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low-iron premium die-casting alloys
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Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 2B
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 15 June 2019
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v02b.a0006573
EISBN: 978-1-62708-210-5
... 1. Koch H. , Hielscher U. , Sternau H. , and Franke A.J. , “ SILAFONT-36 the new Low-Iron High-Pressure Die-Casting Alloy ,” 124th Annual meeting, Light Metals 1995 , p 1011 – 1018 2. Bösch D. , Hielscher U. , Pogatscher S. , Hummel M. , M. et...
Abstract
Alloy 365.0 and A365.0 are developed near eutectic Al-Si die-casting alloys with additions of manganese to reduce die soldering. This datasheet provides information on key alloy metallurgy, processing effects on tensile properties, and fabrication characteristics of these 3xxx series alloys.
Book Chapter
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 2B
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 15 June 2019
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v02b.a0006574
EISBN: 978-1-62708-210-5
... (ksi) Elongation, % 260–275 (38–40) 125–140 (18–20) 10–12 145 (21) 280–295 (41–43) 185–200 (27–29) 14–16 140 (20) Abstract Abstract The aluminum alloys 367.0 and 368.0 are high-performance, low-iron, die-casting alloys that rely on strontium for die soldering resistance...
Abstract
The aluminum alloys 367.0 and 368.0 are high-performance, low-iron, die-casting alloys that rely on strontium for die soldering resistance. In these alloys, the lower iron content minimizes the formation of needle-like, Al-Fe-Si phases that can deteriorate strength, elongation and fatigue behavior. This datasheet provides information on key alloy metallurgy, processing effects on tensile properties, and fabrication characteristics of these 3xxx series alloys.
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 2B
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 15 June 2019
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v02b.a0006572
EISBN: 978-1-62708-210-5
... (ksi) 145 (21) 140 (20) Abstract Abstract Alloy 362.0, low-iron premium die-casting alloy, is made from recycled secondary metal scrap and was developed to have equivalent or better mechanical properties than Silafont-36 and/or Aural-2. This datasheet provides information on key alloy...
Abstract
Alloy 362.0, low-iron premium die-casting alloy, is made from recycled secondary metal scrap and was developed to have equivalent or better mechanical properties than Silafont-36 and/or Aural-2. This datasheet provides information on key alloy metallurgy, processing effects on physical and mechanical properties, and applications of this alloy.
Book Chapter
Book: Casting
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 15
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 December 2008
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v15.a0005287
EISBN: 978-1-62708-187-0
... in the casting of hot-short alloys in which liquidus-solidus range and elevated-temperature strength combine to increase the tendency for cracking during and after solidification. Determined efforts to cast even the most difficult foundry alloys, such as low-iron aluminum-copper alloys, have nevertheless been...
Abstract
Aluminum casting alloys are the most versatile of all common foundry alloys and generally have the highest castability ratings. This article provides an overview of the common methods of aluminum shape casting. These include gravity casting, die casting, sand casting, lost foam casting, shell mold casting, plaster casting, investment casting, permanent mold casting, squeeze casting, semisolid forming, centrifugal casting, and pressure die casting. The article presents several different factors on which the selection of a casting process depends. It discusses gating and risering principles in casting. The article concludes with information on premium engineered castings that provide higher levels of quality and reliability than in conventionally produced castings.
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 2
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 1990
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v02.a0001061
EISBN: 978-1-62708-162-7
...Factors affecting selection of casting process for aluminum alloys Table 7 Factors affecting selection of casting process for aluminum alloys Factor Casting process Sand casting Permanent mold casting Die casting Cost of equipment Lowest cost if only a few items required Less...
