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David Arencón Osuna, Marcelo de Sousa Pais Antunes, Vera Cristina de Redondo Realinho, José Ignacio Velasco
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linear elastic fracture mechanics
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linear elastic fracture mechanics
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Book Chapter
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 8
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 2000
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v08.a0003305
EISBN: 978-1-62708-176-4
... of operating stresses. It describes the mechanisms, testing methods, and effecting parameters of two main categories of fracture mechanics: linear-elastic fracture mechanics and elastic-plastic fracture mechanics. The article concludes with a discussion on the three major progressive stages of fatigue: crack...
Abstract
The fracture-mechanics technology has significantly improved the ability to design safe and reliable structures and identify and quantify the primary parameters that affect structural integrity of materials. This article provides a discussion on fracture toughness of notched materials by explaining the ductile-to-brittle fracture transition and by correlating KId, KIc, and Charpy V-notch impact energy absorptions. It highlights the effects of constraint, temperature, and loading rate on the fracture transition. The article discusses the applications of fracture mechanism in limiting of operating stresses. It describes the mechanisms, testing methods, and effecting parameters of two main categories of fracture mechanics: linear-elastic fracture mechanics and elastic-plastic fracture mechanics. The article concludes with a discussion on the three major progressive stages of fatigue: crack initiation, crack growth, and fracture on the final cycle.
Book Chapter
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 11B
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 15 May 2022
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v11B.a0006910
EISBN: 978-1-62708-395-9
... 28660 CTOD (also considered in E1820) SENB and CT Post-yield (plane stress) Low (< 1 m/s) … ISO/CD 23524.2 … SENB, SENT and DENT LEFM, linear elastic fracture mechanics; DKC, dynamic key curve; CTOD, crack-tip opening displacement; SENB, single-edged notched bending; CT, compact...
Abstract
There are many different types of polymeric materials, ranging from glassy to semicrystalline polymers and even blends. Their mechanical properties range from pure elastic with very high strains to fracture (elastomers) to almost pure linear elastic (Hookian behavior) with low strains to fracture (glassy polymers). This article provides an overview of historical development of fracture behavior in polymers. It discusses the processes involved in three fracture test methods for polymers, namely linear elastic fracture mechanics, elastic-plastic fracture mechanics, and post-yield fracture mechanics.
Book: Fatigue and Fracture
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 19
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 1996
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v19.a0002383
EISBN: 978-1-62708-193-1
... Abstract This article discusses the conditions for collapse in center-cracked panels and describes the energy criterion for fracture. Measurement of toughness of any material by means of tensile and crack test is discussed. The procedures to be followed for linear elastic fracture mechanics...
Abstract
This article discusses the conditions for collapse in center-cracked panels and describes the energy criterion for fracture. Measurement of toughness of any material by means of tensile and crack test is discussed. The procedures to be followed for linear elastic fracture mechanics cases are reviewed, along with elastic-plastic fracture mechanics and plastic fracture mechanics procedures with the aid of residual strength diagram. The article also explains the geometry factors needed to determine the toughness of materials.
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 8
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 2000
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v08.a0003311
EISBN: 978-1-62708-176-4
... Abstract This article introduces the concepts of linear-elastic fracture mechanics (LEFM) and elastic-plastic fracture mechanics (EPFM). It reviews the fracture mechanics of ceramics and ceramic matrix composites (CMCs). The article describes some fracture toughness measurement techniques used...
Abstract
This article introduces the concepts of linear-elastic fracture mechanics (LEFM) and elastic-plastic fracture mechanics (EPFM). It reviews the fracture mechanics of ceramics and ceramic matrix composites (CMCs). The article describes some fracture toughness measurement techniques used on ceramics and CMCs: single edge notch bending, compact tension, double cantilever beam testing, chevron notch methods, and double torsion. It presents descriptions organized by their specimen types, and includes the advantages and disadvantages, as well as the experimental control schemes employed for each specimen type.
Series: ASM Handbook Archive
Volume: 11
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 2002
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v11.a0003530
EISBN: 978-1-62708-180-1
... of fracture mechanics. The fracture mechanics approach is an important part of stress analysis at the tips of sharp cracks or discontinuities. The article reviews fracture mechanics concepts, including linear elastic fracture mechanics, elastic-plastic fracture mechanics, and subcritical fracture mechanics...
