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Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 14B
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 2006
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v14b.a0009154
EISBN: 978-1-62708-186-3
... Abstract Mechanical joining by forming includes all processes where parts being joined are formed locally and sometimes fully. This article focuses on the types, advantages, disadvantages, and applications of the various mechanical joining methods, namely, riveting, crimping, clinching...
Abstract
Mechanical joining by forming includes all processes where parts being joined are formed locally and sometimes fully. This article focuses on the types, advantages, disadvantages, and applications of the various mechanical joining methods, namely, riveting, crimping, clinching, and self-pierce riveting.
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 2A
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 30 November 2018
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v02a.a0006501
EISBN: 978-1-62708-207-5
... Abstract This article compares and contrasts mechanical joining techniques used in the manufacture of aluminum assemblies, including seaming, swaging, flanging, crimping, clinching, dimpling, interference and snap fits, and interlocking joints. It provides basic illustrations of the various...
Abstract
This article compares and contrasts mechanical joining techniques used in the manufacture of aluminum assemblies, including seaming, swaging, flanging, crimping, clinching, dimpling, interference and snap fits, and interlocking joints. It provides basic illustrations of the various methods and summarizes the advantages and disadvantages of each. The article also discusses the use of staples, nails, rivets, and threaded fasteners and provides relevant property and performance data.
Image
in Procedure Development and Practice Considerations for Explosion Welding[1]
> Welding, Brazing, and Soldering
Published: 01 January 1993
Fig. 1 Schematic showing mechanics of EXW. (a) Alignment of components to be joined before detonation. (b) Motion of components at detonation to form weld plus vector diagram of velocity components. (c) Close-up view of wavelike weld interface characteristic of EXW process
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Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 1
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 1990
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v01.a0001034
EISBN: 978-1-62708-161-0
... for Joining” in Materials Selection and Design , Volume 20. See also the “Selected References” at the end of this article. Characteristic Features of Welds Single-Pass Weldments To understand weldability, it is necessary to recognize the various weld regions. In the case of a single-pass bead...
Abstract
This article aims to survey the factors controlling the weldability of carbon and low-alloy steels in arc welding. It discusses the influence of operational parameters, thermal cycles, and metallurgical factors on weld metal transformations and the susceptibility to hot and cold cracking. The article addresses the basic principles that affect the weldability of carbon and low-alloy steels. It outlines the characteristic features of welds and the metallurgical factors that affect weldability. It describes the common tests to determine steel weldability. There are various types of tests for determining the susceptibility of the weld joint to different types of cracking during fabrication, including restraint tests, externally loaded tests, underbead cracking tests, and lamellar tearing tests. Weldability tests are conducted to provide information on the service and performance of welds. The major tests that are discussed in this article are weld tension test, bend test, the drop-weight test, the Charpy V-notch test, the crack tip opening displacement test, and stress-corrosion cracking test.
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 6A
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 31 October 2011
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v06a.a0005551
EISBN: 978-1-62708-174-0
... Abstract Joining is key to the manufacture of large or complex devices or assemblies; construction of large and complex structures; and repair of parts, assemblies, or structures in service. This article describes the three forces for joining: physical, chemical, and mechanical. It provides...
Abstract
Joining is key to the manufacture of large or complex devices or assemblies; construction of large and complex structures; and repair of parts, assemblies, or structures in service. This article describes the three forces for joining: physical, chemical, and mechanical. It provides an overview of the joining processes, namely, mechanical fastening, integral attachment, adhesive bonding, welding, brazing, and soldering. The article concludes with information on the various aspects of joint design and location that determine the selection of a suitable joining method.
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 2A
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 30 November 2018
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v02a.a0006530
EISBN: 978-1-62708-207-5
... assemblies and furthermore have cost and weight benefits. For example, adhesives can join thin metal sections to thick sections so that the full strength of the thin section is used. (Conventional mechanical fastening or spot welding produces a structure whose strength is limited to that of the areas...
Abstract
Adhesive bonding is a proven technology in the manufacture of automotive assemblies, helping carmakers achieve weight reduction goals without compromising body stiffness, crash performance, and noise-vibration-handling characteristics. This article discusses the advantages and limitations of adhesive-bonded aluminum joints and the procedures used to produce them. It addresses surface preparation, the addition of interfacial coatings and primers, and the application of thermoplastic and thermosetting resins. The article examines the nature and role of the various layers that constitute the joint and explains how each contributes to performance. It also discusses adhesive selection factors, joint design, and testing procedures.
Book Chapter
Series: ASM Desk Editions
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 December 1998
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.mhde2.a0003209
EISBN: 978-1-62708-199-3
... be considered on an individual alloy basis. Mechanism of Diffusion Bonding In diffusion bonding, the nature of the joining process is essentially the coalescence of two atomically clean solid surfaces. Complete coalescence comes about through a three-stage metallurgical sequence of events. Each stage...
Abstract
This article describes the mechanism, advantages and disadvantages, fundamentals, capabilities, variations, equipment used, and weldability of metals in solid-state welding processes, including diffusion bonding, explosion welding, friction welding, ultrasonic welding, upset welding, and deformation welding.
