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Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 14A
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 2005
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v14a.a0003985
EISBN: 978-1-62708-185-6
... Abstract Hot-die forging and isothermal forging are unique forging methods developed to forge materials that are difficult or impossible to forge by conventional means. This article presents a comparative study on hot-die forging and isothermal forging. It discusses forging parameters, process...
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Published: 01 January 2005
Fig. 2 Comparison of conventional and isothermal forging for a typical cross section from a jet engine turbine disk. Isothermal forging reduces the raw material weight requirement by 55 kg (119 lb) More
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Published: 01 January 2005
Fig. 5 Die stack and induction heating system for isothermal forging More
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Published: 01 January 2005
Fig. 1 Isothermal forging process using TZM dies. Courtesy of The Ladish Co. More
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Published: 01 January 2005
Fig. 14 Ductile failure during isothermal forging of Ti-49.5Al-2.5Nb-1.1Mn at 1150 °C (2100 °F) and a strain rate of 0.1 s −1 . (a) Macrograph of free surface cracking. (b) Micrograph showing cavitation near the bulged free surface. (c) Comparison of finite-element-method predictions More
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Published: 30 September 2015
Fig. 1 IN-100 isothermally forged disk More
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Published: 30 September 2015
Fig. 6 Tensile properties of extruded plus isothermally forged PM N18 compared to PM Astroloy and PM IN-100 (N18 heat treatment: 1165 °C (2130 °F)/4 h/cooled at 100 °C/min + 700 °C (1292 °F)/24 h/air cool + 800 °C (1472 °F)/4 h/air cool). Source: Ref 29 More
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Published: 30 September 2015
Fig. 7 Larson-Miller creep rupture curves for extruded plus isothermally forged PM N18 compared to PM Astroloy and PM IN-100 (N18 heat treatment: 1165 °C (2130 °F)/4 h/cooled at 100 °C/min + 700 °C (1292 °F)/24 h/air cool + 800 °C (1472 °F)/4 h/air cool). Astr., Astroloy; Str. rupt., stress More
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Published: 30 September 2015
Fig. 8 Crack growth rates at 650 °C (1202 °F) for extruded plus isothermally forged PM N18 compared to PM Astroloy and PM IN-100 (N18 heat treatment: 1165 °C (2130 °F)/4 h/cooled at 100 °C/min + 700 °C (1292 °F)/24 h/air cool + 800 °C (1472 °F)/4 h/air cool). Source: Ref 29 More
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Published: 01 January 2005
Fig. 12 Example of an 8000 ton isothermal forge press. Billet preheat chamber, transfer mechanisms, forge dies, and induction heating coils are all enclosed with a vacuum chamber. Courtesy of Pratt & Whitney More
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Published: 01 January 2005
Fig. 13 Contour map of predicted effective strain for an isothermally forged turbine disk More
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Published: 01 January 2005
Fig. 14 Contour map of predicted strain rate for an isothermally forged turbine disk at a time point where strain rates peak at critical locations More
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Published: 01 January 2005
Fig. 4 As-isothermally forged Alloy 720LI cluster component. This single, near-net forging produces seven smaller disks for a helicopter turbine engine application. Each individual turbine disk is excised from this forging by electrical discharge machining or waterjet cutting. Courtesy More
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Published: 01 December 2009
Fig. 19 Contour map of predicted effective strain for an isothermally forged turbine disk More
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Published: 01 December 2009
Fig. 20 Contour map of predicted strain rate for an isothermally forged turbine disk at a time point where strain rates peak at critical locations More
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 14A
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 2005
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v14a.a0004001
EISBN: 978-1-62708-185-6
... of the gamma aluminides with particular reference to production scaleable techniques, including vacuum arc and cold-hearth melting, isothermal forging, conventional hot forging, and extrusion. The selection and design of manufacturing methods, in the context of processing-cost trade-offs for gamma titanium...
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 18
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 31 December 2017
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v18.a0006370
EISBN: 978-1-62708-192-4
... asperities in metal forming. It presents advanced tribology models and results for friction in isothermal forging operations in which the tooling is maintained at a temperature close to that of the workpiece. The article provides information on heat transfer models. It discusses the effect of wear...
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Published: 30 September 2015
Fig. 2 Isothermal superalloy forging More
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Published: 01 January 2005
Fig. 4 Deformation patterns in nonlubricated, non-isothermal hot forging. (a) Initial barreling. (b) Barreling and folding over. (c) Beginning of end face expansion. Source: 5 More
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Published: 01 January 2005
Fig. 6 Polarized light optical microstructure developed in Ti-45.5Al-2Cr-2Nb pancakes upset at 1150 °C (2100 °F) to a 6-to-1 reduction using (a) “standard” isothermal forging practice, (b) isothermal forging with a 15 min dwell after the first 2-to-1 reduction, (c) conventional forging ( ε More