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Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 20
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 1997
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v20.a0002460
EISBN: 978-1-62708-194-8
...-temperature fracture, high-temperature fracture, and fatigue failure are also discussed. atomic coordination ceramics crystal structure crystalline defects fatigue failure high-temperature fracture low-temperature fracture low-temperature strength mechanical properties metals microstructure...
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 1
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 1990
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v01.a0001037
EISBN: 978-1-62708-161-0
... Abstract Critical structural components must be fabricated from steels that exhibit adequate low-temperature fracture toughness because of the serious consequences of failure due to brittle fracture. This article reviews fracture resistance assessment procedures for welded joints and includes...
Image
Published: 01 January 2002
Fig. 6 Nonuniform, low quenching temperatures can cause bald-head fractures in carbon-tool steel dies. More
Book Chapter

Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 12A
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 30 June 2025
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v12a.a0007066
EISBN: 978-1-62708-500-7
... (ASTM A47, grade 32510) after impact loading at −196 °C (−320 °F). Regions of dimpled rupture can still be observed even at this low temperature. Fracture-surface morphology is mixed (cleavage and dimpled rupture). SEM. Original magnification: 830× (R.C. Voigt and B. Pourlaidian, University of Kansas...
Image
Published: 01 January 1987
Fig. 87 Fracture surface of ferritic-pearlite ductile iron in Fig. 85 and 86 . The low-temperature fracture occurred via a brittle, quasi-cleavage mode. SEM, 715× (R.C. Voigt and L.M. Eldoky, University of Kansas) More
Image
Published: 30 June 2025
Fig. 2 Fracture surface of ferritic malleable iron (ASTM A47, grade 32510) after impact loading at −196 °C (−320 °F). Regions of dimpled rupture can still be observed even at this low temperature. Fracture-surface morphology is mixed (cleavage and dimpled rupture). SEM. Original magnification More
Book Chapter

Series: ASM Handbook Archive
Volume: 12
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 1987
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v12.a0000603
EISBN: 978-1-62708-181-8
... high-nodularity ductile iron tested at room temperature. Note cleavage facets extending to the nodule, secondary cracking, and evidence of nodule cavity elongation. This material is not as tough as ferritic or pearlitic ductile iron. SEM, 550×. Fig. 66 : Fracture surface of normalized low-nodularity...
Book Chapter

By Niels Skat Tiedje
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 1A
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 31 August 2017
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v01a.a0006325
EISBN: 978-1-62708-179-5
... content of standard-grade irons to 3.5 to 5.0 wt% ( Ref 2 , 9 ). With these alloys, it is possible to make ferritic cast irons that combine ductility and strength in the as-cast state, so that a subsequent heat treatment can be avoided. This is, to some degree, at the expense of low-temperature fracture...
Book Chapter

By T.A. Siewert, C.N. McCowan
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 6
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 1993
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v06.a0001464
EISBN: 978-1-62708-173-3
... applications where their limited ductility is acceptable ( Ref 8 , 9 , 10 ). The 18Ni maraging steel and the titanium alloy do not show a transition from ductile to brittle fracture at low temperatures, as do 9Ni and other lower-nickel-content steels ( Ref 1 , 2 , 9 ). No data for weld toughness were found...
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 19
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 1996
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v19.a0002352
EISBN: 978-1-62708-193-1
... curves for each mode and for ductile fracture. While high-temperature fracture may absorb a significant amount of energy, the inelastic deformation is strongly rate dependent, in contrast to that for low-temperature fracture, and is therefore classified as a distinct mechanism. Most low-temperature...
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 19
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 1996
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v19.a0002397
EISBN: 978-1-62708-193-1
... ), whereas in the multiphase structures of pearlite and bainite the fracture facet size is controlled by the prior austenite grain size ( Ref 3 ). Low-Temperature Intergranular Fracture Low-temperature intergranular fracture can occur by two basic mechanisms: trace-element grain-boundary segregation...
Book Chapter

Series: ASM Handbook Archive
Volume: 11
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 2002
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v11.a0003545
EISBN: 978-1-62708-180-1
.... In contrast, void nucleation is not fully understood, although it appears to be the result of strain “misaccommodation” similar to crack nucleation in some low-temperature fractures ( Ref 6 ). For the high-temperature case, two adjacent grains may move at different creep rates. If the rates cannot be made...
Book Chapter

Series: ASM Desk Editions
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 December 1998
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.mhde2.a0003104
EISBN: 978-1-62708-199-3
... wear, lubrication and lubricated wear, and selection of steels for wear resistance. The article discusses the effect of alloying elements, composition, and mechanical properties of carbon and low-alloy steels at elevated temperatures. It talks about the fatigue resistance characteristics of steels...
Book Chapter

By Stephen D. Antolovich
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 19
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 1996
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v19.a0002351
EISBN: 978-1-62708-193-1
... provides an overview of some of the major microstructural considerations in carbon and alloy steels that affect the fracture toughness, such as the ferrite grain size for low-temperature fracture, the prior-austenite grain size, the size, spacing, and character of inclusions, and phase transformations...
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 12
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 June 2024
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v12.a0007026
EISBN: 978-1-62708-387-4
... are the parameters of materials selection. Aluminum alloys, being face-centered cubic materials, do not exhibit sudden ductile-to-brittle transition in fracture behavior with decreasing temperature from ambient conditions. Aluminum alloys are insensitive to strain rates in a wide range at room and low...
Book Chapter

By Richard P. Baron
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 11
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 15 January 2021
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v11.a0006780
EISBN: 978-1-62708-295-2
... by the same mechanisms that cause creep deformation. In contrast, void nucleation is not fully understood, although it appears to be the result of strain “misaccommodation,” similar to crack nucleation in some low-temperature fractures ( Ref 12 ). For the high-temperature case, two adjacent grains can move...
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 19
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 1996
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v19.a0002398
EISBN: 978-1-62708-193-1
..., a significant portion of this article is based on a very comprehensive study of the fatigue and fracture properties of cast steels at room and low climatic temperatures done by R.I. Stephens and his students ( Ref 2 , 3 ). The study included fatigue behavior under both constant-amplitude and variable-amplitude...
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 11A
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 30 August 2021
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v11A.a0006809
EISBN: 978-1-62708-329-4
... mitigation storage tanks METAL TEMPERATURE highly influences the fracture toughness of carbon and low-alloy steel materials. At low temperatures, the material tends to behave in a brittle manner, making it much more susceptible to sudden fracture without warning. At high temperatures, the material...
Book Chapter

By Craig C. Brown
Book: Casting
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 15
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 December 2008
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v15.a0005342
EISBN: 978-1-62708-187-0
... temperature of the component. This can occur with carbon and low-alloy steels as well as ductile iron. An example of cleavage fracture in a ductile iron is shown in Fig. 6 . This contrasts with the ductile rupture features shown previously. In some cases, such as ductile iron and low-alloy steel...
Book

Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 12A
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 30 June 2025
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v12a.9781627085007
EISBN: 978-1-62708-500-7