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Transverse and longitudinal cracks on as-ground weld areas on the inside su...

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in Corrosion of Carbon Steel Weldments > Corrosion: Fundamentals, Testing, and Protection
Published: 01 January 2003
Fig. 7 Transverse and longitudinal cracks on as-ground weld areas on the inside surface of storage vessel B. (a) Transverse and longitudinal cracks. (b) Transverse cracks. Source: Ref 11 More
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Methods for calculating maximum loads for piping with longitudinal cracks. ...

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in Testing of Pressure Vessels, Piping, and Tubing > Mechanical Testing and Evaluation
Published: 01 January 2000
Fig. 1 Methods for calculating maximum loads for piping with longitudinal cracks. Note: exp [ A ] = e A More
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Multiple longitudinal cracks were present with the housing bosses.

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in Environmental Stress Cracking > Characterization and Failure Analysis of Plastics
Published: 15 May 2022
Fig. 21 Multiple longitudinal cracks were present with the housing bosses. More
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Longitudinal cracks on a delaminated fracture surface indicative of progressive fracture. ∼5×

Longitudinal cracks on a delaminated fracture surface indicative of progres...

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in Visual Analysis, Nondestructive Testing, and Destructive Testing > Composites
Published: 01 January 2001
Fig. 5 Longitudinal cracks on a delaminated fracture surface indicative of progressive fracture. ∼5× More
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Longitudinal cracks developed in insulated copper piping used to convey ref...

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in Gallery of Corrosion Damage > Corrosion: Materials
Published: 01 January 2005
Fig. 67 Longitudinal cracks developed in insulated copper piping used to convey refrigerant to food cabinets in supermarkets. Some pipes leaked within weeks of installation. The cause was attributed to certain formulations of elastomeric insulation that yielded ammonia solutions when More
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Longitudinal crack and intergranular stress-corrosion cracks in copper air-...

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in Stress-Corrosion Cracking > Failure Analysis and Prevention
Published: 01 January 2002
Fig. 47 Longitudinal crack and intergranular stress-corrosion cracks in copper air-conditioning absorber tubes. (a) Longitudinal crack in one of the subject absorber tubes. 0.75×. (b) Macrograph of fine, irregular crack observed on the outer surface of the second absorber tube after light acid More
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Longitudinal crack and intergranular stress-corrosion cracks in copper air-...

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in Nondestructive Inspection of Tubular Products[1] > Nondestructive Evaluation of Materials
Published: 01 August 2018
Fig. 16 Longitudinal crack and intergranular stress-corrosion cracks in copper air-conditioning absorber tubes. (a) Longitudinal crack in one of the absorber tubes. Original magnification: 0.75×. (b) Macrograph of fine, irregular crack on the outer surface of the second absorber tube after More
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Toughness-dependent critical crack length for longitudinal crack in a pipe ...

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in Testing of Pressure Vessels, Piping, and Tubing > Mechanical Testing and Evaluation
Published: 01 January 2000
Fig. 2 Toughness-dependent critical crack length for longitudinal crack in a pipe with an outer diameter of 800 mm (31.5 in.), wall thickness of 47.2 mm (1.86 in.), internal pressure of 20 MPa (2.9 ksi), and a ratio of crack depth to wall thickness of 1.0 More
Book Chapter

Testing of Pressure Vessels, Piping, and Tubing

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By E. Roos, K.-H. Herter, F. Otremba
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 8
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 2000
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v08.a0003328
EISBN: 978-1-62708-176-4
... Abstract This article provides an overview of the safety aspects and integrity concept for pressure vessels, piping, and tubing. It focuses on the fracture mechanics approaches used to validate components with longitudinal cracks and circumferential cracks and to analyze crack growth behavior...
Abstract
This article provides an overview of the safety aspects and integrity concept for pressure vessels, piping, and tubing. It focuses on the fracture mechanics approaches used to validate components with longitudinal cracks and circumferential cracks and to analyze crack growth behavior under cyclic loading. Full-scale testing facilities and the typical test results required for various applications are discussed. The article also presents information on the transferability of mechanical properties of materials.
View PDF for content titled, Testing of Pressure Vessels, Piping, and Tubing
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Micrographic montage of a longitudinal crack in a brass tube from a generat...

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in Stress-Corrosion Cracking > Failure Analysis and Prevention
Published: 01 January 2002
Fig. 48 Micrographic montage of a longitudinal crack in a brass tube from a generator air cooler. The inside diameter of the tube is at the bottom. Etched in potassium dichromate. 100× More
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Delamination (longitudinal crack) in a tensile specimen. Source: Ref 56

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in Mechanisms and Appearances of Ductile and Brittle Fracture in Metals > Failure Analysis and Prevention
Published: 01 January 2002
Fig. 33 Delamination (longitudinal crack) in a tensile specimen. Source: Ref 56 More
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Micrograph of a longitudinal crack in the heat affected zone of a weld from...

