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Image
Published: 01 January 2006
Fig. 7 Intergranular high-pH stress-corrosion crack in line pipe steel. Nital etchant. Original magnification: 400× More
Image
Published: 01 January 1996
Fig. 4 Crack growth in X-65 line pipe steel in 3.5% salt water at −1.04 V (saturated calomel electrode) and at four frequencies. Source: Ref 3 More
Image
Published: 15 December 2019
Fig. 28 (a) API X-70 line pipe (75 mm, or 2.875 in., diameter) coated with three layers of polymers for salt water corrosion protection; (b) line pipe steel on left side and polymer layers (Nos. 1, 2, and 3) on right side etched using Klemm’s I reagent and viewed using polarized light More
Image
Published: 01 January 1996
Fig. 65 Effect of cyclic frequency on corrosion fatigue. (a) High-strength steel 4340 M exposed to water and vacuum. Source: Ref 89 . (b) X-65 line pipe steel exposed to air and salt water with a superimposed cathodic potential. Source: Ref 90 More
Image
Published: 01 June 2024
Fig. 11 Focused ion beam lift-out transmission electron microscope (TEM) specimen and TEM investigation of stress-corrosion crack tip in an X52 line pipe steel. (a) Scanning electron microscope image of an active crack tip. (b) Plan-view TEM lift-out TEM sample from the same crack tip. (c, d More
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 13C
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 2006
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v13c.a0004213
EISBN: 978-1-62708-184-9
... pipe steels Table 2 Chemical and tensile requirements of common long seam welded line pipe steels Grade Composition, wt% max Yield strength minimum Ultimate tensile strength minimum C Mn P S MPa ksi MPa ksi A 0.22 0.9 0.03 0.03 207 30 331 48 B 0.26 1.2 0.03...
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 20
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 1997
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v20.a0002458
EISBN: 978-1-62708-194-8
... analysis in materials selection and materials development/refinement. chipper knives failure analysis line pipe steels materials selection oxygen furnace precipitator wires MATERIALS SELECTION for parts or components usually occurs under two conditions. The first is when a new part...
Image
Published: 01 June 2024
Fig. 16 Crack in ASTM A216 grade WCB carbon steel elbow from a piping line. The elbow failed due to a longitudinal crack from a fatigue fracture mechanism after decades in service. The fracture initiated along the inner surface, with additional small secondary fatigue cracks along the outer More
Image
Published: 01 December 2008
Fig. 6 Concept of centrifugal process for production of ceramic-lined steel pipes. Source: Ref 6 More
Book Chapter

By J. Alan Kehr
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 5B
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 30 September 2015
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v05b.a0006007
EISBN: 978-1-62708-172-6
... Abstract Functional fusion-bonded epoxy (FBE) coatings are used as external pipe coatings, base layer for three-layer pipe-coating systems, internal pipe linings, and corrosion coatings for concrete reinforcing steel (rebar). This article provides information on the chemistries of FBE...
Book Chapter

By R.J. Eiber, J.F. Kiefner
Series: ASM Handbook Archive
Volume: 11
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 2002
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v11.a0001820
EISBN: 978-1-62708-180-1
... (1000 psi) and are made of steel pipes welded or mechanically coupled together. Since the 1940s, all of the lines have been assembled by welding. The third type of pipeline is a gas-distribution line that mainly transports natural gas within cities at pressures that vary from several tens of pounds per...
Book Chapter

Series: ASM Desk Editions
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 December 1998
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.mhde2.a0003096
EISBN: 978-1-62708-199-3
... Abstract This article discusses the classifications, specifications, applications and methods for producing welded and seamless steel tubular products, including pipes and tubes. Common types of pipes include standard pipe, conduit pipe, piling pipe, pipe for nipples, transmission or line pipe...
Book Chapter

By Dennis Smyth, R.G. Lessard, Frank Minden
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 1
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 1990
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v01.a0001020
EISBN: 978-1-62708-161-0
... for fabricated structural steel and pipe 5CT Specification for casing and tubing 5D Specification for drill pipe 5L Specification for line pipe CSA standard CAN3-Z245.1-M86 Steel line pipe (a) This ASTM specification is also published by ASME, which adds an “S” in front...
Book Chapter

By P.F. Timmins
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 19
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 1996
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v19.a0002387
EISBN: 978-1-62708-193-1
...: Power Plant Diagnostics Go On-Line, Mechanical Engineering , Dec 1989 This article focuses on the subject of proactive or predictive maintenance, with particular emphasis on the control and prediction of corrosion damage for life extension and failure prevention. Corrosion is a prime source...
Book Chapter

By A. Hudgins, C. Roepke, B. James, B. Kondori, B. Whitley
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 11A
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 30 August 2021
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v11A.a0006822
EISBN: 978-1-62708-329-4
... along the rupture site is shown in Fig. 1 . Fig. 1 Rupture site of a natural gas transmission line with multiple scattered steel pipe fragments (several outside the image) Interpretation of fracture-surface planes and features often allows the failure analyst to locate the rupture origin...
Book Chapter

By M.K. Adler Flitton, E. Escalante
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 13A
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 2003
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v13a.a0003651
EISBN: 978-1-62708-182-5
... 19. Vrable J.B. , “Stress Corrosion Behavior of Line-Pipe Steels in Underground Environments,” Project 59.001-001(2), United States Steel Corporation , July 1970 Selected References Selected References • Adler Flitton M.K. , Mizia R.E. , and Bishop C.W...
Book Chapter

Series: ASM Handbook Archive
Volume: 11
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 2002
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v11.a0003552
EISBN: 978-1-62708-180-1
... of cyanides, hydrogen sulfide, and water enhances hydrogen absorption into steel. Hydrogen-induced blistering also occurs on steel plates used as cathodes in industrial electrolysis. Line pipe transmitting wet sour gas can develop hydrogen-induced cracking in the pipe wall. When line-pipe steel is exposed...
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 11
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 15 January 2021
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v11.a0006784
EISBN: 978-1-62708-295-2
... cyanides. The presence of cyanides, hydrogen sulfide, and water enhances hydrogen absorption into steel. Hydrogen-induced blistering also occurs on steel plates used as cathodes in industrial electrolysis. Line pipe transmitting wet sour gas can develop hydrogen-induced cracking in the pipe wall. When...
Image
Published: 01 January 2005
. An end-on view of the pipe (not shown) showed a waterline effect delineating the level of the diluted acid during shutdown to be approximately one-fourth the height of the pipe. Control: The acid line should have been properly drained by designing with a sloped pipe or by purging the system with inert More
Image
Published: 01 January 1987
Fig. 633 Failure of AISI type 304 product gas line due to polythionic acid stress-corrosion cracking (SCC). The 205-mm (8-in.) diam Schedule 140 pipe was used in a coal-gasification pilot plant to transport product gas from the gasifier at a temperature of 430 °C (800 °F). The gas line failed More