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magnesium-matrix composites
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Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 4E
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 June 2016
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v04e.a0006258
EISBN: 978-1-62708-169-6
... Abstract Magnesium-matrix composites (MgMCs) are very promising as structural materials because of their low density, high specific strength, and excellent castability. This article provides information on the characteristics, mechanical properties, and applications of magnesium alloys and...
Abstract
Magnesium-matrix composites (MgMCs) are very promising as structural materials because of their low density, high specific strength, and excellent castability. This article provides information on the characteristics, mechanical properties, and applications of magnesium alloys and composites. It discusses the microstructures used for the most common magnesium alloys used in metal-matrix composites, namely, magnesium-aluminum, magnesium-rare earth and magnesium-lithium alloys. The article focuses on the most common methods of heat treatment, including solution heat treatment, precipitation strengthening or aging, and annealing, applied to these alloys. Finally, it describes the microstructural aspects and precipitate-matrix relationships of MgMCs as well as the heat treatment methods for MgMCs.
Book: Corrosion: Materials
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 13B
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 2005
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v13b.a0003820
EISBN: 978-1-62708-183-2
... discussion on corrosion of bulk vapor-deposited alloys and magnesium-matrix composites. corrosion fatigue corrosion protection corrosion resistance galvanic corrosion localized corrosion magnesium alloys magnesium-matrix composites stress-corrosion LOW DENSITY and high strength-to-weight...
Abstract
This article begins with a discussion on the environmental factors that induce corrosion in magnesium alloys. It reviews the factors that determine the severity of different forms of localized corrosion, namely, galvanic corrosion, corrosion fatigue, and stress-corrosion. The article discusses the corrosion protection in magnesium assemblies and the protective coating systems used in corrosion protection practices. The protection schemes for specific applications and production of novel magnesium alloys with improved corrosion resistance are also described. The article concludes with a discussion on corrosion of bulk vapor-deposited alloys and magnesium-matrix composites.
Book Chapter
Series: ASM Desk Editions
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 December 1998
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.mhde2.a0003163
EISBN: 978-1-62708-199-3
... Abstract Metal-matrix composites (MMCs) are a class of materials with potential for a wide variety of structural and thermal applications. This article discusses the mechanical properties of MMCs, namely aluminum-matrix composites, titanium-matrix composites, magnesium-matrix composites, copper...
Abstract
Metal-matrix composites (MMCs) are a class of materials with potential for a wide variety of structural and thermal applications. This article discusses the mechanical properties of MMCs, namely aluminum-matrix composites, titanium-matrix composites, magnesium-matrix composites, copper-matrix composites, superalloy-matrix composites, and intermetallic-matrix composites. It describes the processing methods of discontinuous aluminum MMCs which include casting processes, liquid-metal infiltration, spray deposition and powder metallurgy. The article provides useful information on aluminum MMC designation system and also describes the types of continuous fiber aluminum MMCs, including aluminum/boron MMC, aluminum/silicon carbide MMC, aluminum/graphite MMC, and aluminum/alumina MMC.
Book: Corrosion: Materials
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 13B
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 2005
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v13b.a0003839
EISBN: 978-1-62708-183-2
... concludes with a description on the corrosion control of MMCs using protective coatings and inhibitors. aluminum chemical degradation copper corrosion control depleted uranium metal matrix composites galvanic corrosion lead magnesium metal matrix composites processing-induced corrosion...
Abstract
This article begins with the discussion on the background of metal-matrix composites (MMC) and moves into a broad description of the general parameters affecting the corrosion of MMC. It discusses the primary sources of MMC corrosion that include galvanic corrosion between MMC constituents, chemical degradation of interphases and reinforcements, microstructure-influenced corrosion, and processing-induced corrosion. The article elaborates on the corrosion behavior of specific aluminum, magnesium, titanium, copper, stainless steel, lead, depleted uranium, and zinc MMCs systems. It concludes with a description on the corrosion control of MMCs using protective coatings and inhibitors.
Book Chapter
Book: Fractography
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 12
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 1987
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v12.a0000625
EISBN: 978-1-62708-181-8
... tensile fracture Fig. 1250 Surface of a fracture in a longitudinal tensile-test specimen of a carbon (graphite)-magnesium composite having a tensile strength of 640 MPa (93 ksi). The approximate makeup of the composite was 40% graphite fibers and 60% magnesium matrix (99.5% pure), by volume. See...