Abstract
Aluminum casting alloys are the most versatile of all common foundry alloys and generally have the highest castability ratings. This article discusses the designation and classification of aluminum casting alloys based on their composition and the factors influencing alloy selection. Alloys discussed include rotor alloys, commercial duralumin alloys, premium casting alloys, piston and elevated-temperature alloys, general-purpose alloys, magnesium alloys, aluminum-zinc-magnesium alloys, and bearing alloys. Six basic types of aluminum alloys developed for casting include aluminum-copper, aluminum-copper-silicon, aluminum-silicon, aluminum-magnesium, aluminum-zinc-magnesium, and aluminum-tin. The article also describes the main casting processes for aluminum alloys, which include die casting, permanent mold casting, sand casting (green sand and dry sand), plaster casting, and investment casting. In addition, the article discusses factors affecting the mechanical and physical properties, microstructural features that affect mechanical properties, the effects of alloying, and major applications of aluminum casting alloys.
Book Chapter
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 2B
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 15 June 2019
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v02b.a0006553
EISBN: 978-1-62708-210-5
..., 358.0, and 359.0 alloys. The high properties of these alloys, attained by heat treatment to the fully hardened condition, are of special interest in structural applications. Developments in high-integrity die casting have resulted in low- iron, manganese-containing Al-Si-Mg alloys such as 365.0...
Abstract
This article summarizes some general alloy groupings by application or major characteristics. The groupings include cast rotor, general-purpose, elevated-temperature, wear-resistant, moderate-strength, high-strength, and high-integrity die casting alloys and cast aluminum alloys bearings. A table lists selected applications for aluminum casting alloys.
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 2B
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 15 June 2019
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v02b.a0006548
EISBN: 978-1-62708-210-5
... and/or permanent mold casting alloy levels, because a low iron level in such alloys fails to prevent the molten aluminum alloy from fully or partially soldering with a conventional die casting metal mold (generally constructed of H-13 tool steel). This problem has led to the development of new die casting alloys...
Abstract
This article aims to comprehensively review and summarize the material properties and engineering data for aluminum alloy castings and their many applications. The discussion focuses on conventional sand, permanent mold, and die castings as well as the premium engineered versions of some alloys. The article provides a summary of aluminum casting alloy designations of The Aluminum Association, the Unified Numbering System, and specific alloys considered premium strength by definition and by ASTM International and Aerospace Material Specifications. A distillation of data from published industry sources is given for a wide range of the properties and performance characteristics for topics such as: physical and thermophysical properties, typical and minimum mechanical properties, fatigue resistance, fracture resistance, and subcritical crack growth.
Book Chapter
Series: ASM Desk Editions
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 December 1998
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.mhde2.a0003127
EISBN: 978-1-62708-199-3
... holes in bosses for fastening or as passage for fluids. Casting Processes Aluminum alloy castings are routinely produced by pressure-die, permanent-mold, green- and dry-sand, investment, and plaster casting. Aluminum alloys are also readily cast with vacuum, low-pressure, centrifugal, and pattern...
Abstract
Aluminum casting alloys are the most versatile of all common foundry alloys and generally have the highest castability ratings. Aluminum alloy castings are routinely produced by pressure-die, permanent-mold, green and dry-sand, investment, and plaster casting. This article describes factors affecting the selection of casting process and the general designation system for aluminum alloys. It provides useful information on mechanical test methods, selection of proper test specimens for accurate test methods, characteristics of premium engineered castings, and advantages of hot isostatic pressing.
Book: Casting
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 15
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 December 2008
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v15.a0005331
EISBN: 978-1-62708-187-0
.... Today, aluminum alloy castings are produced in hundreds of compositions by all commercial casting processes, including green sand, dry sand, composite mold, plaster mold, investment casting, permanent mold, counter gravity low-pressure casting, and pressure die casting. Casting processes...
Abstract
This article begins with a discussion on the effects of alloying and impurity elements on the properties of aluminum cast alloys and their chemical compositions. It describes the various means of structural control, namely, chemistry control, control of element ratios based on the stoichiometry of intermetallic phases, and control of solidification conditions. The article discusses the modification and grain refinement of aluminum-silicon alloys by the use of modifiers and refiners to influence eutectic and hypereutectic structures in aluminum-silicon alloys. It provides information on foundry alloys for specific casting applications. The article concludes with a discussion on the heat treatment practices and properties of aluminum casting alloys.
