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Published: 31 August 2017
Fig. 7 Surface energy balance for the liquid metal/solid silica system. γ, surface energy; θ, solid/liquid contact angle; SL, solid/liquid; LV, liquid/vapor; SV, solid/vapor More
Book Chapter

By R.D. Kane
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 13A
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 2003
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v13a.a0003610
EISBN: 978-1-62708-182-5
... Abstract This article provides information on the liquid lithium systems that are exposed to liquid metal. It discusses the forms in which liquid-metal corrosion is manifested. The influence of several key factors on the corrosion of metals and alloys by liquid-metal systems or liquid-vapor...
Book Chapter

By P.F. Tortorelli, S.J. Pawel
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 13A
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 2003
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v13a.a0003594
EISBN: 978-1-62708-182-5
.... It also provides guidelines for materials selection and alloy development based on liquid metal corrosion reactions. corrosion reactions liquid metal corrosion liquid metal environment liquid metal systems material selection CONCERN ABOUT CORROSION of solids exposed to liquid metal...
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 11
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 15 January 2021
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v11.a0006786
EISBN: 978-1-62708-295-2
... reviews some commercial alloy systems in which liquid-metal-induced embrittlement or solid-metal-induced embrittlement has been documented and describes some examples of cracking due to these phenomena, either in manufacturing or in service. commercial alloy systems failure analysis liquid-metal...
Series: ASM Handbook Archive
Volume: 11
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 2002
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v11.a0003554
EISBN: 978-1-62708-180-1
... Abstract Metal-induced embrittlement is a phenomenon in which the ductility or fracture stress of a solid metal is reduced by surface contact with another metal in either liquid or solid form. This article summarizes the characteristics of solid metal induced embrittlement (SMIE) and liquid...
Book Chapter

By John Campbell
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 1A
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 31 August 2017
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v01a.a0006303
EISBN: 978-1-62708-179-5
... for all varieties of cast iron and all varieties of molds. It discusses the general conditions for the filling system layout, including the downsprue, sprue/runner junction, and runner. Both gray cast iron and compacted graphite iron exhibit a growth of graphite in direct contact with the liquid metal...
Book Chapter

Book: Casting
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 15
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 December 2008
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v15.a0009017
EISBN: 978-1-62708-187-0
... Abstract A gating system is the conduit network through which liquid metal enters a mold and flows to fill the mold cavity, where the metal can then solidify to form the desired casting shape. This article discusses various desirable design considerations for the gating system. Proper design...
Book Chapter

By Ernest W. Klechka, Jr.
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 13C
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 2006
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v13c.a0004113
EISBN: 978-1-62708-184-9
... the tank is in contact with the soil. This article describes the soil characteristics and addresses cathodic protection (CP) criteria for submerged metallic piping systems. It provides information on the data required for designing a CP system, alone or in conjunction with a protective coating system...
Book Chapter

Book: Casting
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 15
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 December 2008
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v15.a0009016
EISBN: 978-1-62708-187-0
... of feeding systems used in riser design: riser sleeves, topping compounds, and breaker cores. metal contamination riser design feed metal volume riser location liquid feed metal duration riser sleeves topping compounds breaker cores riser size riser necks RISER DESIGN, or risering, deals...
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 1A
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 31 August 2017
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v01a.a0006297
EISBN: 978-1-62708-179-5
... been proven that sand inclusions are uniquely the problem of poor design of the filling system, entraining air bubbles in the liquid metal. The greatest danger of excess water is probably the creation of blow defects, in which steam bubbles are forced into the liquid metal because the steam cannot...
Book Chapter

Series: ASM Desk Editions
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 December 1998
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.mhde2.a0003163
EISBN: 978-1-62708-199-3
... conditions exist, the liquid metal will spontaneously infiltrate into the preform. Key process ingredients for the manufacture of reinforced aluminum composites include the aluminum alloy, a nitrogen atmosphere, and magnesium present in the system. During heating to infiltration temperature (∼750 °C...
Book Chapter

By Richard Martukanitz, Israel Stol
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 2A
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 30 November 2018
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v02a.a0006490
EISBN: 978-1-62708-207-5
... Abstract Although laser stir welding (LSW) is applied to various metallic systems, it is especially appropriate to laser beam welding (LBW) of aluminum, because liquid aluminum possesses significantly less surface tension and viscosity than most common metal alloys, which results in greater...
Book Chapter

By Gary Doll
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 18
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 31 December 2017
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v18.a0006369
EISBN: 978-1-62708-192-4
... methods of lubrication. It provides a discussion on the solid materials that have been most commonly used as lubricants: carbon-base materials, transition metal dichalcogenides, polymers, and soft metals. lubrication mechanical systems liquid lubricants greases carbon-base material transition...
Book Chapter

By Seymour Katz
Book: Casting
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 15
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 December 2008
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v15.a0005189
EISBN: 978-1-62708-187-0
... of thermodynamics and kinetics is time. The less time available for a process, the more likely that kinetics will govern the chemical state of the system. The thermodynamics and kinetics are fundamental in the composition control of liquid metal. Composition control consists of two areas: alloy addition...
Book Chapter

By Thomas S. Piwonka
Series: ASM Desk Editions
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 December 1998
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.mhde2.a0003171
EISBN: 978-1-62708-199-3
... system imperfections metals risering system solidification SOLIDIFICATION is the transformation of liquid to solid. During this process, atoms change their arrangement from randomized short-range order to regular positions on a crystallographic lattice. In doing so, they give up energy...
Book Chapter

By Anthony Griffo, Andrew Bell
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 7
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 30 September 2015
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v07.a0006099
EISBN: 978-1-62708-175-7
... applying external pressure via liquid metal, which penetrates the pore structure of a PM component ( Ref 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 , 5 , 6 , 6 , 7 ). The process is similar to liquid-phase sintering, where a component in the materials system melts and fills pore space. This can lead to particle rearrangement...
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 22B
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 November 2010
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v22b.a0005525
EISBN: 978-1-62708-197-9
... element on the diffusion of another, are not well documented for most liquid metal systems. Fortunately, the assumption to neglect the interdiffusion effect is justified by a scaling analysis ( Ref 13 ) showing that advection dominates species transport on the macroscopic level throughout the process...
Book: Casting
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 15
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 December 2008
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v15.a0005277
EISBN: 978-1-62708-187-0
... that the liquid metal front (the meniscus) should not go too fast. Maximum meniscus velocity is in the range of 0.4 to 0.6 m/s (1.3 to 2.0 ft/s) for most liquid metals. This maximum velocity may be raised in constrained running systems or thin-section castings. This requirement also implies that the liquid metal...
Book Chapter

By Sumanth Shankar
Book: Casting
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 15
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 December 2008
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v15.a0005211
EISBN: 978-1-62708-187-0
... to evolve from the liquid at temperature T E in Fig. 2 , there must be a nucleation event and subsequent growth of the solid phases to form the final solidified eutectic structure. From studies of over 60 binary metallic eutectic systems containing solid solutions α and β ( Ref 1 , 2 , 3 , 4...
Book Chapter

Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 3
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 27 April 2016
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v03.a0006226
EISBN: 978-1-62708-163-4
... the melt. Nucleation-Controlled Peritectic Structures The classical description of peritectic reactions postulates heterogeneous nucleation of β at the α-liquid interface at the peritectic equilibrium temperature, T p . Undercoolings of up to 4% of T p are required for the systems investigated...