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Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 18
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 31 December 2017
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v18.a0006421
EISBN: 978-1-62708-192-4
... tribological performance of structural materials in lubricated and nonlubricated environments. It discusses the fundamentals of various laser materials interactions and reviews laser-based surface-modification strategies, including laser surface heating and melting, laser-synthesized coatings, and laser-based...
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 4A
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 August 2013
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v04a.a0005808
EISBN: 978-1-62708-165-8
... heat treatment, laser surface melting such as skin melting or glazing, laser direct metal deposition such as cladding, alloying, and hardfacing, laser physical vapor deposition, and laser shock peening. The article provides detailed information on absorptivity, laser scanning technology...
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Published: 01 January 1994
Fig. 8 Cross sections of laser heat-treated surfaces in cast irons. (a) Gray iron. (b) Ductile iron. Source: Ref 13 More
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Published: 31 December 2017
Fig. 45 Temperature as a function of time for various laser processing conditions as predicted by thermal modeling during laser surface heat treatment of a metallic glass. Source: Ref 22 More
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 4A
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 August 2013
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v04a.a0005771
EISBN: 978-1-62708-165-8
.... For details, see the article “Induction Surface Hardening of Steels” in this Volume. Laser Surface Heat Treatment Laser surface heat treatment is widely used to harden localized areas of steel and cast iron machine components. This process is sometimes referred to as laser transformation hardening...
Book Chapter

By Alan Male
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 14B
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 2006
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v14b.a0005130
EISBN: 978-1-62708-186-3
... construction. As its name implies, a gas flame was used as the means of heating. More recently, interest has been revived in such processing because of the development of laser technology for heating. Until recently, industrial application of thermal forming techniques using gas flames has been based...
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 24A
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 30 June 2023
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v24A.a0006985
EISBN: 978-1-62708-439-0
... intended for safety-critical structural applications (i.e., applications where part failure causes system failure and injury to users). Process-induced defects, surface roughness, microstructure, residual stress, and postprocessing procedures such as heat treatments and surface finishing can all affect...
Book Chapter

By M.I. Khan, Y. Zhou
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 23
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 June 2012
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v23.a0005680
EISBN: 978-1-62708-198-6
... in surface roughness and irregularity, which can lead to an increase in constriction resistance. MRSW Parameters During MRSW, joining of workpieces occurs when sufficient heat is generated for diffusion (solid-state bonding) or melting (fusion), while accounting for heat lost due to atmospheric...
Book Chapter

By Riccardo Vanzetti
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 6
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 1993
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v06.a0001398
EISBN: 978-1-62708-173-3
... of the intelligent laser soldering. The key attributes of the intelligent laser soldering include repeatability, speed, quality, safety, cost, and flexibility. blind laser soldering intelligent laser soldering laser soldering INDUSTRIAL LASERS are able to deliver large amounts of heat with great...
Book Chapter

By Dana Elza, Gene White
Book: Machining
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 16
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 1989
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v16.a0002168
EISBN: 978-1-62708-188-7
...: heat treating, cladding, surfacing, glazing, and marking. carbon dioxide lasers cladding glazing heat treating laser beam machining laser cutting monochromatic light neodymium-doped yttrium aluminum garnet lasers neodymium-glass lasers percussion drilling surface treatment surfacing...
Book Chapter

Series: ASM Desk Editions
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 December 1998
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.mhde2.a0003200
EISBN: 978-1-62708-199-3
... Abstract This article discusses the fundamentals and applications of localized heat treating methods: induction hardening and tempering, laser surface transformation hardening, and electron-beam heat treatment. The article provides information about equipment and describes the selection...
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 6A
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 31 October 2011
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v06a.a0005603
EISBN: 978-1-62708-174-0
... for laser beams representing three different transverse electromagnetic modes (TEM), with the horizontal axis showing increasing distance from the center of the heat source to the surface Fig. 10 Measured energy distributions for ytterbium-fiber lasers having (a) top-hat and (b) Gaussian energy...
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 6
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 1993
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v06.a0001481
EISBN: 978-1-62708-173-3
... of strength Q on the surface. The applicability of point sources to characterize energy input for laser-beam welding processes will be explored later in this article. Equation 1 describes the heat-input distribution from a stationary arc. Only the magnitude of the heat input, the distribution...
Book Chapter

By Muneharu Kutsuna
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 6A
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 31 October 2011
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v06a.a0005620
EISBN: 978-1-62708-174-0
... is a hybrid process based on a thin-melting interface for a lap joint of dissimilar-metal sheets using a roller and one-sided laser heating. The article discusses the types, advantages, and applications of roll welding and laser roll welding. It also provides a detailed discussion on the laser roll welding...
Book Chapter

By Erik Miller, Shuang Liu
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 2A
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 30 November 2018
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v02a.a0006502
EISBN: 978-1-62708-207-5
... density greater than 10 6 W/cm 2 (6 × 10 6 W/in. 2 ) is a primary factor for its potential in welding. Table 2 compares the energy consumptions and efficiencies of LBW with other major welding processes. Laser welding of aluminum is difficult due to its high reflectivity, thermal conductivity (heat...
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 2A
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 30 November 2018
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v02a.a0006532
EISBN: 978-1-62708-207-5
... r 0 ) n ] where r 0 is the radius of the laser beam. The heat from the laser flux can be dissipated from the surface by convection and radiation. Thus, the total heat loss equation can be given as ( Ref 23 ): (Eq 11) − κ [ ∂ T ∂ x + ∂ T ∂ y...
Book Chapter

By Gerald A. Knorovsky
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 6A
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 31 October 2011
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v06a.a0005639
EISBN: 978-1-62708-174-0
... the surface heating is still quite appreciable. X-rays, backscattered electrons, and secondary electrons that are also produced reduce the net energy input (especially for higher-atomic-number elements), but the energy-transfer efficiency for the electron beam is considerably higher than for a laser beam...
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 23A
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 12 September 2022
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v23A.a0006885
EISBN: 978-1-62708-392-8
...). Moreover, the thermophysical effects, including capillary and thermocapillary forces, result in the creation of localized oscillations on the surface of the melt pool ( Ref 60 ). This rapid melting is followed by severe quenching due to fast heat extraction from the laser-surface-melted layer via...
Book Chapter

By J.O. Milewski, T. Palmer
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 6A
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 31 October 2011
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v06a.a0005632
EISBN: 978-1-62708-174-0
... method laser cladding laser deposition near-net shape processing powder bed method LASER BEAMS provide a well-controlled heat source, both in terms of the power delivered and the spatial precision of the directed energy. The interaction of the laser beam with the material being processed...
Book Chapter

By Charles Caristan
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 6A
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 31 October 2011
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v06a.a0005618
EISBN: 978-1-62708-174-0
...-peening processes of which emphasis is placed on thermal laser cutting. It details the principal set-up parameters, such as the laser beam output, nozzle design, focusing optic position and characteristics, assist gases, surface conditions, and cutting speed. A discussion on the types of gas, supply...