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 4D
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 October 2014
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v04d.a0005974
EISBN: 978-1-62708-168-9
... , 1989 , p 1 – 7 2. Hot Work Tool Steels (H Series) , Heat Treater's Guide: Practices and Procedures for Irons and Steels , 2nd ed. , ASM International , p 589 – 621 3. Malm S. and Tidlund J. , Increased Life for Die Casting Dies , Transactions of the Tenth International...
Abstract
This article focuses on heat treating of the most important H-series and low-alloy hot-work tool steels, namely, normalizing, annealing, stress relieving, preheating, austenitizing, quenching, tempering, and surface hardening. It describes the heat-treating procedure for hot-work tools using examples. The article provides information on the North American Die-Casting Association's requirements for steel grades and heat treatment of dies made of hot-work tool steels. It also describes the chemical compositions and mechanical and metallurgical properties of hot-work tool steels.
Book: Composites
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 21
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 2001
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v21.a0003484
EISBN: 978-1-62708-195-5
... ceramic preform is placed in a permanent die mold, and complete infiltration by the molten metal matrix is accomplished by rapid pressurization. This squeeze casting process provides a high-quality component with low cost and very high production rates, as high as 100,000 per month ( Ref 3...
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 2B
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 15 June 2019
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v02b.a0006457
EISBN: 978-1-62708-210-5
...: Ref 22 Fig. 17 Fracture toughness comparisons of aluminum alloys 2024, 2124, 7075, and 7475. Aluminum alloys 2124 and 7475 are tougher versions of alloys 2024 and 7075. High-purity metal (low iron and silicon) and special processing techniques are needed to optimize toughness...
Abstract
This article discusses the concepts underlying linear elastic fracture mechanics and elastic-plastic fracture mechanics as well as their importance in characterizing the fracture behavior of the high-strength aluminum alloys. It describes the three methods used for analyzing elastic-plastic fracture, namely R-curve concept, J-integral concept, and crack tip opening displacement method. The article considers the primary measures used to assess the toughness of aluminum alloy castings and wrought alloys: notch toughness, tear resistance, and plane-strain fracture toughness.
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 2A
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 30 November 2018
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v02a.a0006524
EISBN: 978-1-62708-207-5
... Range of properties available in 370.0 alloy die castings Fig. 15 Iron solubility at the aluminum-silicon eutectic as a function of manganese content in the alloy Abstract Abstract Aluminum casting alloys are among the most versatile of all common foundry alloys and generally have...
Abstract
Aluminum casting alloys are among the most versatile of all common foundry alloys and generally have high castability ratings. This article provides an overview of the common methods of aluminum shape casting. It discusses the designations of aluminum casting alloys categorized by the Aluminum Association designation system. The article summarizes the basic composition groupings of aluminum casting alloy and discusses the effects of specific alloying elements and impurities. The characteristics of the important casting processes are summarized and compared in a table. The article presents the advantages and disadvantages of green sand casting, permanent mold casting, semipermanent mold casting, and high-pressure die casting. A discussion on other casting processes, such as investment casting, lost foam, plaster mold casting, pressure casting, centrifugal casting, and semisolid casting, is also included.
Book: Casting
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 15
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 December 2008
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v15.a0005187
EISBN: 978-1-62708-187-0
... of several casting methods Table 2 Comparison of several casting methods Approximate and depending on the metal Parameter Green sand casting Permanent mold cast Die casting CO 2 -core casting Investment casting Relative cost in quantity Low Low Lowest Medium-high Highest Relative...
Abstract
This article discusses the categories and subcategories of shape casting processes. These include single-use processes such as sand, plaster, ceramic, and graphite molding; essentially unpressurized multiuse processes, such as permanent mold; and high-pressure metal mold methods, such as die casting, squeeze casting, and semisolid processing. The article contains tables that compare some of the typical capabilities of shape casting processes.
Book Chapter
Series: ASM Desk Editions
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 December 1998
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.mhde2.a0003192
EISBN: 978-1-62708-199-3
... steels, wrought Cast irons—gray, ductile, and malleable Aluminum alloys, wrought and cast Titanium alloys, wrought Nickel-base, high-temperature alloys, wrought and cast. Turning, free-machining low-carbon steels, wrought Table 1 Turning, free-machining low-carbon steels, wrought...
