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irradiation hardening

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Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 1
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 1990
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v01.a0001036
EISBN: 978-1-62708-161-0
... by neutron irradiation include swelling (volume increase), irradiation hardening, and irradiation embrittlement (the influence of irradiation hardening on fracture toughness). These effects are primarily associated with high-energy (greater than 0.1 MeV) neutrons. Consequently, irradiation damage from...
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 13C
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 2006
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v13c.a0004147
EISBN: 978-1-62708-184-9
... for irradiation-assisted stress-corrosion cracking. The article addresses the effects of various radiation factors on corrosion. These include radiation-induced segregation at grain boundaries, radiation hardening, mode of deformation, radiation creep relaxation, and radiolysis. The article discusses a variety...
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Published: 01 January 2006
Fig. 26 Degree of irradiation-assisted stress-corrosion cracking in type 304 stainless steel samples with the same hardness but with different combinations of hardening by cold work (CW) and irradiation using 3.2 MeV protons at 360 °C (680 °F). Source: Ref 136 More
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Published: 01 January 2006
Fig. 30 Variation in dislocation channel area, dislocation loop line length, and strain-hardening exponent as a function of dose for neutron-irradiated type 316 stainless steel (SS). Source: Ref 150 More
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Published: 01 January 2006
-series stainless steels where hardening is by irradiation. Source: Ref 85 , 97 , and 120 More
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 19
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 1996
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v19.a0002404
EISBN: 978-1-62708-193-1
... orientation, strain rate, thermal aging, and neutron irradiation on base metal and weld toughness. It discusses the effect of cold-work-induced strengthening on fracture toughness. The article examines the fracture toughness behavior of aged base metal and welding-induced heat-affected zones. It concludes...
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 10
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 15 December 2019
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v10.a0006632
EISBN: 978-1-62708-213-6
... and/or mechanical plastic deformation, as in forming, machining, grinding, shot peening, welding, quenching, or virtually any thermal-mechanical process that leaves a distribution of elastic strains. Phase transformations that produce nonuniform volume changes in a part, as in carburizing or case hardening of steel...
Series: ASM Handbook Archive
Volume: 10
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 1986
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v10.a0001761
EISBN: 978-1-62708-178-8
... average stress in a volume of material defined by the irradiated area, which may vary from square centimeters to square millimeters, and the depth of penetration of the x-ray beam. The linear absorption coefficient of the material for the radiation used governs the depth of penetration, which can vary...
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 23A
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 12 September 2022
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v23A.a0006863
EISBN: 978-1-62708-392-8
... photosensitive resin is hardened by irradiation with UV light. As shown schematically in Fig. 8 , a laser beam (of UV light) is focused on the polymer (according to the cross-sectional profile of the model). For such an application, software related to the computer-aided design is set in advance. The cross...
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 13C
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 2006
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v13c.a0004148
EISBN: 978-1-62708-184-9
... in water and heat flow conditions that causes irradiation on the zirconium alloy assemblies. It discusses the effect of irradiation on the microstructure and morphology of cladded linings. The article describes the impact of metallurgical parameters on the oxidation resistance of zirconium alloys...
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 4A
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 August 2013
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v04a.a0005817
EISBN: 978-1-62708-165-8
... to the surface to be treated. In Fig. 16 , various surface contours are classified in terms of their suitability for EBH. Interior contours (e.g., drills) must have an aspect ratio (diameter to depth) of ≥1 to be hardened by oblique irradiation. Certain contours such as cutting edges, thin walls, or undercuts...
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 22A
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 December 2009
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v22a.a0005418
EISBN: 978-1-62708-196-2
... dependence could be incorporated in the flow rule and the model then used to design bimodal microstructures of tailored strength and ductility. An obstacle hardening law has also been implemented to simulate irradiation hardening in ferritic steels ( Ref 37 ), with a measured initial texture. Single-Phase...
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 18
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 31 December 2017
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v18.a0006367
EISBN: 978-1-62708-192-4
...-metallic material pairs. One important study ( Ref 43 ) has been carried out on irradiated polyetheretherketone (PEEK) under water lubrication. Tribological performance against 17-4 precipitation-hardened stainless steel was evaluated in a pin-on-disk setup. The PEEK samples were exposed to cobalt-60...
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 23
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 June 2012
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v23.a0005672
EISBN: 978-1-62708-198-6
... or harden by several mechanisms. When a chemical reaction is involved, the adhesive cures to obtain final properties. Curing of polymeric adhesives can be achieved with cross-linking agents (e.g., moisture for cyanoacrylates and amines for epoxies), at elevated temperature, or by irradiation (e.g...
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 12
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 June 2024
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v12.a0007032
EISBN: 978-1-62708-387-4
... environments. The five types of stainless steels are the austenitic, ferritic, duplex, martensitic, and precipitation- hardened alloys. Austenitic stainless steels such as Types 304 or 316 are the most widely used; they contain about 18% chromium and 8% nickel. These nonmagnetic alloys have a face-centered...
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 18
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 31 December 2017
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v18.a0006421
EISBN: 978-1-62708-192-4
... hardness throughout the bulk material can impart brittleness. Therefore, surface modification techniques are used to locally change the wear resistance of the material on a surface subjected to the loading. For example, surface hardening improves the surface hardness, but maintains a softer tough core...
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 14A
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 2005
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v14a.a0004028
EISBN: 978-1-62708-185-6
... the stress is known, the shear rates in the slip systems can be calculated using Eq 1 and 6 . The shear rates provide the plastic spin ( Eq 13(b) ), and Eq 14 gives the rate of rotation for the crystallographic orientation. Orientation, hardening of the slip systems, and the deformation tensor...
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 22B
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 November 2010
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v22b.a0005513
EISBN: 978-1-62708-197-9
... residual stresses are maintained below acceptable limits. Absorptance is the complement of reflectance. It is a measure of interaction between the laser beam photons and the free and bound electrons in the irradiated surface materials. This interaction results in heat generation in a very thin surface...
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 13C
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 2006
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v13c.a0004146
EISBN: 978-1-62708-184-9
... steel, depending on the age of the plant and available cooling water (seawater, estuarine water, or river water). A list of common structural steels used in PWRs for pressure vessels and piping is shown in Table 1 . Typical austenitic, martensitic, and precipitation-hardened stainless steels...
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 4A
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 August 2013
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v04a.a0005808
EISBN: 978-1-62708-165-8
... Abstract Laser surface hardening is a noncontact process that provides a chemically inert and clean environment as well as flexible integration with operating systems. This article provides a brief discussion on the various conventional surface-modification techniques to enhance the surface...