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Book Chapter

Series: ASM Desk Editions
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 December 1998
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.mhde2.a0003154
EISBN: 978-1-62708-199-3
.... This article discusses the composition, properties, and applications of permanent magnetic materials, such as hysteresis alloys used in motors. It primarily focuses on the stability of magnetic fields that influences reversible and irreversible losses in magnetization with time, and the choice of magnet...
Book Chapter

By William H. Warnes
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 2
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 1990
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v02.a0001109
EISBN: 978-1-62708-162-7
...-energy balance favors the normal state. Stability of the superconducting state in magnetic fields up to the upper critical magnetic field ( H c2 ) allows type II materials to be exploited for high-magnetic-field applications. Fig. 6 The magnetic flux line lattice predicted by Abrikosov for type...
Book Chapter

Series: ASM Desk Editions
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 December 1998
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.mhde2.a0003155
EISBN: 978-1-62708-199-3
... Abstract Superconductors are materials that exhibit a complete disappearance of electrical resistivity on lowering the temperature below the critical temperature. A superconducting material must exhibit perfect diamagnetism, that is, the complete exclusion of an applied magnetic field from...
Book Chapter

By T. Scott Kreilick
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 2
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 1990
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v02.a0001110
EISBN: 978-1-62708-162-7
... on the impurities. Resistance-at-field dictates the volume of stabilizer required to achieve a given stability criterion. Magnetoresistance Magnetoresistance is the relative increase in resistivity of a metal in the presence of an external magnetic field. Copper tends to obey Kohler's rule, unlike most high...
Book Chapter

By J.W. Fiepke
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 2
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 1990
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v02.a0001094
EISBN: 978-1-62708-162-7
... nominal compositions permanent magnet materials physical properties PERMANENT MAGNET is the term used to describe solid materials that have sufficiently high resistance to demagnetizing fields and sufficiently high magnetic flux output to provide useful and stable magnetic fields. Permanent magnets...
Book Chapter

By David B. Smathers
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 2
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 1990
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v02.a0001111
EISBN: 978-1-62708-162-7
... unity). Why this transformation occurs only in V 3 Si and Nb 3 Sn is unknown ( Ref 2 ). The cubic structure can be stabilized by the addition of small amounts of impurities. The intermetallic compound is inherently brittle and presents unique handling problems when forming superconducting magnets...
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 7
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 30 September 2015
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v07.a0006057
EISBN: 978-1-62708-175-7
... components. The powder is magnetically aligned, pressed, and sintered to obtain powder compacts with maximum magnetization. Soft magnetics based on iron and stainless steel powders and rare earth permanent magnets are discussed in this article. Basic Magnetism In simple terms, magnetism is a field...
Book Chapter

Series: ASM Desk Editions
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 December 1998
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.mhde2.a0003153
EISBN: 978-1-62708-199-3
... are characterized by retaining a large amount of residual magnetism after exposure to a strong magnetic field. These materials typically have coercive force, H c , values of several hundred to several thousand oersteds (Oe), and are considered to be permanent magnets. The coercive force is a measure...
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 4C
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 09 June 2014
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v04c.a0005876
EISBN: 978-1-62708-167-2
... on the solution of Maxwell's equations (MEs) and provides some basic information regarding the heat transfer and fluid equations, because these physical phenomena usually are strongly coupled to magnetic and electric fields. The solutions are usually obtained by using specific numerical methods such as finite...
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 2
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 1990
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v02.a0001114
EISBN: 978-1-62708-162-7
... room-temperature (RT) approaches. The incorporation of superconducting wire or tape into large magnets and power generators, for example, provides the ability to transport large dc currents with no measurable resistive losses. High magnetic fields can thus be produced at a significantly reduced cost...
Series: ASM Desk Editions
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 November 1995
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.emde.a0003062
EISBN: 978-1-62708-200-6
... Abstract Ceramic materials serve important insulative, capacitive, conductive, resistive, sensor, electrooptic, and magnetic functions in a wide variety of electrical and electronic circuitry. This article focuses on various applications of advanced ceramics in both electric power...
Book Chapter

By Charles P. Poole, Jr., Horatio A. Farach
Series: ASM Handbook Archive
Volume: 10
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 1986
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v10.a0001750
EISBN: 978-1-62708-178-8
... sometimes be ordered magnetic solids, such as ferromagnets. If placed in a microwave-resonant cavity between the pole pieces of a strong electromagnet, such a sample absorbs microwave energy at particular values of the magnetic field that are characteristic of the positions and the crystalline environments...
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 6
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 1993
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v06.a0001337
EISBN: 978-1-62708-173-3
... ). A spinning rotor winding is charged with direct current obtained from the exciter and applied through slip rings, creating a rotating magnetic field. No commutator is required. The rotating field cuts through a surrounding stator assembly, the windings of which collectively produce alternating current...
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 2
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 1990
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v02.a0005549
EISBN: 978-1-62708-162-7
... Bd total external permeance Ci curie thickness of the conductor (Bfld)max maximum magnetic energy CINDAS Center for Information and Qo flux line lattice spacing product Numerical Data Analysis and A area Bj internal field; intrinsic induction Synthesis (Bj)p saturation induction CIP cold isostatic...
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 20
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 1997
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v20.a0002475
EISBN: 978-1-62708-194-8
... forces caused by any applied or stray magnetic fields ( Ref 4 ). The electronic and magnetic applications cover a very wide span of generating and processing information: from placing a telephone call (in a house, on the road, in an airplane) to watching TV from the air, cable, or satellite, to using...
Book Chapter

By S.M. Bhagat
Series: ASM Handbook Archive
Volume: 10
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 1986
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v10.a0001751
EISBN: 978-1-62708-178-8
... spectroscopy Overview Introduction Ferromagnetic resonance (FMR) describes resonant absorption of electromagnetic (usually microwave) radiation in a magnetic material containing strongly exchange coupled electrons; absorption is measured as a function of an applied magnetic field. In this sense, FMR...
Book Chapter

By Douglas W. Dietrich
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 2
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 1990
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v02.a0001093
EISBN: 978-1-62708-162-7
... are characterized by retaining a large amount of residual magnetism after exposure to a strong magnetic field. These materials typically have coercive force, H c , values of several hundred to several thousand oersteds (Oe) and are considered to be permanent magnets. The coercive force is a measure...
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 17
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 August 2018
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v17.a0006467
EISBN: 978-1-62708-190-0
... the surface. The magnetic-particle method uses a magnetic field set up in the bar. Flaws cause a leakage of flux if they are at an angle to the flux flow. This flux is due to the lower magnetic permeability of the material in the flaw (air, oxide, or dirt) compared with that of the metal. Because the flux...
Book Chapter

By K.A. Gschneidner, Jr., B.J. Beaudry, J. Capellen
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 2
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 1990
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v02.a0001089
EISBN: 978-1-62708-162-7
... properties. The magnetic moments of the 3 d electrons of cobalt and the 4 f electrons of samarium couple parallel to each other (which further increases the magnetic strength), but because the 4 f moments in the hexagonal crystalline environment are difficult to rotate in an applied magnetic field...
Book Chapter

By Chad Brown, David Hukill
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 11B
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 15 May 2022
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v11B.a0006931
EISBN: 978-1-62708-395-9
... spectroscopy is the measure of absorbed energy required for nuclei to change their magnetic spin orientation while aligned in an applied magnetic field. Proton NMR is widely used, and typical field strengths are 1.41 and 51.48 T (14,100 and 51,400 gauss), with corresponding absorption of radiation...