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liquid quenchants

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Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 4A
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 August 2013
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v04a.a0005814
EISBN: 978-1-62708-165-8
...-extraction characteristics of a liquid quenchant. It provides information on heat generated microstructural field evolution and information on the analysis and characterization of heat transfer boundary conditions. heat transfer liquid quenching microstructural evolution quenching heat transfer...
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Published: 01 August 2013
Fig. 2 Typical surface and center cooling curves indicating the different heat-transfer mechanisms (stages) from the hot metal to the cooler vaporizable liquid quenchant More
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Published: 01 February 2024
Fig. 11 Typical surface and center cooling curves, indicating the different heat-transfer mechanisms (stages) from the hot metal to the cooler vaporizable liquid quenchant More
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Published: 09 June 2014
Fig. 1 Stages of heat transfer during quenching. Stage A' is a relatively short (about 0.1 s), unimportant stage where bubbles initiate prior to the formation of a vapor blanket around the surface of the hot part in the liquid quenchant. Other stages for cooling conditions at the surface More
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Published: 01 February 2024
Fig. 32 Surface heat-transfer coefficient, α, for spray quenching using plain water as a function of the surface temperature of a steel specimen and the water flow parameter, M (m 3 /(s ⋅ m 2 ). Parameter M represents the ratio of the amount of liquid quenchant, such as water (m 3 /s More
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 4A
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 August 2013
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v04a.a0005789
EISBN: 978-1-62708-165-8
... coefficient initial heat-flux density liquid quenchants oil quenching polymer quenching quenching temperature gradient Laboratory Tests to Evaluate the Cooling Intensity of Liquid Quenchants This section includes discussion on probes for laboratory tests and resultant curves, the scope...
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 4B
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 30 September 2014
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v04b.a0005944
EISBN: 978-1-62708-166-5
... Range of liquid 97.8–881.4 °C (208.04–1618.52 °F) Heat conductivity 80.6 W/m · K Density 898 kg/m 3 Specific heat 1.36 kJ/kg · K Viscosity 0.413 MPa · s Source: Ref 1 Narazaki and Ninomiya ( Ref 1 ) created cooling curves for several liquid quenchants using a cylindrical...
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 4F
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 February 2024
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v4F.a0007011
EISBN: 978-1-62708-450-5
...-based polymer solutions, petroleum-oil-based quenchants, vegetable oils, water mist, and gaseous quenchants, including forced air ( Ref 1 , 4 – 6 ). Because liquid quenchants are the most popular quenching media used with IH, this section focuses on liquid quenching technology, but some specifics...
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 4A
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 August 2013
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v04a.a0005824
EISBN: 978-1-62708-165-8
... Abstract This article provides an overview of common quenching media, the factors involved in the mechanism of quenching, and process variables, namely, surface condition, mass and section size of the workpiece, and flow rate of the quenching liquid. It describes the methods of quenchant...
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 4A
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 August 2013
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v04a.a0005778
EISBN: 978-1-62708-165-8
... composition, and case depth, and presents examples that relate dimensional change to several shapes that vary in complexity. It also provides information on the quenchant removal and salt removal processes, lists the applications of liquid carburizing in cyanide baths, and discusses the process and importance...
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 4C
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 09 June 2014
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v04c.a0005862
EISBN: 978-1-62708-167-2
... A' is a relatively short (about 0.1 s), unimportant stage where bubbles initiate prior to the formation of a vapor blanket around the surface of the hot part in the liquid quenchant. Other stages for cooling conditions at the surface are: Vapor stage (Stage A, or vapor blanket stage), boiling stage (Stage B...
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 22A
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 December 2009
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v22a.a0005436
EISBN: 978-1-62708-196-2
... comes in contact with the liquid quenchant, there are normally three stages of quenching: Vapor stage (stage A or vapor blanket stage) Boiling stage (stage B or nucleate boiling stage) Convection stage (stage C) An example showing the three stages of quenching is shown in Fig. 1...
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 4B
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 30 September 2014
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v04b.a0005932
EISBN: 978-1-62708-166-5
... be specified. It is generally not possible to compare probes of different materials and tested to different methods. When a hot component comes into contact with the liquid quenchant, there normally are three stages of quenching ( Ref 3 ): Vapor (or vapor blanket) stage Boiling (or nucleate...
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 4F
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 February 2024
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v4F.a0007001
EISBN: 978-1-62708-450-5
..., and the highest mechanical properties can be obtained. Thus, different cooling mediums can be used for steel hardening through heat treatment. Cooling Mediums Liquid mediums are commonly used as quenchants, including water, oils, and aqueous solutions (with the addition of polymers and salts). During...
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 2A
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 30 November 2018
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v02a.a0006506
EISBN: 978-1-62708-207-5
... water immersion Boiling water Water spray Polyalkylene glycol solutions Air blast Still air Liquid nitrogen Fast quenching oils Brine solutions Hot or cold water and PAG quenchants are used almost exclusively in the quenching of aluminum alloys, and these quenchants...
Book Chapter

Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 4A
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 August 2013
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v04a.a0005816
EISBN: 978-1-62708-165-8
... by the impingement of a quenchant medium on a hot metal surface. Some of these processes have obvious differences, while others are similar and differ only in degree. Examples include the addition of droplets of water (or other volatile liquids) to a gas quenching stream in fog quenching ( Ref 1 ); quenching...
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 4F
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 February 2024
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v4F.a0006998
EISBN: 978-1-62708-450-5
... of the discussion is on vaporizable liquid quenchants such as water, petroleum oil, and other aqueous media, it is applicable to other cooling media also. Several factors are involved in the mechanism of quenching: Internal conditions of the workpiece that affect the diffusion of heat to the surface...
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 4F
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 February 2024
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v4F.9781627084505
EISBN: 978-1-62708-450-5
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 4E
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 June 2016
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v04e.a0006260
EISBN: 978-1-62708-169-6
... glycol solutions Air blast Still air Liquid nitrogen Fast quenching oils Brine solutions Hot or cold water and PAG quenchants are used almost exclusively in the quenching of aluminum alloys, and these quenchants are discussed in separate sections of this article. Water is the fluid...
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 4A
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 August 2013
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v04a.a0005788
EISBN: 978-1-62708-165-8
... with conventional quenching practice. Chen and Zhou also state that delayed quenching can reduce residual stresses and distortion ( Ref 5 ). Liščić, Grubisic, and Totten have shown that the technique can be used to enhance resistance to both bending fatigue and impact ( Ref 6 ). Among the liquid quenchants...