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Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 23
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 June 2012
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v23.a0005683
EISBN: 978-1-62708-198-6
..., and ion-leaching tests are also discussed. corrosion current density corrosion testing electrochemical corrosion testing electrochemical impedance measurement environment-assisted cracking tests fretting corrosion tests galvanic corrosion tests ion-leaching tests medical devices metallic...
Series: ASM Desk Editions
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 December 1998
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.mhde2.a0003169
EISBN: 978-1-62708-199-3
... and the product is separated into size fractions by sieving on set of laboratory screens with elutriation of the subsieve fraction. The size fractions are examined under the microscope to determine the extent of liberation, and concentration tests are run on size fractions to determine the degree of concentration...
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 13C
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 2006
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v13c.a0004219
EISBN: 978-1-62708-184-9
.... While heap leaching can be performed using polymeric or other nonmetallic materials, a high-pressure and high-temperature process requires a metallic- or a ceramic-lined metallic container as the autoclave. Besides the acid environment, presence of oxygen and the multivalent metal ions in the ore...
Book Chapter

Series: ASM Handbook Archive
Volume: 11
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 2002
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v11.a0003548
EISBN: 978-1-62708-180-1
... corrosion, pitting and crevice corrosion, intergranular corrosion, and velocity-affected corrosion. The article contains a table that lists combinations of alloys and environments subjected to selective leaching and the elements removed by leaching. corrosion crevice corrosion dealuminification...
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 13A
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 2003
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v13a.a0003609
EISBN: 978-1-62708-182-5
... Abstract This article discusses two general mechanisms of corrosion in molten salts. One is the metal dissolution caused by the solubility of the metal in the melt. The second and most common mechanism is the oxidation of the metal to ions. Specific examples of the types of corrosion expected...
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 11
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 15 January 2021
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v11.a0006783
EISBN: 978-1-62708-295-2
... are galvanic corrosion, uniform corrosion, pitting, crevice corrosion, intergranular corrosion, selective leaching, and velocity-affected corrosion. In particular, mechanisms of corrosive attack for specific forms of corrosion, as well as evaluation and factors contributing to these forms, are described...
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 13A
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 2003
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v13a.a0003718
EISBN: 978-1-62708-182-5
.... The formation of complex chem- when brought in contact with a material. A Contrast with physisorption. ical species by the coordination of groups of corrosive agent. atoms termed ligands to a central ion, com- corrodkote test. An accelerated corrosion test chevron pattern. A fractographic pattern of ra- monly...
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 13A
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 2003
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v13a.9781627081825
EISBN: 978-1-62708-182-5
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 13A
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 2003
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v13a.a0003677
EISBN: 978-1-62708-182-5
..., but it can fail and lead to localized corrosion, including pitting, in the presence of aggressive anion species. Aggressive anion species, especially halide ions such as Cl − , cause pitting ( Ref 6 , 22 , 27 , 28 , 29 ). A possible mechanism of TiO 2 failure, which subsequently leads to pitting...
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 23
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 June 2012
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v23.a0005681
EISBN: 978-1-62708-198-6
... instead of dental amalgam and cast restorations has grown because of the possibility of adverse health effects from exposure to mercury that could leach from dental amalgams, and because of an increase in aesthetic demands and economic and convenience reasons compared to the cast metallic restorations...
Series: ASM Handbook Archive
Volume: 11
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 2002
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v11.a0001817
EISBN: 978-1-62708-180-1
... on the failures of heat exchangers. chemical analysis corrosion corrosion fatigue cyclic stress heat exchangers mechanical test microscopic examination selective leaching stress-corrosion cracking tubing visual examination welding HEAT EXCHANGERS are generally used to transfer heat from...
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 10
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 15 December 2019
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v10.a0006629
EISBN: 978-1-62708-213-6
... Abstract This article focuses on wet chemical methods that have stood the test of time in laboratories around the world. It begins with a description of the appropriateness of classical wet methods. This is followed by sections on sampling procedures, basic chemical equilibria, and wet...
Series: ASM Desk Editions
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 November 1995
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.emde.a0003066
EISBN: 978-1-62708-200-6
... of an intermediate ion to a glass are often opposed to those introduced by the addition of a modifier ion, that is, the reduction in the concentration of nonbridging anions or the reconversion of the glass-former ion to its coordination number in the unmodified glass. It follows that the addition of intermediate...
Series: ASM Handbook Archive
Volume: 11
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 2002
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v11.a0003549
EISBN: 978-1-62708-180-1
... is evolved and the zinc dissolves, forming an acidic aqueous solution of zinc chloride. The reaction is: (Eq 1) Zn + 2 HCl → ZnCl 2 + H 2 Since the chloride ion is not involved in the reaction, this equation can be written in the simplified form: (Eq 2) Zn + 2 H...
Series: ASM Desk Editions
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 December 1998
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.mhde2.a0003225
EISBN: 978-1-62708-199-3
... and destructive testing, chemical analysis Loading direction can show failure was secondary Short-term, high-temperature, high-stress rupture has ductile appearance (see creep) Load exceeded the dynamic strength of the part Check for proper alloy and processing, as well as proper toughness, grain...
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 5B
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 30 September 2015
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v05b.a0006070
EISBN: 978-1-62708-172-6
...; and leaches minerals from soils. Most ionic material readily dissociates in water, and water itself will ionize slightly into hydrogen and hydroxide ions. If water-soluble salts are present, they will also dissociate in water, significantly increasing the water conductivity. Corrosion of steel in water...
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 13C
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 2006
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v13c.a0004173
EISBN: 978-1-62708-184-9
... be given due consideration. Halide-Induced Corrosion Many types of solder fluxes contain halides. Frequently, the halide constituent is the chloride ion, but in some solder-flux formulations, bromide and fluoride ions may be present alone or in combination with chloride ions. Of course, solder flux...
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 13C
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 2006
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v13c.a0004205
EISBN: 978-1-62708-184-9
... corrosion products in tissues surrounding implanted devices has the potential to cause osteolytic problems, and some problems, which were originally considered to have been due to metal sensitivity ( Ref 22 ), now appear to have been particulate related. Metal Ion Leaching and Systemic Effects...
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 2
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 1990
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v02.a0001091
EISBN: 978-1-62708-162-7
... the gallium concentration reaches about 1% in the amalgam, it is drawn off and leached with a caustic solution. This yields a concentrated gallium solution from which crude gallium can be recovered by electrolysis ( Ref 7 ). Because mercury losses are significant owing to the high level of cathode...
Series: ASM Handbook Archive
Volume: 11
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 2002
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v11.a0003553
EISBN: 978-1-62708-180-1
... information on specific ions and substances, service environments, and preservice environments responsible for SCC. It details the analysis of SCC failures, which include on-site examination, sampling, observation of fracture surface characteristics, macroscopic examination, microscopic examination, chemical...