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in Corrosion of Carbon Steel Weldments > Corrosion: Fundamentals, Testing, and Protection
Published: 01 January 2003
Fig. 9 Micrograph of a longitudinal crack in the heat affected zone of a weld from storage vessel B. Etched with nital. Source: Ref 11 More
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Test results for longitudinally cracked straight pipes (outer diameter, 800...

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in Testing of Pressure Vessels, Piping, and Tubing > Mechanical Testing and Evaluation
Published: 01 January 2000
Fig. 21 Test results for longitudinally cracked straight pipes (outer diameter, 800 mm, or 31.5 in.; wall thickness, 47.2 mm, or 1.86 in.) under internal pressure (burst test). R e , yield strength; R m , tensile strength; a , crack depth; s , wall thickness More
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Failure of a tube. (a) Pits. (b) Longitudinal crack. Source: Ref 15

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in Failure Analysis of Heat Exchangers > Analysis and Prevention of Component and Equipment Failures
Published: 30 August 2021
Fig. 37 Failure of a tube. (a) Pits. (b) Longitudinal crack. Source: Ref 15 More
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Delamination (longitudinal crack) in a tensile specimen

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in Mechanisms and Appearances of Ductile and Brittle Fracture in Metals > Failure Analysis and Prevention
Published: 15 January 2021
Fig. 33 Delamination (longitudinal crack) in a tensile specimen More
Image

(a) Longitudinal crack in a copper air-conditioning absorber tube. (b) Macr...

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in Stress-Corrosion Cracking > Failure Analysis and Prevention
Published: 15 January 2021
Fig. 60 (a) Longitudinal crack in a copper air-conditioning absorber tube. (b) Macrograph of fine, irregular cracks observed in the outside-diameter surface of the copper air-conditioning absorber tube after a light acid cleaning to remove the corrosion product. Original magnification: 2×. (c More
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Micrographic montage of a longitudinal crack in a brass finned tube from a ...

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in Stress-Corrosion Cracking > Failure Analysis and Prevention
Published: 15 January 2021
Fig. 61 Micrographic montage of a longitudinal crack in a brass finned tube from a generator air cooler. The inside-diameter surface of the tube is at the bottom of the image. Original magnification: 100× More
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Fractured tensile specimen. A longitudinal crack is present on the bar. Source: Ref 30

Fractured tensile specimen. A longitudinal crack is present on the bar. Sou...

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in The Role of Fractography in Metallurgical Failure Analysis > Fractography
Published: 01 June 2024
Fig. 107 Fractured tensile specimen. A longitudinal crack is present on the bar. Source: Ref 30 More
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Refilled cracks in a low-carbon steel slab, longitudinal section. Electroly...

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in Macroetching > Metallography and Microstructures
Published: 01 December 2004
Fig. 6 Refilled cracks in a low-carbon steel slab, longitudinal section. Electrolytic macroetch. Courtesy of J. Kelly, Steltech Ltd. More
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(a) Fractography and (b) crack-path morphology for the short-longitudinal (crack-delamination) orientation, typical of all alloys at both 77 and 298 K, showing intergranular delamination-type failure. Fracture surfaces are for 2090-T8E41 and show evidence of 1 to 2 μm-sized iron- and copper-rich intermetallic particles. Arrow in (a) indicates general direction of crack growth. (c) Delamination toughening in the crack-arrester configuration due to crack deflection at the initiation of crack growth along weak short-transverse planes in aluminum-lithium alloy 2090-T8E41. Macrograph obtained for the short-transverse orientation with a measured toughness value of 65 MPa · mm1/2. (d) SEM micrograph of alloy 2090-T8E41 of the boundary (marked by vertical arrows) between the fatigue precrack region and unstable crack growth due to overload fracture (during KIc testing) for the crack-divider (longitudinal-transverse) orientation. Note the incidence of short-transverse delaminations (marked by inclined arrows) immediately after the boundary, at crack initiation. Horizontal arrow represents the general direction of crack growth. (e, f) SEM micrographs of the fracture surfaces of unnotched round tensile specimens of 2090-T8E41 (longitudinal orientation) tested at (e) 298 K and (f) 77 K, showing the presence of extensive short-transverse delamination at liquid nitrogen temperatures. Source: Ref 38

(a) Fractography and (b) crack-path morphology for the short-longitudinal (...

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in Cryogenic Toughness and Fractography of Aluminum Alloys > Fractography
Published: 01 June 2024
Fig. 41 (a) Fractography and (b) crack-path morphology for the short-longitudinal (crack-delamination) orientation, typical of all alloys at both 77 and 298 K, showing intergranular delamination-type failure. Fracture surfaces are for 2090-T8E41 and show evidence of 1 to 2 μm-sized iron More