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laser beam delivery optics

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Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 6A
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 31 October 2011
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v06a.a0005630
EISBN: 978-1-62708-174-0
... Abstract Properly designed beam-delivery optics is essential to quality of the beam acting on the workpiece and to the economics of the manufacturing process. This article describes the design considerations of laser beam delivery optics. It also reviews the manufacturing economics and presents...
Image
Published: 31 October 2011
Fig. 7 Generic laser-beam-delivery system with up to four optics, f 1 , f 2 , f 3 , and f 4 , that have finite focal lengths . The system is representative of most industrial beam-delivery systems for CO 2 as well as solid-state lasers, even those with fiber optic delivery. A flat More
Image
Published: 15 June 2020
Fig. 3 Schematic showing fiber delivery of a 1 μm wavelength laser source to the focusing optics in the processing head. The beam is “launched” from the laser, focused onto the end of the fiber, transmitted through the fiber, and recollimated and focused at the deposition head. Nd:YAG More
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 6A
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 31 October 2011
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v06a.a0005618
EISBN: 978-1-62708-174-0
...-beam-delivery system with up to four optics, f 1 , f 2 , f 3 , and f 4 , that have finite focal lengths . The system is representative of most industrial beam-delivery systems for CO 2 as well as solid-state lasers, even those with fiber optic delivery. A flat mirror, such as a standard beam...
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 6A
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 31 October 2011
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v06a.a0005631
EISBN: 978-1-62708-174-0
...-3:2003 Acceptance Tests for CO 2 Laser Beam Machines for High-Quality Welding and Cutting, Part 3: Calibration of Instruments for Measurement of Gas Flow and Pressure … ISO 22827-1:2005 Acceptance Tests for Nd:YAG Laser Beam Welding Machines. Machines with Optical Fiber Delivery, Part 1: Laser...
Series: ASM Desk Editions
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 November 1995
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.emde.a0003042
EISBN: 978-1-62708-200-6
.... Descriptions of common systems are given below. Two-Axis, Moving Workpiece Two-axis, moving workpiece, the simplest and most common laser cutting system, has fixed optics to simplify laser beam delivery. It is only usable on flat sheet material and takes up at least four times as much floor area...
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 6A
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 31 October 2011
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v06a.a0005632
EISBN: 978-1-62708-174-0
... reach levels approaching 15 kg/h (30 lb/h). The width of a clad pass can also be altered by the width and the scanning of the laser beams. In cases where the beam is scanned, clad pass widths can reach sizes of 25 mm (1 in.) or more, depending on the capabilities of the scanning optics. When...
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 2A
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 30 November 2018
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v02a.a0006502
EISBN: 978-1-62708-207-5
... Abstract Most welding lasers fall into the category of fiber, disc, or direct diode, all of which can be delivered by fiber optic. This article provides a comparison of the energy consumptions and efficiencies of laser beam welding (LBW) with other major welding processes. It discusses the two...
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 6A
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 31 October 2011
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v06a.a0005641
EISBN: 978-1-62708-174-0
... optical energy source called a laser as the source of heat. Laser is an acronym for light amplification by stimulated emission of radiation. The coherent nature of the laser beam allows it to be focused to a small spot, leading to high energy densities of 10 5 to 10 7 W/cm 2 (6 × 10 5 to 6 × 10 7 W...
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 6A
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 31 October 2011
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v06a.a0005627
EISBN: 978-1-62708-174-0
... in different interactions with materials and requires different types of optics and laser delivery systems to be used for each. These differences, and the ease at which gas lasers were scaled up in the early years, led to CO 2 laser dominance of high-power laser applications, oftentimes competing...
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 6
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 1993
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v06.a0001445
EISBN: 978-1-62708-173-3
.... For process development, the first caution one should take is to calibrate the laser output power with the power delivered at the substrate. There is often a measurable loss due to the reflective and transmissive optics used to deliver the beam from the laser to the workpiece. For systems with fiber delivery...
Book: Machining
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 16
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 1989
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v16.a0002168
EISBN: 978-1-62708-188-7
.... Better beam quality at higher power produces deep penetration welds with very low aspect ratios. Laser machining systems are also changing. Fiber optic cables are being used with Nd:YAG lasers to simplify laser beam delivery. Robotic devices are being designed specifically for integration with lasers...
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 6A
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 31 October 2011
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v06a.a0005600
EISBN: 978-1-62708-174-0
... and obstructions from the laser-focusing optic assembly. Alternatively, the laser beam axis can be tilted while the GMAW torch is positioned normal to the work. Another reported difference between the two process orientations is in penetration. If the laser beam is positioned in the arc depression of the GMAW...
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 24
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 15 June 2020
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v24.a0006545
EISBN: 978-1-62708-290-7
... of many continuous-wave solid-state lasers. The advantage of this may not be immediately apparent to nonpractitioners who have not observed the attenuation of a CO 2 beam due to atmospheric conditions, such as fluctuating indoor humidity, or have had to tediously align a series of reflective optics...
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 24
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 15 June 2020
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v24.a0006549
EISBN: 978-1-62708-290-7
... through a fiber optic cable. Fiber delivery is not only a convenient means of providing laser power to the processing head and substrate, but it also significantly increases the consistency of important beam characteristics, because there is little opportunity for the laser beam to interact...
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 6
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 1993
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v06.a0001370
EISBN: 978-1-62708-173-3
... Abstract Laser-beam welding (LBW) uses a moving high-density coherent optical energy source, called laser, as the source of heat. This article discusses the advantages and limitations of LBW and tabulates energy consumption and efficiency of LBW relative to other selected welding processes...
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 23A
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 12 September 2022
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v23A.a0006858
EISBN: 978-1-62708-392-8
... drug screening, disease modeling, and cell-conditioning nanobiosystems. One of the key challenges in the case of sub-10 nm feature development is the complexity involved in creating such fine patterns as a stamp in the master mold using e-beam and other optical patterning tools. The more obvious...
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 14B
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 2006
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v14b.a0005130
EISBN: 978-1-62708-186-3
... that the overall energy transfer ratio of laser systems into the workpiece material is rather low (<10%). Lasers are available in a variety of types and power levels. Low power lasers of the neodymium-yttrium (Nd-YAG) type may use fiber-optic beam delivery systems. High-power CO 2 lasers require water...
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 2A
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 30 November 2018
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v02a.a0006490
EISBN: 978-1-62708-207-5
... a stirring action within the molten pool through the use of the moving keyhole. The process is increasingly being used to improve weld quality, properties, and reliability for a wide range of industries, and advancements in laser beam quality and delivery capabilities are helping to spur this growth...
Book Chapter

Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 14B
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 2006
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v14b.a0005106
EISBN: 978-1-62708-186-3
... be irritating and/or hazardous and likewise should be removed from the work area. Optional equipment includes a water chiller to cool the laser and external optics, transformers for proper electrical supply, and compressed dry air for the beam delivery and assist gas. Laser-Cutting Applications Virtually...