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laser cutting
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Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 6A
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 31 October 2011
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v06a.a0005618
EISBN: 978-1-62708-174-0
... Abstract Laser has found its applications in cutting, drilling, and shock-peening operations of manufacturing industry because of its accurate, safe, and rapid cutting property. This article provides an account on the fundamental principles of laser cutting (thermal), drilling, and shock...
Abstract
Laser has found its applications in cutting, drilling, and shock-peening operations of manufacturing industry because of its accurate, safe, and rapid cutting property. This article provides an account on the fundamental principles of laser cutting (thermal), drilling, and shock-peening processes of which emphasis is placed on thermal laser cutting. It details the principal set-up parameters, such as the laser beam output, nozzle design, focusing optic position and characteristics, assist gases, surface conditions, and cutting speed. A discussion on the types of gas, supply system, purity level, and flow rates of lasing and assist gases is also provided. The article also describes the metallurgies and other key material considerations that impact laser-cutting performances and includes examples of laser cutting of nonmetal materials.
Book Chapter
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 14B
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 2006
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v14b.a0005106
EISBN: 978-1-62708-186-3
... Abstract Cutting with lasers is accomplished with carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) and neodymium: yttrium-aluminum-garnet (Nd:YAG) lasers. This article provides a description of the process variables and principles of laser cutting. It discusses the three basic types of CO 2 gas lasers, namely, slow...
Abstract
Cutting with lasers is accomplished with carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) and neodymium: yttrium-aluminum-garnet (Nd:YAG) lasers. This article provides a description of the process variables and principles of laser cutting. It discusses the three basic types of CO 2 gas lasers, namely, slow axial flow, transverse flow, and fast axial flow and reviews the applications of Nd:YAG laser. The article describes the basic parameters in the laser-cutting process: beam quality, power, travel speed, nozzles design, and focal-point position. Several material conditions that affect the quality of the laser cut are also discussed. The article provides information on the basic laser-cutting system and its optional equipment. A general description of how well each metal group can be cut is also provided.
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Published: 31 October 2011
Fig. 15 Oxygen-assisted laser cutting showing the influence of cutting speed on cut quality. Courtesy of Air Liquide-CTAS Cutting and Welding R&D Laboratory
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Published: 31 October 2011
Fig. 1 Principle of laser-cutting thermal process. The laser beam is highly focused so as to input more heat per square inch than the workpiece can dissipate away by conduction, convection, or radiative heat transfer. The accumulation of heat causes the workpiece temperature to elevate
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Published: 31 October 2011
Fig. 9 Comparative scale between CO 2 laser and 1 μm laser-cutting systems. (a) Comparing 3 kW disk laser cutting with the 100% baseline of a 5 kW CO 2 laser for N 2 -assisted fusion cutting of stainless steel. The disk laser yields superior speed performance up to approximately 4 mm (0.160
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in Machining, Drilling, and Cutting of Polymer-Matrix Composites
> Engineered Materials Handbook Desk Edition
Published: 01 November 1995
Fig. 13 Variation of laser cutting parameters with focal length. S , spot size. F , depth of field
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in Machining, Drilling, and Cutting of Polymer-Matrix Composites
> Engineered Materials Handbook Desk Edition
Published: 01 November 1995
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in Machining, Drilling, and Cutting of Polymer-Matrix Composites
> Engineered Materials Handbook Desk Edition
Published: 01 November 1995
Fig. 16 Gas-assisted laser cutting of holes in 19 mm (0.75 in.) thick birch plywood with fixed cutting head, using trepanning technique. The nozzle, which appears to be touching the workpiece, is actually 1 mm (0.04 in.) above it.
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Published: 31 October 2011
Fig. 2 Key process parameters for laser cutting. Inputs are categorized under the “6M” categories of Man, Machine, Method, Material, Measurement, and Mother Nature; outputs impact the environment, safety, quality, productivity, and profitability. See Ref 1 for a detailed discussion
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Published: 31 October 2011
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Published: 31 October 2011
Fig. 13 Influence of oxygen assist gas purity on laser-cutting speed for CO 2 laser and fiber laser cutting of mild steel. Source: Air Liquide-CTAS Cutting and Welding R&D Laboratory
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Published: 31 October 2011
Fig. 16 Influence of gas pressure set-up on laser-cutting performance. (a) O 2 assist gas with mild steel. (b) N 2 assist gas with stainless steel. Courtesy of Air Liquide-CTAS Cutting and Welding R&D Laboratory
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Published: 31 October 2011
Fig. 19 (a) Features of edge quality for laser cutting. The striations observed on the cut-edge surface are indicative of a cut front line with three zones: a smoother cut area at the top, a rougher break area at the bottom, and a hanging dross area. For a high-quality cut, the break
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Published: 31 October 2011
Fig. 21 (a) High-volume, three-dimensional (3-D) production CO 2 laser cutting of automobile steel components. Courtesy of Trumpf Inc. (b) Cutting of copper tubes with fiber laser. Courtesy of BLM Group. (c) B-pillar component illustrating guidelines for reducing speed and consequently
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Published: 30 November 2018
Fig. 16 Effect of laser cutting speed on kerf width size and its comparison with mathematically predicted values. Adapted from Ref 45
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Published: 01 January 1989
Fig. 6 Laser-cut 13 mm (0.50 in.) holes cut through 1 mm (0.04 in.) thick aluminum-boron. Recast aluminum forms a burr on the exit (top) side of the cut.
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Published: 01 January 1989
Fig. 5 Laser-cut 3.2 mm (0.13 in.) titanium-SiC composite in which the titanium matrix material has flowed away from the SiC fibers and formed a recast layer at the exit (top) side of the cut
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Published: 01 January 2006
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in Machining, Drilling, and Cutting of Polymer-Matrix Composites
> Engineered Materials Handbook Desk Edition
Published: 01 November 1995
Fig. 15 Laser-cut 19 mm (0.75 in.) thick birch plywood showing internal kerf enlargement that is due to short focal length and high travel speed
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in Machining, Drilling, and Cutting of Polymer-Matrix Composites
> Engineered Materials Handbook Desk Edition
Published: 01 November 1995
Fig. 20 Small-tab laser cut in 1.5 mm (0.059 in.) thick fiberglass-reinforced polyester. The circular web between the inner hole and the outer U is 1 mm (0.04 in.) thick. Edge quality is good, with slight charring. In electrical applications, the conduction path created by this charring
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