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 6
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 1993
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v06.a0001469
EISBN: 978-1-62708-173-3
... and vulcanized robber components can only be joined using adhesive bonding or mechanical fastening methods. Thermoplastic resins, on the other hand, can be softened, as a result of the weakening of secondary van der Waals or hydrogen bonding forces between adjacent polymer chains. Therefore, thermoplastics...
Abstract
Polymeric materials that possess similar solubility parameters can be joined using a variety of polymer joining techniques. This article describes commonly available fusion-welding techniques such as joining methods, key joining parameters, and the application areas of each joining method. The techniques are hot-tool, hot-gas, extrusion, focused infrared, laser, friction, vibration, spin, ultrasonic, and electromagnetic welding techniques (resistance, induction, dielectric, and microwave welding). The article concludes with a discussion on welding evaluation methods.
Book: Composites
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 21
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 2001
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v21.a0003423
EISBN: 978-1-62708-195-5
... two articles, “Secondary Adhesive Bonding of Polymer-Matrix Composites” and “Processing and Joining of Thermoplastic Composites,” cover major assembly operations. Secondary adhesive bonding can be used either as a structural fabrication process (e.g., for honeycomb structure) or as an assembly...
Abstract
This article provides a summary of the concepts discussed in the articles under the Section “Post-Processing and Assembly” ASM Handbook, Volume 21: Composites.
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 6
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 1993
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v06.a0001350
EISBN: 978-1-62708-173-3
... In diffusion bonding, the nature of the joining process is essentially the coalescence of two atomically clean solid surfaces. Complete coalescence comes about through a three-stage metallurgical sequence of events. Each stage, as shown in Fig. 2 , is associated with a particular metallurgical mechanism...
Abstract
Diffusion bonding is only one of many solid-state joining processes wherein joining is accomplished without the need for a liquid interface (brazing) or the creation of a cast product via melting and resolidification. This article offers a qualitative summary of the theory of diffusion bonding. It discusses factors that affect the relative difficulty of diffusion bonding oxide-bearing surfaces. These include surface roughness prior to welding, mechanical properties of the oxide, relative hardness of the metal and its oxide film, and prestraining or work hardening of the material. The article describes the mechanism of diffusion bonding in terms of microasperity deformation, diffusion-controlled mass transport, and interface migration. It concludes with a discussion on diffusion bonding with interface aids.
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 6A
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 31 October 2011
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v06a.a0005595
EISBN: 978-1-62708-174-0
... welding can be relatively easily applied to mass production, especially when compared to explosive welding, which is the more established impact-welding process. At the moment, MPW is more applicable to tubular structures than to flat sheets. Mechanical joining of tubular cross sections (e.g., torque rods...
Abstract
This article describes the fundamental theory of magnetic pulse welding (MPW). It reviews the equipment used for MPW, namely, work coil, capacitor bank, high-voltage power supply, high-voltage switches, and field shapers. The article discusses the MPW process and explains the critical parameters needed to obtain acceptable welds. Applications and safety guidelines of the MPW are also presented.
Book Chapter
Series: ASM Desk Editions
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 November 1995
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.emde.a0003056
EISBN: 978-1-62708-200-6
... required that can be made only by joining together less complex shapes. Because the requirements of a ceramic joint can vary from application to application (e.g., hermeticity, ductile strain relief, corrosion resistance, high-temperature strength), the ability to tailor the physical and mechanical...
Abstract
Many applications of ceramics and glasses require them to be joined to each other or to other materials such as metals. This article focuses on ceramic joining technologies, including glass-metal sealing, glass-ceramic/metal joining, ceramic-metal joining, ceramic-ceramic joining, and the more advanced joining of nonoxide ceramics. It also discusses metallizing, brazing, diffusion bonding, and chemical bonding.
Book Chapter
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 6A
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 31 October 2011
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v06a.a0005606
EISBN: 978-1-62708-174-0
..., the nature of the joining process is essentially the coalescence of two atomically clean solid surfaces. Complete coalescence comes about through a three-stage metallurgical sequence of events. Each stage, as shown in Fig. 2 , is associated with a particular metallurgical mechanism that makes the dominant...
Abstract
This article provides a qualitative summary of the theory of diffusion bonding, as distinguished from the mechanisms of other solid-state welding processes. Diffusion bonding can be achieved for materials with adherent surface oxides, but the resultant interface strengths of these materials are considerably less than that measured for the parent material. The article describes three stages of diffusion bonding: microasperity deformation, diffusion-controlled mass transport, and interface migration. It concludes with information on diffusion bonding with interface aids.
Book Chapter
Series: ASM Desk Editions
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 December 1998
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.mhde2.a0003205
EISBN: 978-1-62708-199-3
... Abstract This article discusses different types of joining processes, including welding, brazing, soldering, mechanical fastening, and adhesive bonding. It examines two broad classes of welding: fusion welding and solid-state welding. The article discusses the process selection considerations...
