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Book Chapter

By W. Daniel Kay
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 6
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 1993
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v06.a0001390
EISBN: 978-1-62708-173-3
... Abstract Diffusion brazing (DFB) is a process that coalesces, or joins, metals by heating them to a suitable brazing temperature at which either a preplaced filler metal will melt and flow by capillary attraction or a liquid phase will form in situ between one faying surface and another...
Book Chapter

By Mel M. Schwartz
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 6
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 1993
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v06.a0001345
EISBN: 978-1-62708-173-3
... preparation BRAZING is a process for joining solid metals in close proximity by introducing a liquid metal that melts above 450 °C (840 °F). A sound brazed joint generally results when an appropriate filler alloy is selected, the parent metal surfaces are clean and remain clean during heating to the flow...
Book Chapter

By Charles White
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 1A
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 31 August 2017
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v01a.a0006302
EISBN: 978-1-62708-179-5
... Abstract Brazing and soldering are done at temperatures below the solidus temperature of the base material but high enough to melt the filler metal and allow the liquid filler metal to wet the surface and spread into the joint gap by capillary action. This article discusses the common...
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 6
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 1993
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v06.a0001492
EISBN: 978-1-62708-173-3
... on the stress state in the joint during production and during operation. Materials Selection Brazing and soldering are joining processes performed at temperatures below the base material solidus temperature. To fill the joint, the liquid filler metal must spread through the joint gap by capillarity...
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 6
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 1993
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v06.a0001450
EISBN: 978-1-62708-173-3
... of the brazed joint. This consideration is particularly important under transient heating/cooling conditions, such as torch or belt oven brazing, and during automatic solder die bonding, because of the increase in filler-metal grain size and the growth of brittle phases under both liquid and solid-state...
Book Chapter

By Alexander E. Shapiro
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 6
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 1993
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v06.a0009239
EISBN: 978-1-62708-173-3
..., vanadium, tantalum, and niobium diffuse from the base α or near-α titanium alloy into a liquid filler metal during brazing and form both precipitated and intermetallic phases that are distributed in the joint metal and may change its mechanical properties. At the same time, the diffusion zone of base...
Book Chapter

By Daryl D. Peter
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 6
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 1993
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v06.a0001388
EISBN: 978-1-62708-173-3
... carbon steel cast iron dip brazing low-alloy steel molten-salt-bath dip-brazing safety precautions stainless steel DIP BRAZING (DB) is one of the oldest brazing processes. The materials to be joined are immersed in a hot liquid, which is either a molten flux or a molten filler metal...
Book Chapter

By Brett A. Miller, Daniel P. Dennies
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 11A
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 30 August 2021
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v11A.a0006828
EISBN: 978-1-62708-329-4
... (3000 °F). Before these developments (circa 1950), the upper limit of the brazing process did not exceed 1150 °C (2100 °F). Some examples of problems to consider in filler-metal selection are the liquid metal induced embrittlement tendency of titanium alloys and nickel-base alloys brazed with silver...
Book Chapter

By D.P. Sekulic
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 2A
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 30 November 2018
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v02a.a0006529
EISBN: 978-1-62708-207-5
..., sheet and tubular form, beverage cans, heat exchangers Readily joined with all procedures, welding, brazing, soldering 4xxx Al-Si 4343 4043 4032 Good flow ability in liquid/solid state, ultimate tensile strength between 175 and 380 MPa Dual uses, primarily for filler metal, some alloys...
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 6
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 1993
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v06.a0001453
EISBN: 978-1-62708-173-3
... to 1500 °F), brazing at or above these temperatures may alter the alloy properties. This frequently occurs when using silver-copper filler metals, which occasionally are used on heat-resistant alloys. Liquid metal embrittlement is another difficulty encountered in brazing of precipitation-hardening...
Book Chapter

By Ann Severin
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 6
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 1993
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v06.a0001451
EISBN: 978-1-62708-173-3
..., and dissimilar metals. It describes the factors considered in the selection of filler-metal for cast iron and carbon steel brazing, such as temperature and environment, brazed joint design, heat source, and heat-treatment requirements. The article also discusses the basic considerations in cleaning and fixturing...
Book Chapter

Series: ASM Desk Editions
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 November 1995
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.emde.a0003056
EISBN: 978-1-62708-200-6
.... Ceramic-to-Metal Seals Ceramic-to-metal seals can be obtained using a variety of joining methods. The most popular methods of obtaining seals between oxide ceramics and metals are the moly-manganese and active brazing processes. These processes involve liquid phase joining via some type of metal...
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 6
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 1993
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v06.a0001457
EISBN: 978-1-62708-173-3
... is to be attached to the same material, a similar material, or a metal. Such an understanding will facilitate the selection of a brazing filler material, the selection and use of a transition material in ceramic-to-metal joints, and the selection of a thermal cycle that is compatible with the heat-treatment...
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 6
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 1993
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v06.a0001454
EISBN: 978-1-62708-173-3
... Abstract Copper, copper alloys, and precious metals are probably the most easily brazed metals because of their resistance to oxidation at high temperatures. This article provides a brief discussion on the metallurgy of copper, copper alloys, and precious metals and discusses the filler metals...
Book Chapter

Series: ASM Desk Editions
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 December 1998
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.mhde2.a0003210
EISBN: 978-1-62708-199-3
... material in terms of structure, composition, and properties. The second group of brazing filler metals, which are characterized by a phase diagram that includes a peritectic reaction (for copper-tin alloys) or a minimum in the liquids curve (for gold-nickel alloys), are used primarily in vacuum-brazing...
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 6
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 1993
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v06.a0001478
EISBN: 978-1-62708-173-3
... while the filler metal is in the liquid or partially solid state. This imperfection lowers the strength of the joint by reducing the load-carrying area, and it can provide a path for leakage. Entrapped Flux Entrapped flux can be found in any brazing operation in which a flux is added to prevent...
Book Chapter

By Manish Dighe
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 13B
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 2005
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v13b.a0003831
EISBN: 978-1-62708-183-2
...) are not recommended for the joining of stainless steels, because brittle compounds tend to form at the interface between the braze and the base metal. The combination of copper-base brazing filler metals and stainless-steel-base metals is particularly susceptible to liquid metal embrittlement, especially...
Book Chapter

By Matthew J. Lucas, Jr.
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 6
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 1993
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v06.a0001452
EISBN: 978-1-62708-173-3
... stainless steels that contain little or no nickel are susceptible to interface corrosion in plain water or moist atmospheres, when they are brazed with nickel-free silver brazing filler metals, using a liquid or paste flux. Filler metal that contains nickel helps to prevent interface corrosion. However...
Book Chapter

By Roy I. Batista
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 6
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 1993
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v06.a0001456
EISBN: 978-1-62708-173-3
... Abstract This article provides a discussion on filler metal selection, brazing procedures, and brazing equipment for brazing refractory metals. These include molybdenum, tungsten, niobium, and tantalum, and reactive metals. Commercially pure and alpha titanium alloys, alpha-beta alloys...
Book Chapter

By E.B. Gempler
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 6
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 1993
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v06.a0001455
EISBN: 978-1-62708-173-3
... over the joint and filler metal to shield them from oxidizing gases Penetrate oxide films Lower the surface tension to encourage wetting Remain liquid until the filler metal has melted Be relatively easy to remove after brazing is complete Fluxes for dip brazing are less active than...