Fig. 16 Influence of mixing time on apparent density of two different iron powders. (a) Sponge grade (NC100.24). (b) Atomized grade (ASC100.29). 1, Zn-st; 2, Kenolube; 3, amide wax PM More

Fig. 18 Compressibility curves for two commercial iron powders from Höganäs, atomized powder ASC100.9 and sponge powder NC100.24, compacted in a carbide die having an inner diameter of 25 mm (1 in.). Lubricant additions: 0.75% zinc stearate More

Fig. 2 Images of iron powders (95% <45 μm, or 1.8 mils) produced from different manufacturing processes. (a) Atomized iron. (b) Reduced iron. (c) Electrolytic iron. (d) Carbonyl iron. Top row: SEM images; bottom row: cross section optical microscope images More

Fig. 4 Particle images of commercial electrolytic iron powders (a) A and (b) B. Top row: SEM images; bottom row: cross section optical microscope images More

Fig. 3 Comparison of compressibility and green strength for two iron powders: (a) compressibility and (b) green strength. Source: Ref 3 More

Fig. 6 Effect of apparent density on compressibility of iron powders produced by different methods. Compaction at 200, 400, and 600 MPa. Source: Ref 5 More

Fig. 1 Cumulative particle size distributions of some common iron powders. Source: Ref 1 More

Fig. 2 Photographs of (a) atomized and (b) sponge iron powders. SEM, scanning electron microscope More

Fig. 3 Particle morphology of hydrogen-reduced and carbon-reduced iron powders. (a) Hydrogen-reduced (coarse). (b) Hydrogen-reduced (fine). (c) Carbon-reduced (fine) More

Fig. 4 Specific surface area of iron powders made from atomization, hydrogen reduction, and carbon reduction More

Fig. 5 Green strength of various iron powders and steel fiber. AD, apparent density More

Fig. 16 Scanning electron microscope images of water-atomized iron powders (a) Arrows indicate a fair degree of irregularity or roughness on the surface. (b) Water-atomized and annealed iron powder. Arrows indicate small fines that were agglomerated onto the larger particles. (c) Water More

Fig. 2 Images of elemental iron powders (95% <325 mesh, or 45 μm) produced from different manufacturing processes. (a) Atomized iron. (b) Hydrogen-reduced iron. (c) Electrolytic iron. (d) Carbonyl iron. Top row: scanning electron microscopy images; bottom row: cross-sectional optical More

Fig. 1 SEM photographs of atomized iron powder versus sponge iron powder. Courtesy of Höganäs More

Fig. 15 Compacting properties of electrolytic A-210 iron powder. Powder admixed with 0.5% zinc stearate for lubrication More

Fig. 6 Iron powder contamination of water-atomized low-alloy steel powder. Source: Ref 21 More

Fig. 28 Increase of case depth with decrease in density of iron powder metallurgy parts carbonitrided for various periods of time at 790 °C (1455 °F). Curve for steel is based on total furnace time and represents the average of the 775 to 790 °C (1425 to 1455 °F) band shown in Fig. 10 . More

Fig. 1 Image comparison of a reduced iron powder. (a) Macroscope image. (b) Microscope image. (c) Scanning electron microscope (SEM) image More

Fig. 5 Trend of improvements in iron powder compressibility. Source: Ref 4 More

Fig. 8 Effect of oxygen content on compressibility of water atomized iron powder (<0.2 wt% Mn, 0.01 wt% Si) blended with 0.75 wt% Acrawax C and 0.4 wt% graphite. Data at 0.1 wt% O includes results from iron powder with 0.6 wt% Mn. Source: Ref 8 More