Abstract
This article is a comprehensive collection of machining data, presented in tables, covering most of the commonly used machining operations including turning, face milling, end milling (peripheral), drilling, reaming, and tapping of several materials. It provides starting recommendations for the range of speeds and feeds for various machining operations, parameters for the selection of tool geometry, and guidelines on the selection and identification of cutting fluids.
Series: ASM Desk Editions
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 December 1998
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.mhde2.a0003175
EISBN: 978-1-62708-199-3
... casting are rarely used in pressure die casting. This is because the steel die material is soluble in molten aluminum. Therefore, iron is added to die casting alloys in amounts above 0.7%, which stops dissolution of the die in the alloy. Low-iron alloys solder to the die, and the castings cannot...
Abstract
Aluminum alloys are primarily used for nonferrous castings because of their light weight and corrosion resistance. This article discusses at length the melting and metal treatment, structure control, sand casting, permanent mold casting, and die casting of aluminum alloys. It also covers the types and melting and casting practices of copper alloys, zinc alloys, magnesium alloys, titanium alloys, and superalloys, and provides a brief account on the casting technique of metal-matrix composites.
Book Chapter
Book: Casting
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 15
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 December 2008
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v15.a0005306
EISBN: 978-1-62708-187-0
..., and iron will also be removed to very low levels with or before the antimony. The softened and highly purified lead thus produced is required in the production of battery alloys, whose electrochemical performance is highly dependent on the removal of impurities. Fig. 3 Final lead refining using...
Book: Casting
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 15
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 December 2008
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v15.a0005318
EISBN: 978-1-62708-187-0
... feasible for low-volume production. Similarly, the die casting process can allow the part designer great flexibility in local material properties by the use of cast-in inserts of other materials, such as steel, iron, brass, and ceramics. The bond between insert and casting is mechanical, so the insert...
Abstract
The designer of die casting tooling must balance the functional requirements of the part being cast with the cost, speed, and quality requirements of the process. In addition, attention must also be paid to the capacity and operating parameters of the casting machines being used and the need and economics of postprocessing. This article examines how design and materials selection address these diverse requirements of conventional die casting tooling. It focuses on the tooling for high-volume processes where the liquid or semisolid metal is forced into the die with high pressure and speed. The article also describes the functions of the tooling which involves supplying of molten alloy to the casting machine and injecting it into the die.
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 20
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 1997
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v20.a0002486
EISBN: 978-1-62708-194-8
... by MPIF ( Ref 10 ). After sintering, the residual porosity in MIM parts is very low and not interconnected. With densities typically in excess of 96% of theoretical density, the resultant mechanical properties are superior to conventional die-compacted P/M materials and more closely match the properties...
Abstract
This article begins with a discussion on general powder metallurgy design considerations that assist in the selection of the appropriate processing method. It reviews powder processing techniques, conventional press-and-sinter methods, and full-density processes to understand the design restrictions of each powder processing method. The article provides comparison of powder processing methods based on their similarities, differences, advantages, and disadvantages. It concludes with a discussion on design issues for the components of powder processing technologies.
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 2A
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 30 November 2018
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v02a.a0006498
EISBN: 978-1-62708-207-5
... resistance. Alloys used for high-solid-fraction semisolid casting typically have low iron concentrations (<0.4%) because higher iron concentrations are detrimental to ductility. Alloys used for low-solid-fraction rheocasting often contain higher iron concentrations similar to die casting alloys (~1...
Abstract
Semisolid casting is a near-net shape manufacturing process capable of producing thick- and thin-walled complex-shaped components having excellent mechanical and functional performance. This article begins with a discussion on the history of semisolid processing and the advantages claimed for semisolid casting. It describes the four notable processes used to produce semisolid castings: thixocasting, rheocasting, thixomolding, and wrought processes. Most commercial aluminum semisolid casters use either thixocasting or rheocasting. The article discusses the die design, process conditions, and simulation for semisolid casting. It concludes with a review of several components produced by each of the various semisolid casting processes.