Abstract
This article describes the underlying fundamentals, applications, the relevance and necessity of performing proper stress analysis in conducting a failure analysis. It presents an introduction to the stress analysis of bodies containing crack-like imperfections and the topic of fracture mechanics. The fracture mechanics approach is an important part of stress analysis at the tips of sharp cracks or discontinuities. The article reviews fracture mechanics concepts, including linear elastic fracture mechanics, elastic-plastic fracture mechanics, and subcritical fracture mechanics. It also provides information on the applications of fracture mechanics in failure analysis.
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 2B
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 15 June 2019
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v02b.a0006457
EISBN: 978-1-62708-210-5
... Abstract This article discusses the concepts underlying linear elastic fracture mechanics and elastic-plastic fracture mechanics as well as their importance in characterizing the fracture behavior of the high-strength aluminum alloys. It describes the three methods used for analyzing elastic...
Abstract
This article discusses the concepts underlying linear elastic fracture mechanics and elastic-plastic fracture mechanics as well as their importance in characterizing the fracture behavior of the high-strength aluminum alloys. It describes the three methods used for analyzing elastic-plastic fracture, namely R-curve concept, J-integral concept, and crack tip opening displacement method. The article considers the primary measures used to assess the toughness of aluminum alloy castings and wrought alloys: notch toughness, tear resistance, and plane-strain fracture toughness.
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 11
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 15 January 2021
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v11.a0006767
EISBN: 978-1-62708-295-2
... mechanics analysis linear elastic fracture mechanics analysis stress analysis equations stress analysis THE STRESSES acting on a component may cause unacceptable deformation, cracking, or fracture. By definition, after a stress-related failure has occurred, it is a given that the stresses reached...
Abstract
This article describes concepts and tools that can be used by the failure analyst to understand and address deformation, cracking, or fracture after a stress-related failure has occurred. Issues related to the determination and use of stress are detailed. Stress is defined, and a procedure to deal with stress by determining maximum values through stress transformation is described. The article provides the stress analysis equations of typical component geometries and discusses some of the implications of the stress analysis relative to failure in components. It focuses on linear elastic fracture mechanics analysis, with some mention of elastic-plastic fracture mechanics analysis. The article describes the probabilistic aspects of fatigue and fracture. Information on crack-growth simulation of the material is also provided.
Book: Fatigue and Fracture
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 19
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 1996
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v19.a0002386
EISBN: 978-1-62708-193-1
.... It summarizes the linear elastic fracture mechanics (LEFM) concepts for explaining the application of LEFM in damage tolerance analysis. The article exemplifies operating stress maps in a variety of applications. corrosion fatigue damage tolerance analysis fatigue crack growth linear elastic fracture...
Abstract
This article describes the basis of operating stress maps based on failure assessment diagrams, which are used to assess potential fracture in the whole range of conditions from brittle to fully plastic behavior. It discusses the factors influencing the process of constructing an operating stress map based on the principles used in constructing a residual strength diagram. These include plane strain fracture toughness, net section yield, and empiricism. The article details the fatigue crack growth behavior based on stress-corrosion cracking rates and corrosion fatigue factor. It summarizes the linear elastic fracture mechanics (LEFM) concepts for explaining the application of LEFM in damage tolerance analysis. The article exemplifies operating stress maps in a variety of applications.
Book: Fatigue and Fracture
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 19
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 1996
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v19.a0002416
EISBN: 978-1-62708-193-1
... strength and tensile strength. The article reviews low velocity impacts in aircraft structures in terms of resin toughness, laminate thickness, specimen size and impactor mass, and post-impact fatigue. It explains the tension strength analysis, such as linear elastic fracture mechanics and R-curve methods...
Abstract
This article presents the damage tolerance criteria for military composite aircraft structures to safely operate the structures with initial defects or in-service damage. It describes the effects of defects, such as wrinkles in aircraft structures, and the reduction in compressive strength and tensile strength. The article reviews low velocity impacts in aircraft structures in terms of resin toughness, laminate thickness, specimen size and impactor mass, and post-impact fatigue. It explains the tension strength analysis, such as linear elastic fracture mechanics and R-curve methods, to predict the residual strength of the structures.