Abstract
This article is an atlas of fractographs that helps in understanding the causes and mechanisms of fracture of metal-matrix composites, including tungsten fiber-reinforced aluminum, tungsten fiber-reinforced carbon steel, and tungsten fiber-reinforced silver. The fractographs illustrate the ductile fracture, interlaminar failure, transgranular cleavage and fracture, tension-overload fracture, longitudinal and transverse cracking, fiber splitting, stress rupture, and low-cycle fatigue of these composites.
Book: Casting
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 15
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 December 2008
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v15.a0005227
EISBN: 978-1-62708-187-0
... cast MMNCs include use of ultrahigh-pressure and pressureless infiltration techniques. In the case of MMNCs, incorporation of as little as 1 vol% of nanosized ceramic particles has led to a much greater increase in the strength and wear resistance of aluminum- and magnesium-matrix composites than was...
Abstract
This article discusses the solidification of matrix alloy in cast metal matrix composites (MMCs). It begins with a discussion on the mixing techniques in reinforcement incorporation and wettability of reinforcement. It describes the solidification processes, such as stir mixing and melt infiltration, used in the synthesis of MMCs. The article also discusses the fundamentals of solidification process and presents a computational modeling of particle/solidification front interactions in metal-ceramic systems. The article concludes with information on nanocomposites.
Book: Casting
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 15
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 December 2008
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v15.a0005339
EISBN: 978-1-62708-187-0
... ceramics, such as SiC, alumina silica, and the matrix can be a metal, such as aluminum, copper, titanium, or magnesium. Fig. 2 Classification of metal-matrix composites. (a) Aligned continuous fiber-reinforced composite. (b) Short fiber-reinforced composite. (c) Particulate composite Fiber...
Abstract
Metal matrix composites (MMCs) can be synthesized by vapor phase, liquid phase, or solid phase processes. This article emphasizes the liquid-phase processing where solid reinforcements are incorporated in the molten metal or alloy melt that is allowed to solidify to form a composite. It illustrates the three broad categories of MMCs depending on the aspect ratio of the reinforcing phase. The categories include continuous fiber-reinforced composites, discontinuous or short fiber-reinforced composites, and particle-reinforced composites. The article discusses the two main classes of solidification processing of composites, namely, stir casting and melt infiltration. It describes the effects of reinforcement present in the liquid alloy on solidification. The article examines the automotive, space, and electronic packaging applications of MMCs. It concludes with information on development of select cast MMCs.
Book Chapter
Series: ASM Desk Editions
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 November 1995
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.emde.a0003063
EISBN: 978-1-62708-200-6
... Abstract Ceramic-matrix composites (CMCs) are being developed for a number of high-temperature and high-performance applications in industrial, aerospace, and energy conservation sectors. This article focuses on processing, fabrication, testing, and characterization methods of CMCs, namely...
Abstract
Ceramic-matrix composites (CMCs) are being developed for a number of high-temperature and high-performance applications in industrial, aerospace, and energy conservation sectors. This article focuses on processing, fabrication, testing, and characterization methods of CMCs, namely, discontinuously reinforced composites and continuous-fiber-reinforced composites. Processing methods include cold pressing, sintering, hot pressing, reaction bonding, melt infiltration, directed metal oxidation, sol-gel and polymer pyrolysis, self-propagating high-temperature synthesis and joining. A table summarizes the properties of various ceramic reinforcements and industrial applications of these composites.
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 14A
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 2005
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v14a.a0004002
EISBN: 978-1-62708-185-6
... typically necessary. Processing maps combining temperature and strain rate have been developed for some of the discontinuously reinforced aluminum- and magnesium-base systems ( Ref 22 ). Forging evaluations have demonstrated that discontinuous metal-matrix composites based on existing wrought aluminum...
Abstract
Discontinuously reinforced aluminum (DRA) alloy metal-matrix composites (MMCs) represent an advanced aluminum materials concept whereby ceramic particles, or whiskers, are added to aluminum-base alloys through the use of either ingot-melting or casting and/or powder-metallurgy (P/M) techniques. This article begins with a summary of general observations on the forging of discontinuously reinforced composites. It provides information on some of the specific experimental results obtained on various DRA systems, including 2xxx DRA alloys and cast DRA alloys. The article reviews the efforts on the modeling of behavior of specific alloy systems, with a comparison of experimental results to the modeling attempts. It concludes with information on the properties of deformation-processed DRA alloys.
