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Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 24
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 15 June 2020
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v24.a0006557
EISBN: 978-1-62708-290-7
... Abstract The formation of defects within additive-manufactured (AM) components is a major concern for critical structural and cyclic load applications. Thus, understanding the mechanisms of defect formation in fusion-based processes is important for prescribing the appropriate process...
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 24A
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 30 June 2023
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v24A.a0006972
EISBN: 978-1-62708-439-0
... Abstract This article presents a general understanding of causes and possible solutions for defects in the most common metal additive manufacturing (AM) processes: laser powder-bed fusion (L-PBF), laser directed-energy deposition (DED-L), and binder jetting (BJ). additive manufacturing...
Image
Published: 30 June 2023
Fig. 5 Common defects present in components fabricated by additive manufacturing. (a) Porosity. (b) Lack of fusion. (c) Solidification cracking. Source: Ref 22 More
Book Chapter

By Charles O. Smith
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 20
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 1997
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v20.a0002440
EISBN: 978-1-62708-194-8
... information on the legal bases for products liability and definitions for two types of defects: manufacturing defects and design defects. It summarizes other possible defects in design as well as preventive measures. design defects manufacturing defects product design product liability PRODUCTS...
Series: ASM Handbook Archive
Volume: 21
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 2001
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v21.a0003456
EISBN: 978-1-62708-195-5
... the considerations for maintainability of the composite structures during the conceptual design phase. Sources of the defects and damage, such as manufacturing defects and in-service defects, are reviewed. The article describes the nondestructive inspection methods that are used in the repair of composite structures...
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 11B
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 15 May 2022
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v11B.a0006870
EISBN: 978-1-62708-395-9
... Abstract This article examines the concept of fractography as applied to elastomeric rubbery materials. It considers four general categories of physical root failure causes: design defects, material defects, manufacturing defects, and service life anomalies. Examples of real-world failures...
Book Chapter

By Patricia L. Stumpff
Series: ASM Handbook Archive
Volume: 21
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 2001
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v21.a0003467
EISBN: 978-1-62708-195-5
... deal mainly with structures that exhibit an initial material and/or manufacturing defect or failures that are most prevalent and most easily solved. The components include helicopter rotor blade, composite wing spar, and aircraft rudder. aircraft rudders composite wing spar helicopter rotor...
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 20
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 1997
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v20.a0002468
EISBN: 978-1-62708-194-8
... the estimation of probability of failure with an example. It reviews the designing and selection of materials for static strength and stiffness. The article also describes the causes of failure of engineering components, including design deficiencies, poor selection of materials, and manufacturing defects...
Image
Published: 30 June 2023
Fig. 1 Additively manufactured Ti-6Al-4V bracket; (a) no defects shown, (b) examples of 2D x-ray radiographic images More
Book Chapter

By Hans Iwand, Joel Hassebrock
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 11A
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 30 August 2021
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v11A.a0006837
EISBN: 978-1-62708-329-4
... and manufacturing defects has become more important. This article presents case histories that are intended as an overview of the unique types of failures encountered in the freight railroad industry. The discussion covers failures of axle journals, bearings, wheels, couplers, rails and rail welds, and track...
Book Chapter

By Charles O. Smith
Series: ASM Handbook Archive
Volume: 11
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 2002
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v11.a0003505
EISBN: 978-1-62708-180-1
... Abstract This article discusses the three legal theories on which a products liability lawsuit is based and the issues of hazard, risk, and danger in the context of liability. It describes manufacturing and design defects of various products. The article explains a design that is analyzed from...
Image
Published: 01 June 2024
is predominantly oriented parallel to the fracture plane. Significant porosities are manufacturing defects associated with the injection molding process. Original magnification of middle and right images: 16×. More
Book Chapter

By Patricia L. Stumpff
Series: ASM Handbook Archive
Volume: 21
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 2001
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v21.a0003460
EISBN: 978-1-62708-195-5
... due to their low weight and inherent structural stiffness. As these materials continue to be used, it is inevitable for premature failures to occur as a result of manufacturing defects, unexpected loads, environmental exposure, and in-service damage. The need to understand and analyze these failures...
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 24A
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 30 June 2023
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v24A.a0007023
EISBN: 978-1-62708-439-0
... work carried out for developing standards is also included. additive manufacturing defect formation in-process inspection in-process monitoring nondestructive testing Additive Manufacturing Process Categories and Part Quality Additive manufacturing (AM), also known as three...
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 24A
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 30 June 2023
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v24A.a0006953
EISBN: 978-1-62708-439-0
... obtained with the different RUS systems are shown. Resonant Ultrasound Spectroscopy Tests on Stainless Steel Star Artifacts with Typical Additive Manufactured Defects Description of the Tested Samples Technical Committee 261 of the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) and ASTM...
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 24A
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 30 June 2023
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v24A.a0006992
EISBN: 978-1-62708-439-0
..., keyhole collapse, lack of fusion, solidification cracking, delamination/warping, and poor surface finish ( Ref 2 , 33 , 34 ). An aggregate list of seven core types of defects in AM, established in Ref 35 , is presented in Table 1 . Defect types in additive manufacturing processes Table 1 Defect...
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 24A
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 30 June 2023
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v24A.a0006985
EISBN: 978-1-62708-439-0
... manufactured metal parts aluminum alloys fatigue failure laser powder bed fusion nickel-base superalloys process-induced defects titanium alloys Fatigue as a Critical Performance Metric Fatigue failure is a critical performance metric for additively manufactured (AM) metal parts, especially those...
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 17
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 August 2018
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v17.a0006465
EISBN: 978-1-62708-190-0
... Abstract Additive manufacturing (AM) is the process of joining materials to make parts from three-dimensional (3D) model data, usually layer upon layer, as opposed to subtractive manufacturing and formative manufacturing methodologies. This article discusses various defects in AM components...
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 11A
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 30 August 2021
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v11A.a0006832
EISBN: 978-1-62708-329-4
.... The plaintiff in such a case alleges that the product is defective and presented an unreasonable risk of harm when being used as intended. Depending on the issues, all parties in the chain of commerce of a product, including the manufacturer of raw materials, component manufacturer, assembling manufacturer...
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 24
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 15 June 2020
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v24.a0006552
EISBN: 978-1-62708-290-7
..., economics, and advantages of the process. The discussion also covers the use of HIP for additively manufactured material to eliminate internal defects, the HIP parameters required to eliminate internal defects, and the influence of HIP on the microstructure and properties of HIP additively manufactured...