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liquid front damage

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Book: Casting
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 15
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 December 2008
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v15.a0005277
EISBN: 978-1-62708-187-0
... Abstract This article provides a discussion on ten rules for the effective production of reliable castings. These rules include good-quality melt, liquid front damage, liquid front stop, bubble damage, core blows, shrinkage damage, convection damage, segregation, residual stress, and location...
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 18
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 31 December 2017
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v18.a0006378
EISBN: 978-1-62708-192-4
.... It is possible to conceive that liquid impingement erosion could be accelerated by conjoint chemical action. However, the vast majority of researchers consider the effect of liquid impingement to be the damage caused by purely mechanical interactions. The significance of the discrete impacts...
Series: ASM Desk Editions
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 November 1995
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.emde.a0003058
EISBN: 978-1-62708-200-6
... crack fronts and inclusions, etc. A separate fractography terminology is provided in this article. ceramics crack propagation descriptive fractography failure analysis fractography techniques fractography terminology fracture markings fracture surface markings quantitative fracture surface...
Book Chapter

Series: ASM Desk Editions
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 December 1998
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.mhde2.a0003240
EISBN: 978-1-62708-199-3
... transducer is aimed at the same region of the liquid surface as the object beam, where the wave fronts interfere. The image is reconstructed from the hologram by reflecting a beam of coherent light from the ripple pattern in the isolation tank. Scanning Acoustical Holography The basic system...
Series: ASM Handbook Archive
Volume: 11
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 2002
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v11.a0003569
EISBN: 978-1-62708-180-1
... pressure, the bubbles can collapse suddenly. This collapse can cause surface damage through shock waves and microjets. Shock Waves Surrounding liquid that fills the cavity may have very high speed. When the cavity is reduced to a smaller dimension, pressure in the cavity is so high and the liquid...
Book: Casting
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 15
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 December 2008
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v15.a0005221
EISBN: 978-1-62708-187-0
... eliminated by poor front-end design. Finally, the pressurization effect resulted in very fast delivery of melt into the mold cavity, where the high velocity (once again, much higher than the critical velocity) had the potential to create significant additional damage. Also, damage generated in the mold...
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 1A
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 31 August 2017
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v01a.a0006303
EISBN: 978-1-62708-179-5
... in the filling system, in which the precipitation of carbon on the moving front of the liquid metal forms a strong carbon film known as lustrous carbon. This film is damaging when entrained but valuable when filling nicely, so as to flatten out the film against the wall of the mold. In summary, good filling...
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 7
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 30 September 2015
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v07.a0006137
EISBN: 978-1-62708-175-7
... supplied and stored at sintering facilities as liquids in a highly compressed state. This results in two additional safety concerns. Cryogenic Burns Cryogenic liquids or even cold vapor and gas can cause skin damage like that caused by heat and fire. Care must be taken to prevent unprotected skin...
Series: ASM Desk Editions
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 November 1995
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.emde.a0003020
EISBN: 978-1-62708-200-6
..., like compression molding and thermoplastic stamping, allows the use of molded-in inserts. In the liquid molding process, inserts are normally included as part of the preform, which simplifies loading of the mold and eliminates loose metal pieces that can damage the mold if they are mislocated...
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 22A
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 December 2009
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v22a.a0005420
EISBN: 978-1-62708-196-2
... on hot tearing. Inclusions Inclusions are responsible for many serious surface defects and internal quality problems in cast products. They arise from foreign particles, such as eroded sand particles, and impurities remaining in the liquid metal after upstream refining ( Ref 1 ). Nonmetallic...
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 11A
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 30 August 2021
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v11A.a0006804
EISBN: 978-1-62708-329-4
... pieces can be very significant ( Ref 1 ). Fig. 2 Horizontal vessel that experienced a boiling liquid expanding vapor explosion. Source: Ref 1 Explosion Damage Indicators In failure and incident investigations, component and equipment damage is often used to determine the location...
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 9
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 December 2004
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v09.a0005650
EISBN: 978-1-62708-177-1
..., is a colorless liquid with a rancid odor that is used in electropolishing solutions. It is combustible and may form explosive peroxides. It is toxic in contact with the skin, can be absorbed through the skin, and can cause serious damage to the eyes and irritation to the skin and respiratory tract. Carbitol...
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 11A
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 30 August 2021
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v11A.a0006822
EISBN: 978-1-62708-329-4
... presented. degradation mechanisms failure analysis hydrogen cracking pipeline flaws steel transmission pipelines HAZARDOUS MATERIALS, such as liquid petroleum products and natural gas, are typically transported via truck, rail, sea, and/or pipeline. Of these different transportation modes...
Book Chapter

Book: Casting
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 15
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 December 2008
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v15.a0009017
EISBN: 978-1-62708-187-0
... Abstract A gating system is the conduit network through which liquid metal enters a mold and flows to fill the mold cavity, where the metal can then solidify to form the desired casting shape. This article discusses various desirable design considerations for the gating system. Proper design...
Series: ASM Desk Editions
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 December 1998
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.mhde2.a0003226
EISBN: 978-1-62708-199-3
... by personnel with moderate training. Preparation and Preservation of Fracture Specimens FRACTURE SURFACES are fragile and subject to mechanical and environmental damage that can destroy microstructural features. Consequently, fracture specimens must be carefully handled during all stages of analysis...
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 18
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 31 December 2017
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v18.a0006428
EISBN: 978-1-62708-192-4
... efficiency. Clearly the scale of the machines involved vary with the power generated. Wear related damage occurs through different modes, including fretting, impact, solid particle and liquid droplet erosion and high-speed rub between moving and stationary parts (see divisions Wear by Rolling, Sliding...
Series: ASM Handbook Archive
Volume: 11
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 2002
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v11.a0003571
EISBN: 978-1-62708-180-1
... Abstract Plastics or polymers are used in a variety of engineering and nonengineering applications where they are subjected to surface damage and wear. This article discusses the classification of polymer wear mechanisms based on the methodologies of defining the types of wear. The first...
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 11B
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 15 May 2022
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v11B.a0006936
EISBN: 978-1-62708-395-9
...-transmission technique is also extremely useful for detecting disbonds, core damage, and moisture intrusion in sandwich structures (parts with a honeycomb or foam core surrounded by laminate face sheets). Pulse echo Pulse-echo ultrasonic inspection provides the most information about the material...
Series: ASM Handbook Archive
Volume: 11
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 2002
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v11.a0003524
EISBN: 978-1-62708-180-1
... in a manner that will avoid damage to the surfaces of the crack By gripping the halves of the fracture in pliers or vise grips and bending or pulling them apart Cooling the part with liquid nitrogen often reduces the force and plastic deformation necessary to fracture the part. Fortunately...
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 17
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 August 2018
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v17.a0006470
EISBN: 978-1-62708-190-0
.... For example, ultrasonic waves are almost completely reflected at metal-gas interfaces. Partial reflection occurs at a metal-liquid interface or at an interface between a metal and another solid, with the specific percentage of reflected energy depending mainly on the ratios of certain acoustic properties...