Book Chapter
Series: ASM Desk Editions
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 November 1995
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.emde.a0003031
EISBN: 978-1-62708-200-6
... Abstract This article discusses the types, properties, and uses of continuous-fiber-reinforced composites, including glass, carbon, aramid, boron, continuous silicon carbide, and aluminum oxide fiber composites. While polyester and vinyl ester resins are the most used matrix materials for...
Abstract
This article discusses the types, properties, and uses of continuous-fiber-reinforced composites, including glass, carbon, aramid, boron, continuous silicon carbide, and aluminum oxide fiber composites. While polyester and vinyl ester resins are the most used matrix materials for commercial applications, epoxy resins, bismaleimide resins, polyimide resins, and thermoplastic resins are used for aerospace applications. The article addresses design considerations as well as product forms and fabrication processes.
Series: ASM Desk Editions
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 November 1995
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.emde.a0003042
EISBN: 978-1-62708-200-6
... Abstract This article describes the use of conventional machining techniques, laser cutting and water-jet cutting for producing finished composite parts. It explains two representative polymer-matrix composites--graphite and aramid composites--and discusses the machining and drilling problems...
Abstract
This article describes the use of conventional machining techniques, laser cutting and water-jet cutting for producing finished composite parts. It explains two representative polymer-matrix composites--graphite and aramid composites--and discusses the machining and drilling problems such as delamination and fiber or resin pullout. The article describes machining and drilling techniques and the necessary tools and cutting parameters. It presents a description of laser cutting. The article also provides information on the advantages, disadvantages, cutting characteristics, and applications of water-jet cutting and abrasive water-jet cutting.
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 21
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 2001
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v21.9781627081955
EISBN: 978-1-62708-195-5
Book: Corrosion: Materials
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 13B
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 2005
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v13b.a0003827
EISBN: 978-1-62708-183-2
... solubility of either element in the other, they also have the same self-protection mechanism against atmospheric oxidation. The aluminum is the matrix, and the beryllium is the reinforcement. Aluminum-beryllium composites are made by inert gas atomization from a molten alloy. The input aluminum is 1100...
Abstract
This article describes the four major conditions that can cause beryllium to corrode in air. These include beryllium carbide particles exposed at the surface; surface contaminated with halide, sulfate, or nitrate ions; surface contaminated with other electrolyte fluids; and atmosphere that contains halide, sulfate, or nitrate ions. The article provides information on the behavior of beryllium under the combined effects of high-purity water environment, stress and chemical environment, and high-temperature environment. The compositions of the structural grades for intentionally controlled elements and major impurities are tabulated. The article discusses in-process problems and procedures with beryllium and aluminum-beryllium composites to prevent corrosion during processing, handling, and storage. It also describes the types of coatings used on beryllium and aluminum-beryllium. These include chemical conversion coatings, anodized coatings, plated coatings, organic coatings, and plasma-sprayed coatings.
Series: ASM Desk Editions
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 December 1998
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.mhde2.a0003175
EISBN: 978-1-62708-199-3
... covers the types and melting and casting practices of copper alloys, zinc alloys, magnesium alloys, titanium alloys, and superalloys, and provides a brief account on the casting technique of metal-matrix composites. aluminum alloys casting copper alloys magnesium alloys melting metal-matrix...
Abstract
Aluminum alloys are primarily used for nonferrous castings because of their light weight and corrosion resistance. This article discusses at length the melting and metal treatment, structure control, sand casting, permanent mold casting, and die casting of aluminum alloys. It also covers the types and melting and casting practices of copper alloys, zinc alloys, magnesium alloys, titanium alloys, and superalloys, and provides a brief account on the casting technique of metal-matrix composites.
Series: ASM Desk Editions
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 November 1995
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.emde.a0003005
EISBN: 978-1-62708-200-6
... materials, including ferrous alloys, nonferrous alloys, ceramics, cermets and cemented carbides, engineering plastics, polymer-matrix composites, metal-matrix composites, ceramic-matrix and carbon-carbon composites, and reviews their general property characteristics and applications. It describes the...
Abstract
The selection of engineered materials is an integrated process that requires an understanding of the interaction between materials properties, manufacturing characteristics, design considerations, and the total life cycle of the product. This article classifies various engineered materials, including ferrous alloys, nonferrous alloys, ceramics, cermets and cemented carbides, engineering plastics, polymer-matrix composites, metal-matrix composites, ceramic-matrix and carbon-carbon composites, and reviews their general property characteristics and applications. It describes the synergy between the elements of the materials selection process and presents a general comparison of material properties. Finally, the article provides a short note on computer aided materials selection systems, which help in proper archiving of materials selection decisions for future reference.