Abstract
This article discusses different types of joining processes, including welding, brazing, soldering, mechanical fastening, and adhesive bonding. It examines two broad classes of welding: fusion welding and solid-state welding. The article discusses the process selection considerations for welding, brazing, and soldering. It also describes joint design considerations such as selection of weld joints and welds.
Book Chapter
Series: ASM Desk Editions
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 November 1995
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.emde.a0003021
EISBN: 978-1-62708-200-6
... Abstract This article discusses the classification of the attachment and joining methods in plastics, including mechanical fastening, adhesive bonding, solvent bonding, and welding. It describes the mechanical fastening techniques used to join both similar and dissimilar materials with machine...
Abstract
This article discusses the classification of the attachment and joining methods in plastics, including mechanical fastening, adhesive bonding, solvent bonding, and welding. It describes the mechanical fastening techniques used to join both similar and dissimilar materials with machine screws or bolts, nuts and washers, molded-in threads, self-threading screws, rivets, spring-steel fasteners, press fits, and snap fits. The article explains solvent bonding used for thermoplastic parts, and tabulates the solvent types used with various plastics. It also describes the surface preparation of plastics, chemical treatment for adhesion, and tabulates the adhesive types for bonding plastics to plastics and plastics to nonplastics. The article briefly describes the welding processes of thermoplastics, including fusion welding (hot-tool, hot gas, extrusion, and focused infrared), friction welding (vibration, spin, and ultrasonic), and electromagnetic welding (resistance, induction, dielectric, and microwave). It concludes with the evaluation of welds using destructive and nondestructive testing.
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 6
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 1993
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v06.a0001374
EISBN: 978-1-62708-173-3
... on the mechanical properties of the materials being joined. Its upper limit is determined by the admissible degree of deformation. A pressure increase beyond a certain level does not improve strength any further. As a general rule, a surface pressure that ranges from 1 to 20 MPa (0.15 to 2.9 ksi) can be considered...
Abstract
This article describes the high-temperature solid-state welding process used to join members of similar or dissimilar materials by three stages, namely, primary bonding, bond-surface extension, and elimination of the original joining surface. It lists the various advantages and disadvantages of the high-temperature solid-state welding process. The article discusses important process parameters for high-temperature solid-state welding, such as temperature, pressure, welding time, and welding atmosphere. It concludes with information on the application of the process in the fields of aerospace and nuclear engineering.
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 20
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 1997
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v20.a0002488
EISBN: 978-1-62708-194-8
... Abstract This article explains how to design a joint or conduct a joining process so that components can be produced most efficiently and without defects. The joining processes include mechanical fastening, adhesive bonding, welding, brazing, and soldering. The article discusses the selection...
Abstract
This article explains how to design a joint or conduct a joining process so that components can be produced most efficiently and without defects. The joining processes include mechanical fastening, adhesive bonding, welding, brazing, and soldering. The article discusses the selection and application of good design practices based on the understanding of process-related manufacturing aspects such as accessibility, quality, productivity, and overall manufacturing cost. It provides several examples of selected parts and joining processes to illustrate the advantages of a specific design practice in improving manufacturability.
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 6
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 1993
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v06.a0001448
EISBN: 978-1-62708-173-3
... Abstract Ultrasonic welding (USW) is effectively used to join both similar and dissimilar metals with lap-joint welds. This article describes procedure considerations for the ultrasonic welding of specific material types. It reviews difficult-to-weld alloys, such as carbon and low-alloy steels...
Abstract
Ultrasonic welding (USW) is effectively used to join both similar and dissimilar metals with lap-joint welds. This article describes procedure considerations for the ultrasonic welding of specific material types. It reviews difficult-to-weld alloys, such as carbon and low-alloy steels, high-strength steels, and stainless steel, and provides information on the applications of weldable alloys such as aluminum alloys and copper alloys. The article concludes with a discussion on welding of dissimilar metal (nonferrous-to-nonferrous) combinations and its applications.
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 6
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 1993
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v06.a0001344
EISBN: 978-1-62708-173-3
... , essentially no melting of the base metal occurs in brazing; however, the temperatures involved can affect the properties of the metals being joined. For example, base metals whose mechanical properties were obtained by cold working may soften or undergo grain growth if the brazing temperature is above...
Abstract
This article presents an introduction to brazing, including information on its mechanics, advantages, and limitations. It reviews soldering with emphasis on chronology, solder metals, and flux technology. The article also provides useful information on mass, wave, and drag soldering. It presents a table which contains information on the comparison of soldering, brazing, and welding.
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 6
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 1993
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v06.a0001461
EISBN: 978-1-62708-173-3
... the key factors involved in joining these dissimilar materials to one another. The joining of plastics is generally accomplished by adhesive bonding or mechanical fastening. However, thermoplastic resins can be molded through the application of heat, and they can also be fusion welded. Various means...
Abstract
This is an introductory article to special welding and joining topics focusing on various unique aspects related to three major joining technologies, namely, welding, brazing, and soldering.
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