisms for different loading conditions a...
Available to PurchasePublished: 15 January 2021
Fig. 9 Observed microscopic fracture mechanisms for different loading conditions and environments. T , temperature; ε ̇ , strain rate; DBTT, ductile-brittle transition temperature; Δ K , stress-intensity factor range; K ISCC , stress-corrosion cracking threshold; K th , threshold
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Image
Published: 01 November 1995
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Allowable load relationships for area-contact sliding mechanisms. (a) Cylin...
Available to PurchasePublished: 01 January 1997
Fig. 7 Allowable load relationships for area-contact sliding mechanisms. (a) Cylinder in hole. Rotating cylinder; fixed partial hole; R 1 = R 2 = R. (b) Cylinder in hole. Rotating cylinder; fixed full hole; R 1 = R 2 = R. (c) Cylinder in hole. Fixed cylinder; rotating hole; R
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Image
Allowable load relationships for “line”-contact sliding mechanisms. (a) Cyl...
Available to PurchasePublished: 01 January 1997
Fig. 8 Allowable load relationships for “line”-contact sliding mechanisms. (a) Cylinder in hole. Rotating cylinder; fixed hole; R 2 < 0.99 R 1 . (b) Cylinder in hole. Rotating hole; fixed cylinder; R 2 < 0.99 R 1 . (c) Cylinder on plane. Rotating cylinder; fixed plane. (d
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Image
Allowable load relationships for “point”-contact sliding mechanisms. (a) Cr...
Available to PurchasePublished: 01 January 1997
Fig. 9 Allowable load relationships for “point”-contact sliding mechanisms. (a) Crossed cylinders. Unequal cylinder diameters; linear oscillation parallel to axis of larger-diameter cylinder. (b) Crossed cylinders. Unequal cylinder diameters; linear oscillation parallel to axis of smaller
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Image
Overview of bioink reinforcement approaches and their responses to mechanic...
Available to Purchase
in Rational Design of Materials for 3D Bioprinting of Bioinks for Fabricating Human Tissues
> Additive Manufacturing in Biomedical Applications
Published: 12 September 2022
Fig. 6 Overview of bioink reinforcement approaches and their responses to mechanical loading. Reprinted from Ref 24 with permission from John Wiley and Sons
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Image
Corrosion (active path dissolution) action and crack initiation under cycli...
Available to PurchasePublished: 01 January 2006
Fig. 3 Corrosion (active path dissolution) action and crack initiation under cyclic mechanical loading. Refer to text for a discussion of stages (a) through (d).
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Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 22B
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 November 2010
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v22b.a0005506
EISBN: 978-1-62708-197-9
..., advanced constitutive models, and complicated stress and temperature loading histories. finite-difference method finite-element method residual strain residual stress stress relaxation testing THE ADVANCES IN PROCESSING OF METALLIC MATERIALS for improved physical, thermal, and mechanical...
Abstract
This article summarizes many approaches that are used to simulate relaxation of bulk residual stresses in components. It presents analytical examples to highlight the complexity of residual stress and strain distributions observed in simple geometries, with ideal material behavior and trivial loading and boundary conditions. The article discusses approximate and advanced solution techniques that can be employed in practice for simulation of residual stress relief: finite-difference method and finite-element method. It also describes advanced techniques applicable to transient creep, advanced constitutive models, and complicated stress and temperature loading histories.
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