Book Chapter
Series: ASM Desk Editions
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 December 1998
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.mhde2.a0003108
EISBN: 978-1-62708-199-3
... (bull's-eye structure) surrounded by a pearlitic matrix. Abstract This article provides information on the general characteristics, composition, uses, applications and specifications for standard grades of ductile iron. It describes the manufacturing and metallurgical process control procedures...
Abstract
This article provides information on the general characteristics, composition, uses, applications and specifications for standard grades of ductile iron. It describes the manufacturing and metallurgical process control procedures, including testing and inspection, and heat treatment. The article also talks about the effects of composition, graphite shape, and section size on the mechanical properties of ductile iron. Tables and graphs provide helpful information on the tensile properties, compressive properties, torsional properties, damping capacity, impact properties, fracture toughness, fatigue strength, and elevated-temperature properties of ductile iron.
Book: Casting
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 15
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 December 2008
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v15.a0005322
EISBN: 978-1-62708-187-0
... production to avoid graphite formation during solidification; small amounts of magnesium are added to molten iron to form spheroidal graphite (ductile iron) or compacted graphite. The microstructure of irons depends on process factors rather than just chemical composition ( Fig. 1 ). Accordingly, large and...
Abstract
The term cast iron designates a group of materials that contain more than one constituent in their microstructure due to excess carbon that result in unique characteristics such as the fracture appearance and graphite morphology. This article discusses the classification of cast iron and the various metallurgical aspects, such as composition, alloying element, solidification, and graphite morphologies, of different types of cast iron. It describes the physical properties for various cast irons and the influence of microstructure and chemical composition on each property. The article provides a detailed account on thermal properties, conductive properties, magnetic properties, and acoustic properties of cast iron. It also discusses heat treatment, namely, stress relieving, annealing, normalizing, through hardening, and surface hardening. The article presents a discussion on the welding, machining and grinding, and coating of the types of cast iron.
Book Chapter
Series: ASM Desk Editions
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 November 1995
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.emde.a0003033
EISBN: 978-1-62708-200-6
... Abstract This article addresses the types, properties, forms, and applications of fibers that are available for use in fiber-reinforced polymeric matrix composites, including glass, graphite, carbon, aramid, boron, silicon carbide, ceramic, continuous oxide and discontinuous oxide fibers. It...
Abstract
This article addresses the types, properties, forms, and applications of fibers that are available for use in fiber-reinforced polymeric matrix composites, including glass, graphite, carbon, aramid, boron, silicon carbide, ceramic, continuous oxide and discontinuous oxide fibers. It describes the functions, types, and chemical composition of fiber sizing agents. The article discusses the styles, properties, applications, and weaving methods of unidirectional, two-directional and multidirectionally reinforced fabrics. The article also reviews the use of prepreg resins in aerospace and lower performance applications.
Book Chapter
Series: ASM Desk Editions
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 November 1995
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.emde.a0003066
EISBN: 978-1-62708-200-6
... Abstract This article describes the chemical composition, physical properties, thermal properties, mechanical properties, electrical properties, optical properties, magnetic properties, and chemical properties of glasses, glass-matrix composites, and glass-ceramics. chemical properties...
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 11
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 15 January 2021
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v11.a0006787
EISBN: 978-1-62708-295-2
... significantly. Fig. 27 Concentration of predominant oxides of calcium-magnesium-alumino-silicates (CMAS), grouped by examples of sources of siliceous debris, compositions reported for actual deposits in engines, and model compositions used in laboratory investigations of the problem. Source: Ref 196...
Abstract
High-temperature corrosion can occur in numerous environments and is affected by various parameters such as temperature, alloy and protective coating compositions, stress, time, and gas composition. This article discusses the primary mechanisms of high-temperature corrosion, namely oxidation, carburization, metal dusting, nitridation, carbonitridation, sulfidation, and chloridation. Several other potential degradation processes, namely hot corrosion, hydrogen interactions, molten salts, aging, molten sand, erosion-corrosion, and environmental cracking, are discussed under boiler tube failures, molten salts for energy storage, and degradation and failures in gas turbines. The article describes the effects of environment on aero gas turbine engines and provides an overview of aging, diffusion, and interdiffusion phenomena. It also discusses the processes involved in high-temperature coatings that improve performance of superalloy.