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ion-leaching tests

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Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 23
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 June 2012
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v23.a0005683
EISBN: 978-1-62708-198-6
..., and ion-leaching tests are also discussed. corrosion current density corrosion testing electrochemical corrosion testing electrochemical impedance measurement environment-assisted cracking tests fretting corrosion tests galvanic corrosion tests ion-leaching tests medical devices metallic...
Series: ASM Desk Editions
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 December 1998
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.mhde2.a0003169
EISBN: 978-1-62708-199-3
... and the product is separated into size fractions by sieving on set of laboratory screens with elutriation of the subsieve fraction. The size fractions are examined under the microscope to determine the extent of liberation, and concentration tests are run on size fractions to determine the degree of concentration...
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 13C
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 2006
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v13c.a0004219
EISBN: 978-1-62708-184-9
.... While heap leaching can be performed using polymeric or other nonmetallic materials, a high-pressure and high-temperature process requires a metallic- or a ceramic-lined metallic container as the autoclave. Besides the acid environment, presence of oxygen and the multivalent metal ions in the ore...
Book Chapter

Series: ASM Handbook Archive
Volume: 11
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 2002
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v11.a0003548
EISBN: 978-1-62708-180-1
... electrochemical reactions. The potentials are measured against a standard reference electrode when the metal is immersed in a solution of its own ions at unit activity ( Table 1 ). Similar to the galvanic series, it is a list of metals and alloys arranged according to their relative potentials in a given...
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 13A
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 2003
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v13a.a0003609
EISBN: 978-1-62708-182-5
... Abstract This article discusses two general mechanisms of corrosion in molten salts. One is the metal dissolution caused by the solubility of the metal in the melt. The second and most common mechanism is the oxidation of the metal to ions. Specific examples of the types of corrosion expected...
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 11
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 15 January 2021
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v11.a0006783
EISBN: 978-1-62708-295-2
... (emf) series is a table that lists in order the standard electrode potentials of specified electrochemical reactions. The potentials are measured against a standard reference electrode when the metal is immersed in a solution of its own ions at unit activity ( Table 1 ). Similar to the galvanic series...
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 13A
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 2003
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v13a.a0003718
EISBN: 978-1-62708-182-5
.... The formation of complex chem- when brought in contact with a material. A Contrast with physisorption. ical species by the coordination of groups of corrosive agent. atoms termed ligands to a central ion, com- corrodkote test. An accelerated corrosion test chevron pattern. A fractographic pattern of ra- monly...
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 13A
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 2003
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v13a.9781627081825
EISBN: 978-1-62708-182-5
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 13A
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 2003
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v13a.a0003677
EISBN: 978-1-62708-182-5
..., but it can fail and lead to localized corrosion, including pitting, in the presence of aggressive anion species. Aggressive anion species, especially halide ions such as Cl − , cause pitting ( Ref 6 , 22 , 27 , 28 , 29 ). A possible mechanism of TiO 2 failure, which subsequently leads to pitting...
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 10
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 15 December 2019
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v10.a0006629
EISBN: 978-1-62708-213-6
..., many wet chemical methods can be less costly than instrumental methods and can be done in-house. Additionally, the analyst does not need to be trained on specialized instrumentation, rendering the cost to employers significantly less. Ion chromatography, for example, can be employed as a means...
Series: ASM Handbook Archive
Volume: 11
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 2002
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v11.a0001817
EISBN: 978-1-62708-180-1
... of corrosion products or metal surfaces. For example, silver nitrate tests may be performed on residues clinging to a pitted stainless steel surface to confirm the presence of chloride ions—a common cause of pitting. Wet chemical methods are often supplemented by the use of x-ray diffraction or electron probe...
Series: ASM Desk Editions
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 November 1995
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.emde.a0003066
EISBN: 978-1-62708-200-6
... of an intermediate ion to a glass are often opposed to those introduced by the addition of a modifier ion, that is, the reduction in the concentration of nonbridging anions or the reconversion of the glass-former ion to its coordination number in the unmodified glass. It follows that the addition of intermediate...
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 23
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 June 2012
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v23.a0005681
EISBN: 978-1-62708-198-6
... closely associated van der Waals forces and covalent bonds within the resin ( Ref 10 ). Shrinkage during polymerization will result in tension and possibly a 5 to 30 μm gap between the composite and the tooth ( Ref 32 , 33 ). Bacteria, fluids, molecules, and ions can enter this gap through a process...
Series: ASM Handbook Archive
Volume: 11
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 2002
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v11.a0003549
EISBN: 978-1-62708-180-1
... is evolved and the zinc dissolves, forming an acidic aqueous solution of zinc chloride. The reaction is: (Eq 1) Zn + 2 HCl → ZnCl 2 + H 2 Since the chloride ion is not involved in the reaction, this equation can be written in the simplified form: (Eq 2) Zn + 2 H...
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 5B
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 30 September 2015
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v05b.a0006070
EISBN: 978-1-62708-172-6
...; and leaches minerals from soils. Most ionic material readily dissociates in water, and water itself will ionize slightly into hydrogen and hydroxide ions. If water-soluble salts are present, they will also dissociate in water, significantly increasing the water conductivity. Corrosion of steel in water...
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 13C
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 2006
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v13c.a0004205
EISBN: 978-1-62708-184-9
... corrosion products in tissues surrounding implanted devices has the potential to cause osteolytic problems, and some problems, which were originally considered to have been due to metal sensitivity ( Ref 22 ), now appear to have been particulate related. Metal Ion Leaching and Systemic Effects...
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 13C
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 2006
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v13c.a0004173
EISBN: 978-1-62708-184-9
... be given due consideration. Halide-Induced Corrosion Many types of solder fluxes contain halides. Frequently, the halide constituent is the chloride ion, but in some solder-flux formulations, bromide and fluoride ions may be present alone or in combination with chloride ions. Of course, solder flux...
Series: ASM Desk Editions
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 December 1998
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.mhde2.a0003225
EISBN: 978-1-62708-199-3
... and destructive testing, chemical analysis Loading direction can show failure was secondary Short-term, high-temperature, high-stress rupture has ductile appearance (see creep) Load exceeded the dynamic strength of the part Check for proper alloy and processing, as well as proper toughness, grain...
Series: ASM Handbook
Volume: 23
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 June 2012
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v23.a0005652
EISBN: 978-1-62708-198-6
..., with all of the corrosion occurring in the stainless steel devices and no evidence of corrosion of the titanium alloy devices. Leaching of Metal Ions and Systemic Effects There appears to be little question that serum and tissue metal ion levels experience an increase in the early postoperative...
Series: ASM Handbook Archive
Volume: 11
Publisher: ASM International
Published: 01 January 2002
DOI: 10.31399/asm.hb.v11.a0003553
EISBN: 978-1-62708-180-1
... information on specific ions and substances, service environments, and preservice environments responsible for SCC. It details the analysis of SCC failures, which include on-site examination, sampling, observation of fracture surface characteristics, macroscopic examination, microscopic examination, chemical...