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martensite
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Book Chapter
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 9
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 December 2004
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v09.a0003736
EISBN: 978-1-62708-177-1
... Abstract Martensite is a metastable structure that forms during athermal (nonisothermal) conditions. This article reviews the crystallographic theory, morphologies, orientation relationships, habit plane, and transformation temperature of ferrous martensite microstructures. It examines...
Abstract
Martensite is a metastable structure that forms during athermal (nonisothermal) conditions. This article reviews the crystallographic theory, morphologies, orientation relationships, habit plane, and transformation temperature of ferrous martensite microstructures. It examines the stages of the tempering process involved in ferrous martensite. The article also describes the formation of the martensite structure in nonferrous systems. It concludes with a discussion on shape memory alloys.
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Published: 01 August 2013
Fig. 26 Light micrographs of morphologies of martensite. (a) Lath martensite in low-carbon steel (0.03C-2.0Mn, wt%) at original magnification: 100×. (b) Plate martensite in matrix of retained austenite in a high-carbon (1.2 wt% C) steel at 1000×. (c) Mixed morphology of lath martensite
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Published: 01 August 2013
Fig. 11 Hardness values for 50% martensite and 100% martensite conditions in quenched carbon steels as a function of carbon. With 50% martensite, the hardness depends on the structure of the other 50% and residual or alloying. Steel with more alloying would be at the top of the band. Source
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in Physical Metallurgy Concepts in Interpretation of Microstructures
> Metallography and Microstructures
Published: 01 December 2004
Fig. 29 Light micrographs of morphologies of martensite. (a) Lath martensite in low-carbon steel (0.03C-2.0Mn, wt%) at original magnification 100×. (b) Plate martensite in matrix of retained austenite in a high-carbon (1.2 wt% C) steel at 1000×. (c) Mixed morphology of lath martensite
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Published: 01 January 1996
Fig. 8 Fracture toughness and martensite twin density as a function of martensite start temperature for an Fe-Cr-C steel
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Published: 01 June 2016
Fig. 7 Martensite in metastable β′-phase aluminum bronze. (a) Martensite needles in Cu-11.8wt%Al alloy homogenized at 800 °C (1472 °F) and water quenched. (b) Martensite running from bottom right to top left. Cu-11.8wt%Al alloy is heated to 900 °C (1650 °F), held for 1 h, and water quenched
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Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 22A
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 December 2009
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v22a.a0005435
EISBN: 978-1-62708-196-2
... Abstract This article assesses the evolution of martensite modeling in the changing materials engineering environment. It describes the physics of displacive transformations using Ginzburg-Landau theory, microstructure representation, dynamics and simulations, density functional theory...
Abstract
This article assesses the evolution of martensite modeling in the changing materials engineering environment. It describes the physics of displacive transformations using Ginzburg-Landau theory, microstructure representation, dynamics and simulations, density functional theory, and shuffle transitions. The article reviews the application of the Ginzburg-Landau approach to rigorous solutions for issues in the structure of a martensitic nucleus based on the martensitic nucleation theory. The three basic behavior modes of martensitic growth, such as elastic, elastic/plastic, and fully plastic are discussed. The article also reviews the overall kinetics of martensitic transformations.
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Published: 01 August 2013
Fig. 1 Predicted potential for austenite/martensite mixtures to achieve property targets beyond those of ferrite/martensite mixtures for third-generation advanced high-strength sheet steels. Source: Ref 4
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Published: 01 August 2013
Fig. 8 Transformation-expansion comparison of martensite and bainite at various carbon contents. This applies to the commercial austempering range of 260 to 399 °C (500 to 750 °F). Source: Ref 4
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Published: 01 August 2013
Fig. 15 Temperature ranges of martensite formation in 14 carbon and low-alloy steels
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Published: 01 August 2013
Fig. 19 Effects of austenitizing temperature on grain size and martensite start (M s ) temperature of 52100 steel
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Published: 01 August 2013
Fig. 13 Scanning electron micrographs for complete martensite transformation (0.204 J/mm 2 ) during continuous laser scanning
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Published: 01 August 2013
Fig. 2 Effect of carbon content in iron-carbon alloys on the martensite start (M s ) temperature, the relative proportions of lath and plate martensite, and the volume percent retained austenite. Source: Ref 1
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Published: 01 August 2013
Fig. 3 Structure of (a) ferrite (body-centered cubic) and (b) martensite (body-centered tetragonal)
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Published: 01 August 2013
Fig. 23 Diagram of martensite crystal, showing shear and surface tilting. Courtesy of M.D. Geib (adapted from Ref 34 )
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Published: 01 August 2013
Fig. 24 Extent of martensite formation as a function of undercooling below the martensite-start temperature. Source: Ref 36
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Published: 01 August 2013
Fig. 25 Effect of carbon content on martensite-start (M s ) temperature in steels. Composition ranges of lath and plate martensite in iron-carbon alloys are also shown. Source: Ref 15
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Published: 01 August 2013
Fig. 28 Martensite hardness as a function of carbon content for various microstructures in steels. Cross-hatched area shows effect of retained austenite. Source: Ref 47
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Published: 01 August 2013
Fig. 1 Effect of carbon on the hardness of martensite structures
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Published: 01 August 2013
Fig. 10 Transition to 50% martensite occurs at approximately the inflection point on Jominy curve (a), because the transition from martensite to fine pearlite is abrupt (b)
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