Image
Published: 01 January 1996
Fig. 10 Failure assessment diagram based on the stress intensity ratio ( K r = K / K c ) and stress ratio ( S r = σ/σ fc ) where σ fc is the plastic collapse stress. General regions are shown for linear elastic fracture mechanics (LEFM) and elastic plastic fracture mechanics (EPFM).
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Image
in Failure Analysis and Life Assessment of Structural Components and Equipment
> Failure Analysis and Prevention
Published: 01 January 2002
Fig. 3 A general plot of the ratios of the toughness and stress showing the relationship between linear elastic fracture mechanics and strength of materials as it relates to fracture and structural integrity ( Ref 18 )
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Image
in Failure Prevention through Life Assessment of Structural Components and Equipment
> Analysis and Prevention of Component and Equipment Failures
Published: 30 August 2021
Fig. 3 General plot of the ratios of toughness and stress showing the relationship between linear elastic fracture mechanics and strength of materials as it relates to fracture and structural integrity. K , stress-intensity factor; K Ic , plane-strain fracture toughness; S , factor
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Image
in Microstructure-Sensitive Modeling and Simulation of Fatigue
> Fundamentals of Modeling for Metals Processing
Published: 01 December 2009
Fig. 6 Characteristic variability of fatigue crack growth rate for microstructurally small cracks (MSC) in a population of specimens when plotted in terms of linear elastic fracture mechanical driving force.
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Image
in Microstructure-Sensitive Modeling and Simulation of Fatigue
> Fundamentals of Modeling for Metals Processing
Published: 01 December 2009
Fig. 8 Hierarchical thresholds for propagating cracks in a plot of completely reversed applied stress amplitude versus maximum inclusion size (thresholds for nucleation not shown). MSC, microstructurally small crack; PSC, physically small crack; LEFM, linear elastic fracture mechanics
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Image
in Mechanisms and Appearances of Ductile and Brittle Fracture in Metals
> Failure Analysis and Prevention
Published: 15 January 2021
Fig. 66 When there is insufficient height or width of a component containing a crack, the K field created by the cracklike defect is altered by the free surfaces of the component (and, in this case, linear elastic fracture mechanics is not valid). The figure shows the effect of inadequate
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Image
in Mechanisms and Appearances of Ductile and Brittle Fracture in Metals
> Failure Analysis and Prevention
Published: 01 January 2002
Fig. 66 When there is insufficient height or width of a component containing a crack, the K field created by the cracklike defect is altered by the free surfaces of the component. (And, in this case, linear elastic fracture mechanics is not valid.) The figure shows the effect of inadequate
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Image
Published: 01 January 2003
Fig. 61 Concept for combining SCC thresholds obtained on smooth and linear elastic fracture mechanics specimens to yield a conservative assessment of materials. (1) Minimum stress at which small tensile specimens fail by SCC when stressed in environment of interest. (2) Minimum stress
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Image
in Microstructure-Sensitive Modeling and Simulation of Fatigue
> Fundamentals of Modeling for Metals Processing
Published: 01 December 2009
-phase size/spacing that affects retardation of the crack driving force; see inset figure at lower right. Source: Ref 7 ), physically small crack (PSC) growth, and long crack (LC) growth. In the PSC regime, the crack is suitably long to be treated using conventional linear elastic fracture mechanics
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Book Chapter
Book: Fatigue and Fracture
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 19
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 1996
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v19.a0005723
EISBN: 978-1-62708-193-1
... to maximum load, Tmax maximum temperature in a cycle LEFM linear elastic fracture mechanics R = crmin /crmax, or R = (1-A)l(l +A) rcp cyclic plastic zone radius Tmin minimum temperature in a cycle M bending moment M(T) center-cracked tension specimen rP rotation factor in CTOD test, plastic TEM transmission...
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 19
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 1996
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v19.9781627081931
EISBN: 978-1-62708-193-1
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